Central cattle market in Vienna

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The listed gate system of the central cattle market in Sankt Marx

The Sankt Marx central cattle market in the 3rd district of Vienna Landstrasse was the largest cattle market in Vienna and the only market for the sale of large horned cattle, calves, sheep, lambs, goats, pigs and suckling pigs intended for slaughter in the municipality.

location

According to a city map from 1956, he was

  • in the south-east of Döblerhofstraße and a track of the Schlachthausbahn (which today corresponds to the Südosttangente or Litfaßstraße),
  • in the northeast from Baumgasse,
  • in the northwest at the level of the listed cattle market portal from the slaughterhouse Sankt Marx and
  • bounded in the south-west by the second track of the Schlachthausbahn running parallel to Rennweg and Simmeringer Hauptstrasse with the Vienna St. Marx train station.

In contrast to the slaughterhouse, the central cattle market was located outside the area of ​​the city of Vienna in which the consumption tax was effective. The consumption tax office building was to the right of the main entrance to the market.

history

The central cattle market in Sankt Marx was a mainstay of Vienna's meat supply . It was the only slaughter cattle market for Vienna and the communities of Albern , Altlaa and Neuerlaa , Atzgersdorf , Bisamberg , Breitenlee , Hadersdorf , Inzersdorf am Wienerberg , Langenzersdorf , Kledering , Klosterneuburg , Mauer , Oberlaa and Unterlaa , Rothneusiedl , Schwechat , Stammersdorf , Weidling and Weidlingbach .

According to statistics from the Vienna City Administration, 265,641 of the ox , cows, bulls and buffalos found in Sankt Marx in 1889 came from

The origin of the other animals traded here was not recorded. However, Hungary was also the market leader here. Almost all of the sheep and half of the pigs came from Hungary and its neighboring countries .

In addition to the already mentioned live cattle destined for slaughter, already gutted calves, sheep, lambs, goats, pigs and suckling pigs were traded here. The meat marketing was later moved to the wholesale market hall.

monarchy

The live cattle market in Vienna, mentioned in 1549 as the oldest and regularly held, was the one on the so-called Ochsengries in the area of ​​today 's Beethovenplatz . At the beginning of the 18th century this market was relocated to what is now the Wien Mitte train station. In 1797 the market was relocated to Sankt Marx , where it initially only consisted of a fenced meadow without weather protection.

Until shortly before the end of the 17th century, pigs were traded on the so-called Saumarkt, today's Lobkowitzplatz. In 1675 the pig market was relocated in front of the Kärntner Tor.

Between 1880 and 1883, the construction company Rudolf Frey, with the collaboration of the architect Adalbert Constantin Swoboda, set up a central cattle market for the city of Vienna at the end of Viehmarktstrasse, which was responsible for the municipality of Vienna and its surroundings within a radius of about 10 kilometers. Up to around 1910, 112,770 square meters were built on a floor area of ​​310,584 square meters. The colossal gate system with the two groups of bulls was made by the sculptor Anton Schmidgruber and was renovated in 2014.

The cattle and calf market was located south of the extended Viehmarktstrasse - today Maria-Jacobi-Gasse - while the sheep and pig market was located north of it.

The cattle hall made of wrought iron parts
The hall inside
  • Cattle hall: The cattle hall was built between 1879 and 1881 and expanded in a second construction phase in 1898. The hall consists of two three-aisled halls, which are connected to one another along their long sides by a covered street (street ship). At that time, the cattle sales hall now 224 meters long and 114.4 meters wide held around 6000 cattle. After the Vienna slaughterhouse was relocated in 1997, the hall was the last remaining hall to be listed as a historical monument. It has been used for events since 1999. Today it is an event location as the Marx Halle .
  • Calf shed: The calf shed, 86.9 meters long and 64.26 meters wide, had a capacity for 15,000 dead or 4,500 live calves.
  • Sheep hall: The sheep hall, 77.54 meters long and 51.5 meters wide, had a capacity for 6000 sheep.
  • Pig hall: The pig hall consisted of two three-aisled halls 156 meters long and 55 meters wide and together had a capacity for 11,000 pigs. Between the two halls there was a courtyard 140 meters long and 11 meters wide.

In addition, there were stalls for 4954 cattle, 9500 fat pigs and 2800 young pigs.

Originally, the animals were mainly herded to the market from Hungary. With the expansion of the railway network , the transport to Vienna increasingly took place by rail; the animals were only driven the section from the respective unloading station to the central cattle market. When Vienna pushed for a ban on these cattle drives through partially inhabited areas because of the World Exhibition in 1873 , the Zentralviehmarkt received a direct connection to the railway network via the slaughterhouse railway with the Vienna St. Marx station.

Notstechbrücke

A 1899 erected and designated as Notstechbrücke simple timber was originally used disease sick or suspicious, matt or accident pigs rapidly in place emergency slaughtering to. Since meat choppers who did not have their own slaughterhouse were later allowed to use the Notstechbrücke, it was repeatedly enlarged.In this provisional facility, around 45,000 to 50,000 pigs were slaughtered annually in the last few years before the opening of the municipal pig slaughterhouse in 1910.

First republic

During the First World War, the market facilities were hardly maintained, so that there was some catching up to do in the post-war years. However, since the cattle trade in Vienna had initially come to a standstill as a result of the collapse of the monarchy , the authorities in charge waited until further developments were made. It was not until around 1921 that the renovation and expansion of the central cattle market began. Around 1927, additional stables for 1,100 young pigs were built.

Already during the monarchy almost all of the cattle destined for slaughter came from Hungary, and during the First Republic 80 to 100 percent of the uplift came from abroad. During their examinations , official veterinarians repeatedly found diseases in the animals, especially foot and mouth disease . With the increased occurrence of this disease, market freezes had to be imposed again and again. Animals that were suspected of being infected were therefore separated and transferred to the neighboring Viennese Kontumaz facility. Thanks to this consistency in avoiding contamination, slaughter cattle could also be exported to Germany, Italy and Czechoslovakia via the central cattle market. In 1925, however, this export stalled due to the entry into force of an animal disease agreement with the above-mentioned states.

With the Vienna Sankt Marx station, the slaughterhouse railway, comprising around four kilometers of track, was part of the rail network of the federal railways . Cattle could be unloaded simultaneously from 80 wagons on two ramps and pigs from 30 wagons on another ramp. The mayor of Vienna announced on July 10, 1920 that animals intended for slaughter may only be unloaded in Sankt Marx at the slaughterhouse station there. Unloading in other train stations and in ship stations was only permitted in exceptional cases.

Second republic

During the Second World War the calf hall, the sheep hall and a pig hall were destroyed. After the end of the war - because there were no window glass, mosquito nets and disinfectants, flies spread - the market area was initially confiscated by the occupying powers , but later released again gradually.

Both the sheep hall and, between 1950 and 195, the fat pig hall - with 680 spaces more than the old hall - were rebuilt and a new disinfection hall for cleaning and disinfecting delivery vehicles was built.

From 1955 the central cattle market could be put back into operation in sections. As a result of private slaughterhouses that settled in the area around Vienna between 1960 and 1970, the number of animals delivered for marketing fell.

In the course of the work on the construction of the new Sankt Marx meat center, which began in 1970, the Federal Monuments Office showed no public interest in the facilities of the central cattle market. Only the gate with the two bull sculptures at the transition from Viehmarktgasse to today's Maria-Jacobi-Gasse was placed under monument protection in 1971. In the 1990s, the cattle hall, the administration building and the former bank building of the Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa - today the seat of the Municipal Department MA 60 - were placed under protection.

The central cattle market was also affected by the final closure of the Sankt Marx slaughterhouse in 1997. It too was closed.

Viennese cattle and meat market cashier

Former Viennese cattle and meat market cashier, later Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich AG - St. Marx branch

The expansion of the catchment area of ​​the central cattle market by the railroad as a means of transport brought with it an increasing number of middlemen who delivered to Vienna-based slaughterhouse cattle dealers who sold the cattle at the cattle market. By granting loans to buyers and sellers, they increasingly controlled the market. In order to break the supremacy of the slaughter cattle dealers, the cattle and meat cash register was introduced by law in 1850. All payment transactions had to be processed via this cash register operated by the city when butchers from Vienna bought cattle for the needs in Vienna.

Since those involved in the cattle trade soon adapted to the new circumstances, a group that dominated the market developed again over the next few years. Because of this and other evils, on June 1, 1870, the meat tax office was lifted instead of being reformed.

On March 30, 1884, a new market regulation for the Viennese central cattle market was issued and with it the Viennese cattle and meat market cash desk was founded. Even before the new market organization came into force, Hungarian fatteners and important commissioning companies joined forces in the fight against the new market organization. After this came into force, a new cattle market was set up in Pressburg at its own expense. The first market day here took place on April 21, 1884. After the market regulations were changed on January 13, 1888, the last cattle market was held in Pressburg on February 27.

The Vienna Vieh- und Fleischmarktkasse was also closed with the closure of the Vienna Central Cattle Market.

Other animal markets

In addition to the central cattle market in Sankt Marx existed in Vienna

  • the municipal horse market at Siebenbrunnenfeldgasse 1 in Margareten : horses, donkeys, mules and mules were traded twice a week in the market built between 1883 and 1885. From 1951 the Theodor-Körner-Hof was built here.
  • The municipal piglet market was opened in Floridsdorf in 1925 . Once a week, the farmers from Floridsdorf in particular were able to meet their needs for piglets and piglets for rearing.

Web links

Commons : Zentral-Viehmarkt St. Marx  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

literature

  • Vienna at the beginning of the XX. Century - A leader in technical and artistic direction. Published by the Austrian Association of Engineers and Architects, first volume, published by Gerlach & Wiedling, Vienna 1905.
  • Das neue Wien, Städtewerk, published with the official cooperation of the municipality of Vienna. Volume II, Vienna 1927.
  • Das neue Wien, Städtewerk, published with the official cooperation of the municipality of Vienna. Volume III, Vienna 1927.
  • The country road in old and new times - a home book. Published by Landstraßer teachers, Verlag von Gerlach and Wiedling, Vienna, 1921.
  • 50 Years of the Vienna Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa - A memorial written on behalf of the board of this institute. From the chairman of the section i. R. Karl Schwarz, Vienna 1934.
  • 75 years of the Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa in Vienna - A contribution from the Genossenschaftliche Zentralbank Aktiengesellschaft on the processing of payment transactions on the Vienna Central Cattle Market in St. Marx since 1884. Manufactured under the supervision of Section Head i. R. Karl Schwarz, from chief authorized signatory Robert Kogler and Dr. Anton Halbwachs, Vienna 1959.
  • The new pig slaughterhouse in III. Districts in Vienna. Publishing house of the magistrate of the imperial capital and residence city of Vienna, Vienna 1910.
  • Albert Miorini Edler von Sebtenberg: The slaughter cattle market St. Marx. In: Twenty-second annual report of the agricultural school "Francisco-Josephinum" in Mödling. Publishing house of the agricultural college, 1891.
  • Technical guide through Vienna. Published by the Austrian Association of Engineers and Architects, edited by Ing. Martin Paul (urban planning inspector), Gerlach & Wiedling publishing house, Vienna 1910.

Footnotes

  1. a b Albert Miorini Edler von Sebtenberg: The cattle market St. Marx.
  2. a b c The new Vienna. Volume II.
  3. Central-Viehmarkt - History of the Viennese Markets
  4. a b Vienna City Hall Correspondence. July 14, 1955, sheet 1293.
  5. architektenlexikon.at .
  6. Schmidgruber, Anton . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 30 : Scheffel – Siemerding . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1936, p. 130 .
  7. wien.gv.at
  8. ^ Vienna at the beginning of the XX. Century.
  9. The new pig slaughterhouse ...
  10. Herwig Czech: 70 years ago: Western secret services in Soviet Vienna, expedition to destroyed Vienna. ORF.at, June 3, 2015 science.orf.at .
  11. wien-vienna.at ( Memento of the original from February 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wien-vienna.at
  12. 50 years of the Vienna Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa. Vienna 1934.

Coordinates: 48 ° 11 ′ 16.6 ″  N , 16 ° 24 ′ 21.2 ″  E