Paulos of Aegina

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Title page of an early edition of the Works of Paul in the Latin translation by Johann Winter von Andernach (1542)

Paulos of Aegina , also Paulos of Aegina and in Latin Paulus Aegineta ( f. 1st half of the 7th century; it is assumed 625-690), was a Byzantine doctor. He came from the island of Aigina and lived in Alexandria around 640 .

It is unclear whether Paulos von Aigina was a Christian. He was working as a doctor in Alexandria, where he had also studied, when the city was conquered by the Arabs in 642. He probably still worked there after the conquest. Nothing more is known about his life. An epigram known from several manuscripts describes him as periodeutes ( traveling doctor ).

As the last of its kind, an encyclopedia from Paulos of Aigina has been preserved, which has come down to us without a title, but due to its introduction is also called Medical Collections (also known as "Memorabilia", Greek Hypomnema ). This kompendienartige manual of practical medicine ( Medicina pragmateia shortly Pragmateia ) consists of seven books: 1. Hygiene and dietetics, second fevers, 3. Topographically from head to toe classified diseases 4. Skin diseases and disorders of the intestines, 5. Toxicology , 6. Surgery (with gynecology and surgical obstetrics ) and 7. Drug therapy .

Paulos saw his work in the tradition of Oreibasios , but it should be more complete and easier to use than his work and still not go beyond a simple manual. Sources were mainly Oreibasios, but also the basic works of Hippocrates of Kos , Soranos , Pedanios Dioscurides , Galen and Aëtios of Amida .

There may be another work by Paulos on gynecology, as suggested by Arabic sources. However, it is just as possible that only the part on gynecology from his sixth book was circulated in an independent form. His gynecological work was so valued in Arab times that he was nicknamed "Obstetrician".

Paulos' work has come down to us in various manuscripts. It is possible that the books were rearranged in late antiquity , at least the sixth and seventh books seem to have been divided into two volumes. Arabic translations have existed since the 9th century. The work was also very well received in Arabic medicine. Paulos was not known in Latin literature until the 11th century, and then only partially. He became better known since the 12th century, but only through quotations in the translated works of Arabic-speaking medical professionals. In the 12./13. Century was the doctor and Sunni jurist JurAbd ar-Rahmān ibn Nasr al-Shaizarī in his handbook on the market supervision ( Nihāyat ar-rutba fī ṭalab al-ḥisba , "The highest degree in the study of Hisba"; short: Hisba ) the sixth book des Aiginaten as a basis for the assessment of bone locus. The entire work was published for the first time in Venice by Francesco D'Ascola in 1528. Many editions from the 16th century exist.

Carl von Linné named the genus Aeginetia of the summer root plant family (Orobanchaceae) in honor of Paulos .

expenditure

  • Johann Winter (translator): Pauli Aeginetae Opus de re medica . Attached works: Adiectis in eundem doctissimis et quam utilissimis annotationibus ab eodem Andernaco elucubratis cum indice copiosissimo . Venetiis 1542 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • Janus Cornarius . Pauli Aeginetae totius Rei Medicae Libri VII … Hervagius, Basel 1556 (digitized version )
  • Francis Adams (translator): The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, Vol. 1 . London 1844.
  • Julius Berendes (translator): Des Paulos von Aegina Outline of the entire medicine in seven books . Janus 1 (1908)
  • Paulos' of Aegina, the best physician, seven books: with an appendix: The Roman baths, the older physicians occurring in Paulos, and two tables . Translated and annotated by Julius Berendes . With a foreword by R. Kobert, Leiden: Brill, 1914. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • Johan Ludvig Heiberg (ed.): Paulus Aegineta. Hypomnema. I – II, Leipzig and Berlin 1921–1924 (= Corpus medicorum graecorum , IX, 1–2)
  • Ancient healing art. Selected texts , edited by Jutta Kollesch and Diethard Nickel, Philipp Reclam jun., Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 978-3-15-009305-4
  • Mario Tabanelli: Studi sulla chirurgia bizantina: Paolo di Egina. Florence 1964 (= Bibliotheca della 'Rivista di storia delle scienze mediche e naturali' , 13).

literature

  • Elżbieta Szabat: Paulos. In: Paweł Janiszewski, Krystyna Stebnicka, Elżbieta Szabat: Prosopography of Greek Rhetors and Sophists of the Roman Empire. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2015, ISBN 978-0-19-871340-1 , p. 412.
  • Peter E. Pormann: The Oriental Tradition of Paul of Aegina's Pragmateia. Brill, Leiden / Boston 2004.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart: History of Medicine. 2nd, completely revised edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 1994, p. 76.
  2. ^ Friedrun R. Hau: Paulos von Aegina. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1116.
  3. ^ Carl von Linné: Critica Botanica . Leiden 1737, p. 91; Carl von Linné: Genera Plantarum . Leiden 1742, p. 304; Umberto Quattrocchi: CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology , 2000, p. 55.
personal data
SURNAME Paulos of Aegina
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Paul of Aegina; Paulou Aiginētou; Pauli Aeginetae
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Alexandrian medic
DATE OF BIRTH before 642
DATE OF DEATH after 642