Wall (vienna)

Wall
coat of arms	map

Mauer (1894–1938: Mauer bei Wien ) is a formerly independent village, today part of the 23rd Viennese district of Liesing and one of the 89 Viennese cadastral communities .

geography

Parish church Mauer on Maurer Hauptplatz

Today's cadastral municipality of Mauer covers an area of ​​639.57 hectares and is thus the second largest district of Liesing after Inzersdorf .

The wine tavern and villa village is on the edge of the Vienna Woods and is one of the more expensive residential areas in Vienna. The cadastral community of Mauer borders in the north on the Hietzinger cadastral communities Auhof (see Lainzer Tiergarten and settlement in the former Lainzer Tiergarten ) and Rosenberg (in the Hietzinger district part Speising ), in the east on the Liesing district part Atzgersdorf , in the south on the district part Liesing and in the west on the Liesing district part of Kalksburg .

In the unobstructed west of the Wall there is part of the Vienna Woods with the Maurer Forest, also known as the community forest and bordering the Lainzer Tiergarten to the north . Here are the Wilde Berg ( 363  m ) and the Antonshöhe ( 356  m ), the two highest elevations in the district.

To the east of the Maurer Wald there are vineyards on the Kroißberg ( 326  m ) and Kadoltsberg ( 327  m ) with the vineyards Leiten and Rotdürren. To the south of it is the Georgenberg ( 328  m ) with the so-called Wotruba Church and the open-air planetarium Sterngarten, seen from the site in the apron of the Maurer Forest. At Rodauner Straße, the connection to this part of the district, the populated height 280 (from Georgenberg downhill) appears on the map as Maurer Berg.

The east of the district, beyond Maurer's main square, consists of three populated hills, separated by valleys and connected by the Wall and Speising aqueducts of the First Vienna High Spring Water Pipeline . These are - from north to south - the southern slope of the Rosenhügels ( 258  m ), the Steinberg ( 256  m ) and the Sauberg ( 259  m ). The part of the Steinberg with the Mauer cemetery facing Speisinger Straße is known as the Reiterberg.

The southern part of the Sauberg, which is already in the districts of Liesing and Rodaun, falls into the valley of the Liesingbach . The Asenbauergraben , the Knotzenbach near the Minichlacke and the Lindgrabenbach , which flow into brook channels , flow through the populated area towards Liesingbach at the eastern edge of the Maurer Forest . The Kalksburger Graben , which runs further south through Kalksburg, has its origin not far from the poplar pond in the south of the Maurer Forest .

The area of ​​Mauer belongs largely to the geological level of the Sarmatian . A small area south of the main square of Maurer is counted as a Badenium . The part of the Maurer Forest that slopes down to the Gütenbachtal is included in the southern flysch zone . The geological investigations during the construction of a water reservoir in the Lainzer Tiergarten near Mauer provided detailed information about the rocks on which the former municipality is located, and evidence of the activity of a small volcano was also found. Volcanic rocks ( picrites , tuffs ) were also observed in other places in the wall and its surroundings . Sea mussels have drilled holes in the rocks. It is estimated that the activity of the volcanoes took place around 12 million years ago and should therefore be classified in the Miocene .

history

Wall and its surroundings 1872 (recording sheet of the state survey)

In the Neolithic period was on the Antonshöhe in Mauer , a 1929 discovered Hornstein mine . The mined red patinating radiolarite is well suited for the production of flint tools . The oldest Austrian industrial monument is based on the finds to about 4000 BC. BC (younger painted ceramic culture / Lengyel culture ).

The first existing documentary mention of the place was dated 1210. In the Middle Ages , viticulture was introduced, which is still practiced in Mauer today. 1609 the place became the property of the Jesuits , the basic rule exercised until 1,773th 1775–1918 there were two barracks in Mauer .

In the Biedermeier period , the place became popular as a summer resort for wealthy Viennese. The feudal rule was abolished in 1848/1849, as in all of Austria; In 1850, Mauer was constituted as an autonomous local community of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns (Lower Austria). Today's Mauer cemetery was consecrated in 1867. In 1883 a steam tramway line from Hietzing to Perchtoldsdorf was led through Mauer; it was electrified, now line 60, in 1912 and runs to Rodaun until today.

In 1892 the eastern part of today's 13th district, Hietzing , was incorporated into Vienna; Wall became the immediate neighbor of the capital of the monarchy in the Speising district .

In 1908, Mauer in the north of the municipality ceded the area of ​​the Rosenberg cadastral community, newly formed on this occasion, to Vienna; A prerequisite for the Rothschild Foundation to set up a neurological hospital there by 1912.

The Wall Airport project was operated from 1925 to 1929 . In 1927, Mauer was raised to a market town in Lower Austria . On the day of the market survey, a large Wienerwald exhibition was opened in Mauer , accompanied, among other things, by a gathering of those interested in the Wienerwaldbahn .

On October 15, 1938, Mauer and many other surrounding communities were incorporated into Greater Vienna by the NSDAP dictatorship and since then, with the exception of the SAT settlement and neighboring settlements in front of the Lainzer Tiergarten , which came to the 13th district , it has belonged to the Liesing district; it was the 25th until 1954 and has been the 23rd district ever since .

From 1945–1955 , Mauer (like the entire district) did not belong to the four-sector city of Vienna under occupation law , but to Soviet-occupied Lower Austria. When many of the towns that were incorporated into Lower Austria returned to Lower Austria in 1954, Mauer remained in Vienna.

At the 1951 census in Austria the place had 7020 inhabitants. Today around 17,000 people live in Mauer.

Culture and sights

Wotruba Church on the Georgenberg

The Mauer parish church in the center of the village has a late Gothic choir as well as glass windows and mosaics by Albert Paris Gütersloh and was heavily redesigned from 1934 to 1936 according to plans by Clemens Holzmeister . The so-called Wotrubakirche is located on the Georgenberg , which was created from 1974 to 1976 based on a model by the sculptor Fritz Wotruba from layered concrete blocks. Other sacred buildings in the district include the Mechitarist Monastery in Maurer Lange Gasse, which was built from 1873 to 1883 , the historicist Church of the Redeemer in Endresstraße, which was built by Theodor Ruf in 1908/09 as a church and convent of the Redemptorists , and the parish exposition Am Spiegeln from the 1960 to 1962. The latter was planned by the architect Kurt Stögerer , and Bruno Buchwieser junior was responsible for the execution . In the garden of the St. Erhard kindergarten in the parish of Mauer, which was built in 1894/95, is the listed cemetery chapel of the old Maurer cemetery from 1823.

Several buildings from the 17th century have been preserved in the historic center of Mauer. This includes the Maurer Schlössel, which consists of a manor house and a meierhof, which was originally used by the Jesuits and which now houses the Rudolf Steiner School Vienna-Mauer . The former office and rectory at Maurer Hauptplatz 10 is documented in 1625. The former Maurer parish hall in Maurer Lange Gasse dates from the second half of the 17th century, but was heavily redesigned in the 20th century. The Freisinger Hof is an estate administration of the Diocese of Freising, first mentioned in 1527 and in its current form from around 1840 . The Mauerlahn-Schlössel stands on Endresstraße, which was built in the first half of the 18th century and probably with the inclusion of a late medieval predecessor building. The house at Maurer Hauptplatz 9 was built by Maria Theresia in 1766 and served as a primary school at that time. The house has now been owned by the Zahel family of winegrowers, who run their Heurigen business there, for several generations .

In Mauer there are also several residential buildings and residential complexes that are interesting from an architectural point of view. The Gräflich Breda'sche Landhaus in Maurer Lange Gasse was built by Ludwig Förster for Ludwig Graf Breda between 1851 and 1853 . In 1935 the middle wing of the country house was extended. The Körnerschlössl in Kaserngasse is a villa built in 1862 and restored in 1992 with elements of the Tudor style . The Villa Rosa, built by Gustav Korompay in 1897/98 and the Villa Braun, built for Emanuel Braun in 1905, are located in Haymogasse . A striking residential building on Speisinger Strasse is the Villa Erna, built in 1897. The so-called Ölzeltschlössl is located at Geßlgasse 4a, named after Anton Ölzelt , who settled in Mauer around 1860 and u. a. acted as chairman of the committee for the beautification of the place. The Ölzeltgasse in Mauer is named after him.

The mason forest and the vineyards of the wall are part of the protected landscape Liesing. The quarry on the Antonshöhe, the pine stock on the Georgenberg and the oak and black pine stock at Gasthaus Schießstätte are separately designated as natural monuments . Large parts of the Wall, including the built-up area, belong to the development zone of the Vienna Woods Biosphere Reserve .

The war memorial on Maurer Hauptplatz commemorates the fallen of the two world wars.

media

The monthly Mauer Zeitung (formerly: Maurer Zeitung ), which was initiated and published by the Liesinger Schulverein as part of a long-term school project, reports on local events in the Wall and the surrounding area and in the neighboring Hietzingen district of Speising, as well as on local history topics . Today's publisher is the Association for the Promotion of Communication in Wall and the Surrounding Area . The local newspaper has a circulation of 22,000 copies (June 2009) and is supported by local business people and the WWFF , among others .

The Liesinger Schulverein has been operating the Mauer Online website since 2006 , which also provides information on local events and events and includes online access to the Mauer Zeitung . Since 2008, the school association has also operated the Speising Online website for the neighboring district.

Economy and Infrastructure

Main hall of the Rosenhügel film studios

There are hardly any industrial companies in Mauer. The Rosenhügel film studios built between 1919 and 1923 in the far north of the district (some of them) were considered to be the most modern and largest film studios in Austria when they opened. Almost all of the film studio's buildings were demolished in 2016.

There are several water tanks of the Second Vienna High Spring Water Pipeline on Wittgensteinstrasse . These include the wall pressure relief chamber and a transition chamber, both of which were built in 1908, a valve chamber construction built around 1912 to 1914, and an office building from 1915.

A branch of the Liesing Adult Education Center is housed in the former Maurer town hall from 1887 . The former bricklayer's school, built next to it in 1868/1869, is now used as a “Goethean study site”. The grammar school of the Ursuline Convent on Maurer Berg was originally located at the Church of St. Ursula in the inner city of Vienna. When the new building was built from 1959 to 1961 according to plans by Guido Gnilsen and Erich Eisenhofer, several art objects from the old Ursuline school were also moved to Mauer. The Anton-Krieger-Gasse school center is a public school housed in a building built by Ferdinand Riedl in 1974.

The Rudolf Steiner School Vienna Mauer and the Karl Schubert School, both Waldorf schools , are located in Mauer. After 30 years, the Karl Schubert School moved from Endresstrasse 99 to Kanitzgasse 1–3. Both schools also run Waldorf kindergartens.

Mauer is connected to the city of Vienna's public transport network. The bus lines 56 A , 56 B and 58 A and the tram line 60 of Wiener Linien connect Mauer at the Hietzing ( Kennedybrücke ) underground station with the U4 underground line and the U3 underground line at Westbahnhof . The bus line 60 A leads to the Alterlaa underground station of the U6 and in the other direction to the Liesing train station .

The area around Maurer Hauptplatz serves as a shopping area for the residents. In addition to several grocers, there are numerous shops, especially in Geßlgasse.

Viticulture in brick wall

At Maurer Berg: View towards Rieden Himmel and Neuberg.

One of the most important economic factors in Mauer is viticulture . Wine has been grown here since the late Middle Ages. Archaeologists even want to know that as early as 750 BC Chr. In Vienna wine was planted and also drunk. Until a few decades ago, there were still dozens of wine-growing businesses in Mauer, but their number was gradually decreasing. But there are still numerous winemakers who continue the Maurer winemaking tradition and some of them are recognized nationally and internationally. The best-known Maurer winemakers are currently Michael and Karl-Heinz Edlmoser and Richard Zahel.

The Maurer wine-growing area extends over about 50 hectares and is divided into three locations: Maurer Berg (vineyards: Reisberg, Neuberg, Himmel, In Rainen, Sätze), Kroissberg (vineyard: Schwirz) and Kadoltsberg (vineyards: Kadoltsberg, Roth Düren, Leiten ). With an area of ​​almost 25 hectares, the Kadoltsberg can be seen as the most important vineyard in Mauer, where Rieslings, Chardonnay , and especially mixed types thrive. The south facing "Leiten" is considered one of the best in the area, where mainly great red wines are made. On the Kroissberg, the smallest and highest location in the Wall (327 m), only white wines such as Gelber Muskateller and Sauvignon Blanc are grown. The second largest location, the Maurer Berg, is also known for its white wines such as Sauvignon Blanc, Mischter Satz, Welschriesling or Grüner Veltliner . In terms of climate and soil, the Maurer wine-growing region - in contrast to the locations in the north of Vienna - is similar to the comparatively mild thermal region .

All Maurer winemakers pour their wine in their own Heurigen restaurants, most of them are now in Maurer Lange Gasse. In contrast to many wine taverns in Grinzing and Neustift am Walde , the restaurants in Mauer are hardly frequented by tourists.

“But it is still part of the lifestyle of the natives - as in neighboring Perchtoldsdorf , for example - to go to the Heurigen once or several times a week. With the effect that the businesses in Mauer not only held up relatively well and did not fall victim to any serious criticism, but above all with extremely positive effects on Mauer's vineyards: Almost all of the 47 hectares of vineyards on Kadoltzberg, Kroissberg and Maurer Berg are extremely well-kept and vital, fallow land or overgrown, unkempt vineyards hardly exist. "

- Florian Holzer

The success of the Maurer or Viennese wine also has its downsides. Space in Vienna is limited, land prices are higher than in the neighboring regions in Lower Austria. Many winegrowers either do not want or cannot afford the high prices; real estate speculators buy at high prices in the hope that the vineyards will be converted into building land. A problem that does not or hardly applies to Mauer, as almost all existing vineyards are well maintained and cultivated. But the Wien Wein group , which includes Edlmoser and Zahel, two winemakers from Mauer, drew attention to the existing problem in the spring of 2011 and called for the preservation of the Viennese vineyards. The city government subsequently announced that no vineyards could be rededicated as building land. The aim is to measure the vineyards by means of annually updated aerial photographs and thus avoid misuse.

Personalities

• John Banner (1910–1973), film actor
• Wilhelm Drill (1873–1942), doctor, Holocaust victim
• Manfred Adalbert Fischer (* 1942), botanist and plant systematist
• Rudolf Girtler (1877–1952), civil engineer and university professor
• Hanns Hörbiger (1860–1931), founder of the world ice theory
• Joseph Haßreiter (1845–1940), ballet master, choreographer and director
• Anton Hefft (1815–1900), architect
• La Jana (1905–1940), dancer and actress
• Gisbert Kapp (1852–1922), mechanical engineer
• Hugo Franz Kirsch (1873–1961), small sculptor and ceramist from the Wiener Werkstätte
• Mauritius Klieber (1877–1949), politician, member of the municipal council of Mauer near Vienna
• Hans Kunke (1906–1940), insurance officer and resistance fighter against the NSDAP regime
• Stefanie Kunke , b. Jelinek (1908–1943), teacher, socialist and resistance fighter against the Nazi regime
• Julius Mayreder (1860–1911), architect
• Karl Mayreder (1856–1935), architect
• Josef Meinrad (1913–1996), chamber actor
• Bertha Neumann (1893–1944), political scientist, Holocaust victim
• Anton Ölzelt (1817–1875), master builder in Mauer
• Oswald Panagl (* 1939), linguist
• Dominik Peterlini (1875–1944), musician and choir director
• Heinrich XXXIII. Prince Reuss zu Köstritz (1879–1942), embassy secretary and officer
• Alexander Scherban (1886–1964), painter
• Friedrich Schreyvogl (1899–1976), writer, publicist, dramaturge and culture editor
• Marija Sklad-Sauer (1935–2014), singing teacher and singer
• Matthias Strolz (* 1973), politician and founder of NEOS, author
• Oskar Thiede (1879–1961), sculptor and medalist
• Gerhard Weixelberger (1660–1728), Cistercian and abbot of Heiligenkreuz Abbey
• Bibiana Zeller (* 1928), castle actress

literature

• Heinz Böhm (Hrsg.): Chronicle of the school wall . 3 volumes. Maurer home round, Vienna 2004/2006
• Christoph Freytag: Recreation in the city forest: case study in the suburb of Breitenfurt-Mauer . Diploma thesis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1986
• Ferdinand Opll: Liesing: History of the 23rd Viennese district and its old places . Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-7141-6217-8
• Helfried Seemann (Ed.): Wall 1890 - 1950 . Album Verlag für Photographie, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-85164-066-7

Web links

Commons : Mauer (Vienna)  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

• wien.at - Wall
• Further information on the history of the Wall can be found in the Liesing Virtual District Museum .
• Entry on Mauer (Vienna) in the Austria Forum  (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} brooks by district. Economy, Labor and Statistics (Municipal Department 23), Municipal Authority of the City of Vienna, accessed on January 3, 2020 . 
2. ^ Hans Stadler: The drainage systems of the city of Vienna . Municipal Department 30, Municipal Authority of the City of Vienna, Vienna 1960, p. 56–57 ( digital.wienbibliothek.at [PDF; accessed on January 3, 2020]).
3. ↑ Johanna Scheiblhofer, Wolfgang Schranz: Diverse Nature in Liesing. (PDF) Biosphärenpark Wienerwald Management GmbH, October 2019, p. 103 , accessed on January 3, 2020 . 
4. ↑ Josef Stiny, Friedrich Trauth: The building site for the new water tank in the Lainzer Tiergarten . Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute . Volume 88, Vienna 1938. pp. 35–48 ( PDF )
5. ↑ An extinct volcano at the gates of Vienna. In: Reichspost daily newspaper , Vienna, No. 307, November 7, 1937, p. 9
6. ↑ PDF Heinrich Küpper: On the knowledge of the Alpine breakup on the western edge of the Vienna basin. In: Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute. 94th volume, part 1, Vienna 1951. pp. 41-92
7. ↑ LGBl. For Lower Austria. No. 143/1927
8. ^ Wienerwald exhibition , in: Badener Zeitung , August 31, 1927, p. 3, bottom right
9. ↑ Ferdinand Opll: Liesing: History of the 23rd Viennese district and its old places , youth and people, Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-7141-6217-8 , p. 200.
10. ↑ Since the boundaries of the census districts and census districts differ from those of the cadastral municipality, no exact number of inhabitants is available. According to VZ 2001, the counting districts Mauer , Mauerberg , Kroißberg and Steinberg had a total of 17,099 inhabitants. - Source: Directory 2001 Vienna , ed. v. Statistics Austria, Vienna 2005, pp. 101-102.
11. ↑ History of Weingut Zahel  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
12. ^ Dehio-Handbuch Wien. X. to XIX. and XXI. to XXIII. District . Edited by Federal Monuments Office. Anton Schroll, Vienna 1996, ISBN 3-7031-0693-X , pp. 706-725.
13. ^ Architects lexicon of the Architekturzentrum Wien, Anton Ölzelt
14. ↑ Example: Mauer Zeitung , edition 06/2009 ( Memento of the original from November 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( PDF file; 2.3 MB; last accessed: June 28, 2009). 
15. ↑ Internet presence - MAUER ONLINE ( Memento of the original from June 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (last accessed June 28, 2009). 
16. ↑ Internet presence - SPEISING ONLINE ( Memento of the original dated June 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (last accessed June 28, 2009). 
17. ↑ Junge Wilder Südrand , Falter 2002 ( Memento from April 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
18. ↑ Wiener Wein Wunder, falstaff in June 2011 ( Memento of the original from December 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
19. ↑ CaptainCork via Michael Edlmoser, October 2010 ( Memento of the original from September 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
20. ↑ Article about the Zahel winery, April 2011 ( Memento of the original from September 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
21. ↑ Die Maurer Lagen  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
22. ↑ List of winemakers from the Mauer winegrowing association
23. ^ Wine and Vienna, Florian Holzer, 2008
24. ^ Wiener Wein: More and more vineyards are disappearing, Der Standard, April 2011
25. ↑ Häupl: "Do everything for the wine areas in Vienna, April 2011  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
26. ↑ Internet presence - MAUER ONLINE (The film city of Vienna is located in Mauer) ( Memento of the original from June 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Accessed July 13, 2010). 

Coordinates: 48 ° 9 '  N , 16 ° 16'  E