Janus Cornarius

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Janus Cornarius

Janus Cornarius (also: Janus Cornarus and Johann Hagenbut ; actually Johann Haynpol or Hainpol ; * 1500 in Zwickau , †  March 16, 1558 in Jena ) was a German humanist , doctor , author, philologist , translator and university professor .

Life

Cornarius initially enrolled at the University of Leipzig in 1517 , mainly engaged in medical studies and on September 13, 1518 acquired the degree of baccalaureus from Petrus Mosellanus . On May 30, 1519 he moved to the University of Wittenberg and on January 24, 1521 obtained the degree of a Magister artium . In the same year he took over a professorship for Latin and Greek grammar at the Philosophical Faculty. On December 9, 1523, he obtained a licentiate in medicine and was admitted to the Senate of the Medical Faculty. He made a name for himself through clear translations of Greek authors into Latin, especially in the medical field. However, he soon left the Wittenberg faculty and began a steady travel life.

After Cornarius received his doctorate in medicine in Italy, he traveled and taught, among other places, in the Netherlands , where he met Erasmus von Rotterdam and lived with Simon Reichwein in Leuven , as well as in France , England and Livonia (Baltic States).

Cornarius worked as a city ​​physician in Zwickau, Nordhausen and Frankfurt am Main .

From 1542 to 1546 he was professor of medicine in Marburg (Lahn) and in 1557 went to the newly founded (Protestant) Jena University , where he became the first dean of the medical faculty. As an important representative of philological medicine, he translated numerous ancient Greek manuscripts into the Latin language. In doing so, he brought together almost the entire medical knowledge of his time and made it usable for the training of students .

Accordingly, his works had a great influence on the medicine of the time, which was based primarily on the ancient authorities Galen and Hippocrates , as well as on the medieval scholars Avicenna and Averroes . Contemporary scholars such as Vesal or Paracelsus received less attention, but the study of botany and medicinal herbs did .

Much of Cornarius' publications were printed in Basel , where he became friends with Erasmus. Cornarius contributed to philosophy a translation of the Aristotle commentary by Pachymeres , which appeared in a complete edition with the writings of a Platonist in Paris in 1553.

Works (selection)

Philosophy and theology

medicine

Polemics

In the 1540s, Cornarius took part in a dispute between the publishers Christian Egenolff (Frankfurt) and Michael Isingrin (1500–1557) (Basel), as well as between the authors Walther Hermann Ryff and Leonhart Fuchs . The grounds for dispute were violated vanities and alleged violations of copyrights. After Fuchs had a pamphlet printed and distributed in Basel against the Frankfurt publisher Egenolff, Cornarius responded in 1545-46 with three pamphlets from Egenolff:

  • Orationes in Leonhartum Fuchsium, Sive Fuchseides III. I: Vulpecula excoriata, II: Vulpecula excoriata asservata, Sive Nitra ac brabyla, pro Vulpecula excoriata asservanda, III: Vulpeculae Catastrophe, seu qui debeat esse scopus, modus, ac fructus contentionum. (Three pamphlets 1545–46 individually, printed together in 1546.) Christian Egenolf, Frankfurt am Main, 1546 (digitized)

In 1548, Fuchs replied with another polemic.

literature

  • E. Herzog: Two old physicate appointments from the years 1523 and 1546. In: United German journal for state medicine. Vol. 3 (1848), pp. 194–200 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  • August Hirsch :  Cornarius, Janus . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 481.
  • Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz: Cornarius, Janus. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. Volume 1, De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-019703-7 , p. 274 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  • Hans Theodor Koch: The Wittenberg Medical Faculty (1502–1652). A biobibliographical overview. In: Stefan Oehmig: Medicine and social affairs in Central Germany during the Reformation. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2007, ISBN 978-3-374-02437-7
  • Heinz Scheible : Melanchthon's correspondence. Vol. 11: People A – E. Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 2003.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hofheinz 2007
  2. ^ WL Schreiber. The herbal books of the XV. and XVI. Century. Appendix to the reprint of the Garden of Health . Verlag der Münchner Drucke 1924, pp. XXXVII-XXXVIII
  3. ↑ Leonhart Fuchs. Adversus mendaces et christiano homine indignas, Christiani Egenolphi typographi Francofortani, suique architecti calumnias, Leonharti Fuchsii medici responsio . Basel 1545 (digitized version)
  4. ^ First individual writing: Janus Cornarius. Vulpecula excoriata . Christian Egenolf, Frankfurt am Main, 1545 (digitized version)
  5. ↑ Leonhart Fuchs. Coronarius furens . Basel 1548 (digitized version)
personal data
SURNAME Cornarius, Janus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cornarus, Janus; Hagenbut, Johann; Haynpol, Johann (real name); Hainpol, Johann (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor
DATE OF BIRTH 1500
PLACE OF BIRTH Zwickau
DATE OF DEATH March 16, 1558
Place of death Jena