Census in Austria
Population censuses have been carried out in Austria since 1754; since 2006 they have been carried out as electronic counts from the population register.
Counts in the monarchy until 1918
The first census (description of souls) took place in Austria under Maria Theresa in 1754. In the Hungarian part of the monarchy, a nationwide land register was created from 1767–1775. After 1769, no complete censuses were carried out due to resistance from the nobility and the Catholic Church. The focus was on recording the male population fit for military service.
On March 23, 1857, Franz Joseph I issued an imperial ordinance of October 31, 1857 for the Austrian Empire , at that time still including Hungary, the regulation on the conduct of censuses . The survey on the basis of this ordinance was assessed as inadequate, however, since only the native population was counted, but not the population actually present.
As a result of this and technical problems, the Emperor and the Reichsrat replaced the imperial ordinance for Cisleithanien on March 29, 1869 at the instigation of Prime Minister Eduard Taaffe and Interior Minister Carl Giskra with a census law and the first census under this law took place on December 31, 1869. The law stipulated that the next count should be carried out on December 31, 1880, and further counts every ten years. With Transleithanien , which has been politically independent from Austria since the compromise of 1867 , agreement was reached that this counting rhythm is also used in Hungary.
According to the 1869 census , censuses were held every ten years from 1880 until the First World War (1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 ).
The census in 1890 should be emphasized, when counting machines were used for the first time at the same time as the US Census . The electrical engineer Theodor Heinrich Otto Schäffler (1838–1928), who came from what is now Baden-Württemberg and is based in Vienna , built a counting machine based on the model developed by Herman Hollerith (1860–1929) for the needs of the Austrian census, which Kaiser also used Franz Joseph I. had it demonstrated during his visit to the Imperial and Royal Statistical Central Commission on May 9, 1891.
Counts 1918-2001
These censuses were carried out at irregular intervals between the two world wars (1920, 1923, 1934 and 1939). The censuses of 1920 and 1923 were poorly prepared and the results were therefore unusable.
From 1951 to 2001 the censuses were again carried out every ten years. The number and structure of the population were determined. The data are used to allocate the seats in the National Council to the constituencies ; the allocation of tax revenue to the federal government, states and municipalities in financial compensation is based on the results of censuses. Since the 1961 census, data on the flow of commuters have also been derived from professional and educational commuters .
Transition to register counting
The 2001 census was the last conventional census in Austria where questionnaires were used. In June 2000, the Federal Government Schüssel I decided to carry out the 2011 census as a register census. For this reason, the first preparatory work to set up suitable administrative registers was carried out as early as the 2001 census. As part of the 2001 population census, the "parallel action population census - reporting system" took place, in which excerpts from the registration files of all municipalities were electronically and centrally collected according to a defined interface. 2356 municipalities used an internet application made available by the Austrian Federal Statistics Office (ÖSTAT), while three large cities sent data directly to the responsible body in the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI). On May 16, 2001, this inventory represented the first filling of the Central Registration Register (ZMR) in Austria, in which the registration offices of the municipalities have been entering their residence reports since January 2002.
By collecting the registration data, people were also assigned to buildings and households and apartments. These assignments and the result of the 2001 building and apartment census were taken over into the newly created building and apartment register, which in turn provides the mandatory residential addresses for residence reports in the ZMR.
In order to comply with the resolution of the Council of Ministers of 2000, after the work on the 2001 population census was completed, an inter-ministerial working group was set up at the Federal Chancellery , with the aim of creating the legal basis for a register census based on a detailed concept to be drawn up by Statistics Austria . On March 16, 2006 the Register Census Act was passed by the National Council.
The main cornerstones of this law are:
- At the same time as the population census, a workplace census and a building and apartment census take place.
- The area-specific personal identifier (bPK), an identifier from the e-government regulations, acts as the key for merging the data from the various administrative registers.
- On October 31, 2006, a test count had to be carried out in the entire scope of a register count.
Trial count 2006
According to the federal government and the Austrian Federal Statistics Office, the 2006 trial count was a complete success; therefore the population of the trial count could be used for purposes of financial equalization from 2009 onwards.
In the run-up to the census, the ArGe Daten criticized the fact that data on family relationships were also collected that were actually not important for the census.
Register census 2011
As of October 31, 2011, there were 8,401,940 men and women in Austria, as Statistics Austria determined based on the final population figures of the 2011 register census. Statistics Austria announced this in a press release on June 21, 2013. The residence analysis - the quality assurance instrument of the register census - showed a difference in the final population of 70,481 main residences compared to the reference date of the central population register. Since the last census in 2001, Austria's population has increased by 4.6 percent or around 369,000 people. With the exception of Carinthia, all federal states recorded population growth.
See also
literature
- Christel Durdik: Population and social statistics in Austria in the 18th and 19th centuries . In: Helczmanovszki, Heimold (Hrsg.): Contributions to the population and social history of Austria . Vienna 1973, pp. 225-266.
- Johannes Ladstätter: Change in the survey and processing objectives of the censuses since 1869 . In: Helczmanovszki, Heimold (Hrsg.): Contributions to the population and social history of Austria . Vienna 1973, pp. 267-294.
- Austrian Central Statistical Office (Ed.): From the Direction of Administrative Statistics 1840 to the Austrian Central Statistical Office 1990 . Vienna 1990.
- Statistics Austria (ed.): Trial count 2006 . Results and evaluation, Vienna 2009.
Web links and videos
- Statistics Austria: Register census as a replacement for population, building, apartment and workplace censuses
- Statistics Austria video on how the register counting works and how it works
Individual evidence
- ↑ cf. Magyar (Hungarian) Census For Present-Day Slovakia & Most pre-1918 Hungary Territories , Bill Tarkulich, iabsi.com
- ↑ RGBl. No. 67/1857 (= p. 167)
- ↑ RGBl. No. 67/1869 (= p. 307)
- ↑ Statistics Austria: 2001 Census - Commuters
- ^ Statistics Austria: GWR law
- ↑ Federal Law Gazette BGBl. I No. 33/2006
- ↑ Statistics Austria: Report of the sample census 2006
- ↑ Counting is a nonsense , " Wiener Zeitung ", Vienna, May 12, 2011, accessed on November 7, 2013
- ↑ Press release from Statistics Austria of June 21, 2013