Mauer-Antonshöhe
| Antonshöhe | ||
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 The quarry on the Antonshöhe |
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| height | 356 m above sea level A. | |
| location | Vienna , Austria | |
| Mountains | Vienna Woods | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 8 '57 " N , 16 ° 14' 40" E | |
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The Antonshöhe is a 356 m high elevation in the Mauer part of the 23rd Viennese district of Liesing . There is the abandoned Mauer-Antonshöhe quarry of the city of Vienna, which can be described as the oldest industrial monument in Austria.
location
The Antonshöhe lies in the Maurer Forest . In the north is the Wilde Berg , in the southeast the Georgenberg and in the southwest the Gütenbachtal .
Neolithic chert mine
In the quarry on the Antonshöhe, blasting was carried out in 1929/1930. Several mining shafts ( Mardella pits ) were discovered.
The former quarry supplied raw material for the manufacture of tools as early as the Neolithic Age . In Mauer-Antonshöhe, chert and radiolarite in reddish-brown and greenish shades were extracted. This flint was a coveted raw material and was widely traded. As early as 7,500 years ago, chert from Mauer-Antonshöhe was used in the surrounding villages, such as B. Finds from the settlement of Brunn am Gebirge (Lower Austria) show that dates back to the beginning of linear ceramics .
The mining shafts were filled with overburden . They should therefore have been created at the latest in the time of the painted ceramics / Lengyel culture (4,750 - 3,900 BC). The mining was carried out with tools made from deer antlers, rock and rubble, which served as striking and knocking stones. Towards the end of the painted pottery, two men, three women and two children were buried in the filled shafts in seven graves.
Across Europe, around 100 mines have been found in which various types of flint were extracted.
The archaeological investigation was carried out by Josef Bayer from the Prehistoric Department of the Natural History Museum Vienna . A memorial stone dedicated to him is set up at the Schießstätte rest house on the Wilder Berg. In 1929, the Feuersteingasse in Mauer was named after the archaeological site.
literature
- Josef Bayer : A flint mine from the younger Stone Age on the Antonshöhe near Mauer . In: Home yearbook of the parish of Mauer. Vol. 7, 1930, ZDB -ID 2238529-0 , pp. 17-22.
- Josef Roskosny: The chert mine on the Antonshöhe near Mauer. In: Our home. Vol. 35, No. 1/3, 1964, ISSN 1017-2696 , pp. 34-38.
- Elisabeth Ruttkay : The Neolithic chert mine with burial from the Antonshöhe near Mauer (Vienna 23rd) - Josef Bayer's excavations in the years 1929–1930. In: Communications from the Anthropological Society in Vienna. Vol. 100, 1970, ISSN 0373-5656 , pp. 70-115.
Web links
- Antonshöhe on the website of the Research Society Vienna City Archeology