Walther Hermann Ryff

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The proportions of the body, from Walther Hermann Ryff: Architektur , 1547

Walther Hermann Ryff , also Ryf , Reif (f) and Ru (e) ff , latinized Gualtherus Hermenius Rivius , Ryffus (* around 1500 perhaps in Strasbourg ; † September 29, 1548 in Würzburg ) was an author of humanism and probably also a medical doctor Active pharmacist who dealt primarily with medical, anatomical, philosophical and architectural-theoretical topics.

Life

According to the opinion of some biographers, Ryff learned the profession of pharmacist because he worked as a pharmacist in Güstrow, Mecklenburg in the 1530s. Ryff is likely to have stayed longer in the Mecklenburg area. He married Anna, whose family name is unknown. Ryff referred to himself as a "medicus" or "surgeon", but probably had no training as a doctor. Therefore, the thesis that Ryff was a city doctor after his return to Strasbourg and thus the successor of none other than Hieronymus Brunschwig is to be classified as doubtful. Ryff lived and worked in Frankfurt am Main , Mainz , Nuremberg , Kulmbach and, from 1548, in Würzburg . Often the date of Ryff's death is given as “around 1562” or “before 1562”. In fact, he died in Würzburg on September 29, 1548, his wife Anna on July 15, 1553.

Act

Medical writings

Ryff published a variety of works, especially numerous medical treatises. Some of the Ryff works achieved considerably high numbers of copies for the time. However, he was repeatedly accused of plagiarism . Leonhart Fuchs described Ryff as an “extremely outrageous, reckless, fraudulent writer.” The Nuremberg Scholarly Lexicon of 1757 also mentions allegations of plagiarism in the medical field, whereby Fuchs and Conrad Gessner are mentioned by name.

He published some of his early works with Balthasar Beck under the pseudonym "Apollinaris", for example the gynecological-obstetric text Ein neue Albertus Magnus or the short handbook and experiment of many medicines - through the whole body of the human being . Balthasar Beck in Strasbourg also published the anatomical work Des man's description or anatomy . In Hans von Gersdorff "Field Book of Wundarzney" Ryff book goes city and booking sheet reinforced wound drug back. In 1545, Christian Egenolff in Frankfurt am Main published Ryff's Large Surgery . His book Iatromathematicae (1542) deals with astrological aspects of medicine. His Destillierbuch of 1545 is by Jean de Roquetaillade affected

Around 1548 Ryff had published "the first treatment of dentistry in German that was independent of medicine".

Due to his extensive oeuvre and its wide distribution due to the number of copies, especially in the field of medicine and surgery, Ryff found its way into medical historiography.

Architectural theory

Walther Ryff published the Latin text of the ten books by the ancient architect Vitruvius in Strasbourg in 1543 .

A little later he first published a German commentary on Vitruvius, the so-called architecture , in Nuremberg in 1547 , and then in 1548 presented the first German translation of Vitruvius, Vitruvius Teutsch , a major work of the German-language architectural theory of the Renaissance. The actual text from antiquity is illustrated and commented here; in making these additions, Ryff relied primarily on the Vitruvius edition by Cesariano (Venice 1521) and the architectural treatises by Sebastiano Serlio .

Its contribution to the expansion of Renaissance architecture north of the Alps can hardly be overestimated.

Fonts (selection)

Confect Büchlin and Hausz Apoteck. 1544
  • 1541 De Memoria Artificiali Quam Memoratiuam Artem Vocant , Beck, Strasbourg (microfiche reprint Saur, 1991. Microfiche no. F1729-F1730: 25x)
  • 1541 A well-founded, useful and healing handbook, common practice of the whole body art scene. Strasbourg 1541.
  • 1541 Versehung Leibs and Seel , C. Egenolff, Frankfurt / Main (microfiche reprint Saur, 1992. Microfiche no. F3731: 45x)
  • 1541 Right and useful use, orderly mixing and preparation of all laxatives, purging or driving Artzney , Beck, Strasbourg (microfiche reprint Saur, 1990. Microfiche no. E286-E287: 45x)
  • 1542 Iatromathematicae, he medicationis accomodatae ad astrologicam rationem enchiridion , Strasbourg
  • 1542 Medicinae theoricae et practicae breve… , Johann Knobloch for Georg Messerschmid, Strasbourg (with excerpts from Aulus Cornelius Celsus )
  • 1543 M. Vitruvii… de architectura libri decem… nvnc primum in Germania qva potuit diligentia excusi, atq. hinc inde schematibus non iniucundis exornati… , Strasbourg (first Latin edition of the ten books of Vitruvius printed in Germany; digitized version )
  • 1544 Confect Büchlin and Hausz Apoteck. Frankfurt am Main (other editions, e.g. 1552 and 1584, up to 1610); Reprint Munich 1983.
  • 1545 The new great distillation book, well-founded artificial distillation , C. Egenolff, Frankfurt / Main
  • 1545 The great surgeon or perfect wondrous doctor. The actual report and contents of the surgical handwork are all related to the surgeon [...]. By Gwaltarum H. Ryff. Chr. Egenolff, Frankfurt am Main; another (two-volume) edition ibid 1559–1562.
  • 1545 Frawen Rosengarten , C. Egenolff, Frankfurt / Main
  • 1547 The five manirs of the Colons ... , Johann Petreius, Nuremberg ( digitized version )
  • 1547 The most important, most necessary, mathematical and mechanical art belonging to the whole architecture, an eygent report, and vastly clear, comprehensible instruction, rightly understood the teaching Vitruuij, divided into three furneme books ... , Johann Petreius, Nuremberg (in literature also referred to as Architecture ; reprint G. Olms, 1981; digitized )
  • 1548 Vitruvius Teutsch. Nemlichen of all namhafftigisten UN hocherfahrnesten Roman Architecti vnd artful Werck ten books of the Architectur and artificial bawen ... , Nürnberg ( Digitalisat the Heidelberg University Library ; Digitalisat )
  • 1548 Of stone, sand and grit in the kidneys, loins and bladders ... first origin, angular and thorough causes , Myller, Würzburg
  • 1548 Useful report on how one should keep the eyes and face, where they are deficient, mere dark or darkened, sheared, healthy, stiffened and confirmed. [...] With far more excellent instructing How to Mundt, the Zaen and Biller fresh, pure, clean, healthy, Starck and to get [...]. Würzburg (Johann Myller) around 1548.
  • 1549 New healing and useful bathing fart […] , Myller (Johann Müller), Würzburg (microfiche reprint Saur, 1990. Microfiche no. E1085: 45x)
  • 1551 Stat and Feldtbuch evaluator Wundtartznei , C. Egenolff, Frankfurt / Main
  • 1555 New cookbook for the sick , C. Egenolffs Erben, Frankfurt / Main (reprinted by Lindau Antiqua-Verlag, 1979)
  • 1555 Practicing booklet evaluator Leibartznei , C. Egenolff, Frankfurt / Main
  • 1555 Spiegel, and Regiment der Gesundtheyt , C. Egenolff, Frankfurt / Main (microfiche reprint Saur, 1991. Microfiche no. F1878-F1880: 22x)
  • 1559 New invented and honored Artzney, certain hülff and Raht , Emmel, Strasbourg
  • 1560 treatise of 5 pages in: Novenianus, Philipp Michael and Walther Hermann Ryff: Vom Bauchflus, so the Rotewehe, or the Roterhur, Dysenteria is called, item of the abdominal flow called Diarrhia, which generally takes care before the Rotenwehe , Georg Hantzsch, Weissenfels
  • 1573 Reformed Deütsche Apoteck , Rihel, Strasbourg
  • 1593 Confect book and Hauß Apoteck , Egenolffs Erben, Frankfurt ( digitized version )
    • 1610 Confect // book vnnd Hauß Apoteck: artificially to be ready / canned / vnnd use / Weß in tidy apotecks ​​/ vnnd housekeeping for artzney / daily notturfft / vnnd also for pleasure / useful and use .. , Steinmeyer, Frankfurt / Main 1610 ( digitized )
  • 1599 Apollonaris, Quintos (pseudonym): Kurtzes handbook and experiment of many artzneyen, through the whole body of the human being, from the head to the foot , Rihel, Strasbourg
  • 1678 New Albertus Magnus: From Wives and Births of Children , [Sl], 1678 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
    • Kurtze's handbook and experiment of many artzneyes through the whole body of the human being from the head bit on the feet: Sampt lively abcontrafacture of several of the most important and most common herbs and distilled water from them, strength and virtue. Short handbook and experiment by many doctors ... / experienced and reinforced by ... Q. Apollinarem himself. - Jetzund von newem ... increased and improved , Städel, Strasbourg 1700 ( digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf )

literature

  • Carl Jessen :  Apollinaris: Quintus . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 507.
  • Heinrich Röttinger: The woodcuts to architecture and Vitruvius in German of Walther Rivius. Heitz, Strasbourg 1914.
  • Ralf Vollmuth : Traumatology and field surgery at the turn of the Middle Ages to modern times. Illustrated as an example based on the "Great Surgery" by Walther Hermann Ryff. Steiner, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-515-07742-1 .
  • Ralf Vollmuth: Ryff, Walther Hermann. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1277.
  • Hanno-Walter Kruft: History of Architectural Theory. From antiquity to the present. 5th edition. Beck, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-406-30767-1 , p. 78.
  • Gundolf Keil :  Ryff, Walther Hermann. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 310 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Julian Jachmann: The architecture books of Walter Hermann Ryff. Vitruvian Reception in the Context of Mathematical Sciences. Ibidem, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-89821-584-9 .
  • Bernd Evers (Ed.): Architectural Theory. From the renaissance to the present. Taschen, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-8228-5082-9 .
  • Alexander Marr: Walter Ryff. Plagiarism and Imitation in Sixteenth-Century Germany. In: Print Quarterly. Vol. 31, H. 2, June 2014, pp. 131-144.
  • Josef Benzing : Walther H. Ryff and his literary work: A bibliography. Hamburg 1959; also in: Philobiblion 2, 1958, pp. 126-154 and 203-226.

Web links

Commons : Walther Hermann Ryff  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alexander Marr: Walther Ryff. Plagiarism and Imitation in Sixteenth-Century Germany. In: Print Quarterly. Volume 31, No. 2, 2014, 2, pp. 131-144.
  2. ↑ Karin Kranich: Walther Hermann Ryff , Innsbruck 2011, slide 5. Online
  3. ↑ Walther Hermann Ryff: Useful report, [...] How to keep the mouth, the Zän and Biller fresh, pure, clean, healthy, strong and firm. Johann Myller, Würzburg (around 1548).
  4. ↑ Ullrich Rainer Otte: Jakob Calmann Linderer (1771-1840). A pioneer in scientific dentistry. Medical dissertation, Würzburg 2002, p. 16.
  5. ↑ The new large distillation book, well-founded artificial distillation at Heidelberg University Library
personal data
SURNAME Ryff, Walther Hermann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rivius, Gualtherus Hermenius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German humanist publicist
DATE OF BIRTH around 1500
PLACE OF BIRTH uncertain: Strasbourg
DATE OF DEATH September 29, 1548
Place of death Wurzburg