Bellariastrasse
| Bellariastrasse | |
|---|---|
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| Basic data | |
| place | Vienna |
| District | Inner city |
| Created | 1869 |
| Connecting roads | Burggasse (southwest) |
| Cross streets | Burgring , Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring , Hansenstrasse, Museumstrasse, Museumplatz |
| Buildings | Natural History Museum , formerly Palais Epstein |
| use | |
| User groups | Car traffic , bicycle traffic , pedestrians , underground lines U2, U3, tram lines 1, 2, 71, 46, 49, D, bus lines 2A, 48A |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | approx. 200 meters |
The Bellariastraße located on the 1st Viennese district of Inner City . It was named Bellaria in 1869 after a former porch of the Hofburg .
history
In the Middle Ages, the area of today's Bellariastraße belonged to the suburb in front of the Widmertor. After the construction of the Vienna city wall , the unobstructed area of the glacis has been here since the 16th century . Since the fortifications no longer made any sense militarily in the course of time, the glacis turned into a local recreation area and was completely removed in the middle of the 19th century. The demolition of the city walls between 1861 and 1863 was followed in 1865 by the construction of the Vienna Ringstrasse and the redesign and development of the surrounding areas. In the course of this, Bellariastraße, opened in 1869, was also built. It got its name from a porch of the Hofburg, which formed a plateau over which one could drive up to the imperial living quarters by car. Bellariastraße is in a straight line from this former building, across the Ringstraße.
Location and characteristics
Bellariastraße runs behind the Natural History Museum from Ringstraße, where it forms the border between Burgring and Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring , in a south-westerly direction to the former freight road, where the border between Museumsplatz and Museumstraße runs again. Beyond that, Bellariastraße continues in Burggasse.
Although the road is very wide, it was designed in such a way that through traffic for cars is only possible to a very limited extent, namely only in the direction of the ring road on one lane. The other direction of travel is accessible from the middle of Bellariastraße from Hansenstraße, the other section up to the ring forms a dead end and is only used for access. In the middle of Bellariastraße are the tracks for tram lines 46 and 49, which have their terminus at the Ringstraße in front of the city school council building. The bus line 48A and line 2A also go here. The Volkstheater underground station on the U3 line is located under Bellariastraße . Since the tram lines running on the Ringstraße have their stops at Bellariastraße, and the U2 underground line also has a station at the other end , Bellariastraße is a very important transfer zone for public transport. Pedestrian traffic is to a large extent made up of tourists. In addition to the Natural History Museum, tourist buses can stop, numerous sights, museums and the Volkstheater are in the immediate vicinity.
Because of the planned layout of the street, the building is designed uniformly in the historicist style; all buildings here are under monument protection . On the side opposite the Natural History Museum there are several restaurants and coffee houses, but also some shops. There is a green zone in front of the museum.
building
No. 1 Natural History Museum
→ see main article Natural History Museum
The Natural History Museum, whose main address is Burgring 7, is one of the most outstanding magnificent buildings in the Ringstrasse zone. It was built between 1871 and 1891 by the architects Carl von Hasenauer and Gottfried Semper in neo-renaissance style. It houses one of the largest natural science collections in Europe, which originally goes back to the private collection of Emperor Franz I Stephan . It consists of mineralogical-petrographic, geological-paleontological, botanical, zoological, anthropological and prehistoric departments. The most prominent collection item is the approximately 25,000 year old Venus von Willendorf .
The iconology of the facade sculpture of the museum was developed by Gottfried Semper. In doing so he assigned the side facing Bellariastrasse to the Tellurian Empire. The mezzanine floor is devoted to inventing new means of sensory perception. In the basement of the central risalit there are arched gusset figures depicting the earth and light connected deities by Hugo Haerdtl , in the metope fields you can see genii with inventions from antiquity and modern times by L. Etzmannsdorfer. Anton Paul Wagner created the side seated figures of Asia and Africa, the keystone heads with Flora , Zeus-Ammon and Vesta are from Carl Kundmann . The upper floor shows niche statues of travelers of ancient and modern times who have expanded human horizons. On the side of Bellariastraße these are Iason and Kolaios (both by Alois Düll ) on the left, Noah and Moses (both by Alois Düll) in the middle and Alexander the Great and Gaius Iulius Caesar (both by Franz Becher) on the right. On the parapet balustrade there are figures of representatives of an independent striving of reason for knowledge. These are al-Masʿūdī by Emanuel Alexius Swoboda, Paulos by Aigina by Josef Anton Probst, Kosmas Indicopleustes by Robert Weigl , Oreibasios by Karl Lahner , Claudius Ptolemy , Galenos and Pliny the Elder by Franz Mittellechner, Pedanios Dioscurides and Strabon by Alexander Mailler , Theophrastus of Eresos by Leopold Schrödl , Aristotle and Herodotus by Josef Rößner, Empedocles and Anaxagoras by Friedrich Beer .
No. 2 Palais Epstein
→ see main article Palais Epstein
The former Palais Epstein is at the main address Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring 1. It was created by Theophil von Hansen from 1868 to 1871 in the neo-renaissance style. The Administrative Court was located here until 1922 . It was then the seat of the Vienna City School Board , 1938–1945 Reichsbauamt, 1945–1955 Soviet command, and since 2004 a branch of the neighboring parliament building.
No. 4 residential building
The building is an early work by Otto Wagner , built in the historicist style in 1869/70. The facade in neo-Renaissance forms is based on Theophil Hansen. The base zone is embossed . Two columns flank the arched portal. On the upper floor there are side aedicule windows with caryatid herms over two bay windows. The attic zone has coupled pilasters . The foyer is also structured by pilasters.
No. 6 residential building
The house, freestanding on three sides, in the style of the Viennese Neo-Renaissance was built by Carl Schumann in 1870–1872 . It is located at the main address Hansenstrasse 2-6.
No. 8 residential building
The building complex in the style of the Viennese Neo-Renaissance was built by Carl Schumann in 1870–1872 and forms a uniform ensemble with the building opposite. The architect Theophil von Hansen lived and died here; a plaque commemorates him. On the side facing Bellariastraße is a remarkable foyer with layered pilasters, arcades and a dome between groin vaults with rich grotesque paintings. The house is at the main address Hansenstrasse 1–5.
No. 10 residential building
The house was built by Franz Fröhlich in the Viennese neo-renaissance style from 1870–1871 . The facade is dominated by additively lined up aedicule windows, which also have rusticated side elevations and balconies. Behind the arched portal is a pilaster-structured foyer with stucco marble paneling and stucco ceiling.
No. 12 residential building
The corner house on Museumstrasse belongs to the same ensemble as No. 8. It is at the main address Museumstrasse 2.
Under Bellariastraße
→ see main article U-Bahn-Station Volkstheater
Beneath the Ringstrasse is the Bellariapassage, built in 1961, which crosses under the Ring for pedestrians at the level of Bellariastrasse. At the other end of Bellariastraße, the Burggasse station of the underground tram line 2 was built in 1966 , which became the Volkstheater underground station on the U2 line from 1980. In the 1980s, the underground station of the same name on the U3 line was built between these two poles, which is connected to Bellariapassage and the U2 station, but is lower than this. It takes up the entire length of Bellariastraße. In 1986, Anton Lehmden decorated the station extensively with mosaic pictures consisting of 2 million smalts and broken stones in 200 color gradations. The mosaic is entitled The Becoming of Nature and shows on the front wall the emergence of the universe from the Big Bang and on the long sides beauty, growth and decay of nature.
literature
- Felix Czeike (Ed.): Bellariastraße. In: Historisches Lexikon Wien . Volume 1, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-218-00543-4 , p. 314 ( digitized version ).
- Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch Wien. 1st district - Inner City. Verlag Berger, Horn 2003, ISBN 3-85028-366-6 , pp. 648-649
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 21.1 ″ N , 16 ° 21 ′ 32.7 ″ E