Viennese cattle and meat market cashier
The Vienna Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa served as a legal part of the Vienna Central Cattle Market for lending and payment transactions on the Central Cattle Market in Sankt Marx . With its legal basis, it took a special position vis-à-vis similar and similar institutions as its original model, the " Caisse de Poissy " in Paris, organized under private law .
history
In 1850, the Wiener Fleischkassa was founded as a legally mandated institution to break the supremacy of slaughter cattle dealers on the Viennese central cattle market in Sankt Marx. This succeeded in the first few years of its existence, but in the course of time similar structures formed again as before the foundation. Instead of a reform of the meat kassa, this was repealed and the Vienna Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa was founded.
Viennese meat kiosk
Due to the size of the catchment area and the associated, sometimes large distances, companies from slaughterhouse cattle dealers established themselves in Vienna , who bought cattle from dealers in the production areas and sold them on the central cattle market. In order to ensure a regular inflow of cattle, but also their sale, they granted both buyers and buyers loans . Due to these financial dependencies, these companies dominated the market and made it difficult for smaller traders to access the market.
In 1849, 40 butchers turned to Emperor Franz Joseph I with a request to set up a meat shop to make them independent of entrepreneurs and their loans.
The mayor of Vienna Ignaz Czapka , who took such an institution founded in Poissy in 1779 as a model, dealt with the question of a meat kiosk .
In the “ Provisional Law on the Regulation of the Butcher's Trade and Establishment of a Meat Cashier ” of June 25, 1850, this request was complied with.
The new law or the meat kassa should
- enable every local butcher to purchase the required slaughter cattle at the central cattle market for cash,
- Giving cattle dealers and ranchers the security of receiving cash for slaughter cattle sold on the central cattle market for Vienna,
- regulate the slaughtered cattle trade, provide increased feed and lower meat prices and
- to be able to provide supplies to Vienna in an emergency.
It was also determined that all slaughter cattle that were bought at the central cattle market from Viennese butchers for consumption in Vienna had to be paid for through the meat kiosk.
With the establishment of the Fleischkassa, the dominant trading entrepreneurs lost their importance, but the previously rather insignificant group of people who had earned their living with all kinds of auxiliary services became increasingly important. As “cattle commissioners”, taking advantage of the advantages offered by the existence of the meat market cash register, they got into a dominant position similar to that of the commercial entrepreneurs.
The primitive equipment of the cattle market, the gradual increase in speculation and the price-increasing middlemen in the cattle trade, deficiencies in sales methods and the inadequate organization of the meat kiosk led to the aprrovisioning enquette in 1869 and subsequently to the abolition of the meat kiosk on June 1, 1870.
Intermediate period
Since, with the irregular lending by the market commissioners to buyers and sellers, the same conditions prevailed as before the establishment of the Fleischkassa, the demand for a reform of the market business in the form of a separation of the credit business and the market business as well as for a Reform of sales terms noisy. In the years 1880 and 1881, the municipality of Vienna and the government finally sought and found a solution.
Viennese cattle and meat market cashier
A regulation by the Ministers of the Interior, Trade and Agriculture enacted a new market regulation on September 3, 1883 with Reichsgesetzblatt number 145, which came into force on March 30, 1884.
The most important point of the new market organization was the establishment of the Vienna Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa as a market credit institute and the appointment of sworn market agents. She was also now responsible for the pig trade.
According to the original market regulations, the tasks of the new Vienna Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa primarily included:
- Mediation of sales through the newly created sworn market agents as officially appointed organs. (However, the owners or their representatives, who were only allowed to represent this one client, were also allowed to appear as sellers.) This line of business, however, declined and was effectively given up after the First World War.
- the processing of sales made in the market
- granting credit to buyers
- the granting of advances on animals to be sold through the cattle and meat market cash register
- Loans to established sellers of livestock in the market
- the granting of loans to farmers and industries for fattening purposes
- the provision of various auxiliary businesses with their position on the cattle market.
On February 28, 1884, the kk agriculture ministry commissioned the Allgemeine Depositenbank, initially for 15 years, to set up the Vienna Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa and to run it independently of its other business. Until the First World War, these terms of entrustment were extended several times.
Since no other salespeople or commissioners were allowed apart from the Vienna Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa, Hungarian breeders allied with more important commissioning companies. With the help of the city of Pressburg , they set up a cattle market there at their own expense, on which the first market day took place on April 21, 1884. On the Viennese central cattle market, the upward trend increased despite the new competition, while the Bratislava cattle market was able to hold its own despite stagnating numbers. After a ministerial ordinance of January 13, 1888 once again allowed authorized salespeople to work for more than one client - in fact, commissioners were re-admitted - the last market day took place at the cattle market in Pressburg on February 27, 1888.
Because of the high inflation and the generally bad situation on the money and capital markets, after the First World War the Ministry of Agriculture also entrusted the General Depositenbank in addition to the general deposit bank
- Centralbank of the German savings banks and the
- Lower Austrian farmers' bank each with a quarter of all rights and obligations of the general deposit bank.
At the end of June 1924 the Allgemeine Depositenbank had to be placed under commercial supervision and the Austrian Credit Institute for Public Enterprises and Works took its place. A little later the Central Bank of the German Savings Banks and the Niederösterreichische Bauernbank were liquidated.
As a preventive measure, the Vienna Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa was entered as a company in the commercial register for sole proprietorships at the Vienna Commercial Court in 1924 . Since it was to be expected that other banks entrusted with the management of the cattle and meat market cash register would collapse, the cash register was given its own legal personality in the form of an independent fund when the Federal Chancellery announced on January 12, 1927.
With the handling of the business, the
- Allgemeine Österreichischen Bodencreditanstalt, the
- Lower Austrian Escompte Society, the
- Austrian Creditanstalt for Trade and Industry, the
- Unionbank, des
- Wiener Bankverein and the
- Central European Länderbank commissioned the existing banking group.
After Austria was annexed to the Third Reich , the Wiener Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa fund was dissolved on October 26, 1938 by a decision of the Ministry for Internal and Cultural Affairs. The Wiener Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa company was deleted from the Vienna Commercial Court.
The tasks of the Vienna Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa within the meaning of the market regulation for the central cattle market were confirmed in a guideline issued by the Ministry of Agriculture in Vienna on September 30, 1938 for the “ Management of the Girozentrale der Austrian Cooperatives, Department Vienna Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa ”.
On May 15, 1939, the Girozentrale of the Austrian cooperatives was transformed into the " Genossenschaftliche Zentralbank der Ostmark Aktiengesellschaft " and its previous Central Cattle Market department was converted into the " Central Cattle Market Branch " with an entry in the commercial register of the Vienna Commercial Court on January 25, 1941. The change to the company name " Genossenschaftliche Zentralbank Aktiengesellschaft " took place on February 9, 1953.
Because of the war events, the shops on the Zentralviehmarkt and thus also the local " branch Zentralviehmarkt " came to a standstill, whose branch on Landstrasse (" Nebenzweigstelle Großmarkthalle ") in the Großmarkthalle resumed its functions shortly after the fighting ended in 1945.
Market operations at the central cattle market and thus also at the cattle and meat market cash register only got going with the abolition of the official management of cattle and meat. After the market authority had established the full effectiveness of the market regulation from 1933, the institute was requested to issue drive certificates for properly paid slaughter cattle from February 13, 1950, which showed the animal sold as having been properly paid and thus entitles them to leave the cattle market .
The “ Market Regulation for the Vienna Central Cattle Market in St. Marx ”, which came into force on March 26, 1933 , and whose VII. Section laid down special provisions for the Vienna Cattle and Meat Market Cashier, was amended by the Federal Law Gazette BGBl. I No. 191/1999 canceled with effect from December 31, 1999 as a result of the closure of the central livestock market.
Mast credit law and cattle pawn book
In the interwar period , too , a large proportion of the slaughter cattle traded on the central cattle market did not come from Austria . In order to strengthen domestic production, the federal law of June 30, 1932 on the pledging of cattle for fattening credits (fattening credit law) was passed.
This made it possible for farmers who wanted to fatten cattle in addition to their own needs, to take out a so-called fattening loan to buy animals. These animals were marked with a brand in the horn, which was usually the responsibility of the mayor.
In addition to this marking, these cattle were also entered in the so-called “ Viehpfandbuch ”, a public register similar to the land register. Only the Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa was authorized to keep this cattle deposit book in Austria, which was still the case in 1983.
According to the Mastkreditgesetz, only two or three other institutions were authorized to issue pledge-secured mast credits in addition to the existing company, Wiener Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa.
literature
- 50 years of the Vienna Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa - A commemorative document written by the chairman of the section head i. R. Karl Schwarz, Vienna, 1934
- 75 years of the Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa in Vienna - A contribution from the Genossenschaftliche Zentralbank Aktiengesellschaft on the processing of payment transactions on the Vienna Central Cattle Market in St. Marx since 1884 , produced under the supervision of Section Head i. R. Karl Schwarz, from chief authorized signatory Robert Kogler and Dr. Anton Halbwachs, Vienna, 1959
- Dorothea Kapeller-Zwölfer: The historical structural change of a special banking institute using the example of the Genossenschaftliche Zentralbank AG branch Zentralviehmarkt from 1884 to 1982 - as well as the development of the meat wholesale market during this period , diploma thesis, Vienna, 1983
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Bundesnormen/NOR12129418/NOR12129418.html
- ^ Dorothea Kapeller-Zwölfer: The historical structural change
- ↑ 75 years of the Vieh- und Fleischmarktkassa in Vienna