Liesing (district of Vienna)

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Liesing
coat of arms map
Liesing coat of arms Location of Liesing

Liesing was until 1938 an independent municipality with city status and is now a district of Vienna in the same 23 Viennese district Liesing and one of 89 Vienna Katastralgemeinden .

geography

Pellmann Bridge over the Liesing

Today's cadastral community of Liesing covers an area of ​​273.82 hectares.

The place lies on both sides of the Liesing river on the southern city limits of Vienna to Perchtoldsdorf , where the Liesing cemetery is also located. Upstream across the Liesing aqueduct is the Rodaun district of Vienna , and downstream the Atzgersdorf district of Vienna .

The Liesing is built over a few hundred meters at Liesinger Platz, where the areas of the bus stations and parking spaces are located at Liesing train station. The stream continues to flow in an artificial bed east of the southern railway bridge. As an open water body Liesing is crossed in the district part of several small bridges: the Aquäduktsteg, Karl Coffin web which Pellmannbrücke and opened in 2010 Steg Faber alley (in November 7, 2011 Brewery bridge renamed). In addition, the route of the southern railway runs over the river.

The geology of Liesing is largely attributed to the geological epoch of the Holocene . The mountain edge of the Alps lies to the west of Liesing; east of Kalksburg it sinks steeply under the gravel filling of the Vienna basin. Already at Liesing the rock lies over 600 m below the earth's surface. The relief of the district rises towards the northwest. In the far west in front of the Himmelswiese am Neuberg there are vineyards: With around 13 hectares of vineyards, the district is one of Vienna's wine-growing areas . The majority of Liesing is, however, built-up area.

history

Liesing around 1800

On November 1, 1002, the German King Heinrich II gave Margrave Heinrich I an estate between the Dürren Liesing and the Triesting . This is the oldest known royal donation to the Babenbergs . This year the Liesing river was first mentioned as Liezniccha. This name is derived from the Slavic Lesnička and means forest stream. The place itself was probably built around this time, but was badly destroyed both during the first and second Turkish sieges of Vienna and had to be repopulated. In the following years, Liesing soon developed into one of the most important places on the river. Until the beginning of the 19th century, however, the place was still largely agricultural .

Site of the Liesingen chemical company Wagenmann & Seybel , 1898

With industrialization came a great economic boom for Liesing. For example, in 1838 the Liesing brewery was established in the village, which was gradually enlarged in the third quarter of the 19th century. This also included the former Liesinger brewery restoration, which was planned by Fellner & Helmer in 1898 . The company residences of the plant were built from 1900 to 1914 in the immediate vicinity of the brewery according to plans by Leopold Simony . In the settlement construction at the beginning of the 20th century, the Liesing residential colony , which still exists today, is worth mentioning, which was laid out in 1911/12 in Elisenstrasse in the west of the village according to plans by Hubert Gessner .

In 1888 a switchgear ("switchboard") for the state telephone was built at the Liesingen post office . In 1895 the Mühlbach was abandoned, streets were lit for the first time with gas lamps on October 4, 1895 , and in 1899 the laying of sewers began.

On October 2, 1905, Liesing was raised to town . A town hall, today's Liesing administrative building , was built on the site of the former Steg or Färbermühle . In 1909 the trolleybus line between Liesing and Kalksburg was opened, and in 1910 the bus line to Perchtoldsdorf. The rails for the planned tram line between Vienna and Liesing have already been laid on the bridge over the southern railway line, which had to be extended and raised in 1910.

From October 12, 1924 to September 5, 1925, the city consisted of two communities: Alt-Liesing , after a name change from May 2, 1925 back to Liesing , and as an additional local community of Neu-Liesing around the one owned by the City of Vienna Supply house in Liesing Castle . With this change, which was carried out similarly in other municipalities ( Ybbs , Mauerbach and St. Andrä an der Traisen ), institutions that were part of the municipality of Vienna were separated from the (then) Lower Austrian municipalities, which (in addition to changes in tax revenue ) caused the number of municipal councilors in Liesing to decrease by two. According to the law, the entire property of the previous community remained with the Alt-Liesing community. The scheme did not work. The statement of accounts of the city of Liesing 1918–1928 describes the situation with “ As early as the next year, this unnatural structure, which was born out of embarrassment, was removed again. “The new municipal council elections that became due after reunification were not held, but rather postponed until the next ordinary elections.

Old Liesingen parish church, around 1933

In the years around 1920, a merger of the communities Atzgersdorf and Liesing was planned, around 1929 the creation of a larger community from Atzgersdorf, Erlaa , Liesing and Siebenhirten was under discussion. This large village would have had 23,000 inhabitants and only through the merger it would be in accordance with the then applicable financial laws ( financial compensation annually) 116,000 shillings former purchasing power been additionally available.

During the Second World War , Liesing was initially out of the range of the bomber planes until 1944. That was one of the reasons why an "industrial horst" was to arise in Liesing and the neighboring Atzgersdorf, whose companies (mainly metal processing companies) were to be used as suppliers for the Ostmark aircraft engine works .

With the law of October 1, 1938 after the annexation of Austria to the German Reich , Vienna was enlarged to become Greater Vienna . As the center of the southern Vienna suburbs, the city was combined with several surrounding communities to form the 25th district of Liesing . After the end of the Second World War , the 25th district was dissolved again. However, by law from 1954, Liesing remained with seven other places as the 23rd district of Liesing near Vienna.

In 1951, at the last census carried out in the independent municipality, the city had 5950 inhabitants. Today around 6500 people live in the Liesing district.

The former town of Liesing has largely merged with the former surrounding communities and has a larger industrial area . In 2006, the demolition of the Liesing brewery's dominant urban area began. According to plans by Coop Himmelb (l) au , the new “Riverside” district with apartments, work and leisure facilities was built there by 2011 .

Culture and sights

Liesing Castle
New Liesingen parish church

The Liesing castle was almost completely destroyed during the second Turkish siege of Vienna in the year 1683rd According to a legend , only the hazelnut tree in the palace gardens was spared. This legend was used as a motif for the design of the part of the Liesing district coat of arms intended for Liesing, which shows a three-leaf hazelnut branch with four fruits over a blazing fire and the year 1683. To the left and right of this drawing there is also a winemaker's basket and a golden comb wheel on a blue background. After the Turkish siege, the castle was partially restored and expanded at the beginning of the 18th century. Today it is used as a nursing home for the city of Vienna. When the nursing home was rebuilt in 2010, remnants of the wall from the former palace complex were found.

With the Liesing employment office, built in 1930/31 according to plans by Ernst Plischke , a “forward-looking major modernist work in Austria” is located in the district. The current parish church of Liesing by the architect Robert Kramreiter was built between 1953 and 1955. In the west of the district, the architect Roland Rainer realized the Maurerberg settlement, which was planned in 1956, based on the concept of urban low-rise buildings.

The peripheral zone of the Vienna Woods in the west is part of the Liesing landscape protection area and the maintenance and development zone of the Vienna Woods Biosphere Reserve . In the built-up area of ​​the district part, three tree hazels are designated as a natural monument . Public parks in Liesing are the Friedrich-Khek-Anlage and the Herbert-Mayr-Park.

Economy and Infrastructure

Some of the remains of industrial buildings in Liesing go back to the 19th century or the beginning of the 20th century, such as the Sarg-Werke or the Wagenmann und Seybel chemical company . These include the Ewald Baumgartner precision optics factory, built around 1870/80, and the Meller furnace factory, which was built around 1889 in place of the Dorotheermühle, which has probably been in existence since the 16th century and which has also been used as an armaments and engine factory over the course of its history. The former battery factory AG Liesing on Siebenhirtenstrasse was designed by Hubert Gessner in 1917 . In the entrance area there was a freedom fighter memorial from 1950.

Vienna Liesing train station

The Vienna Liesing train station on the southern railway line is still an important traffic junction in the municipality today. This is where the Kaltenleutgaber Bahn branches off , further branches or sidings or sidings, which have now been closed and largely removed, led from 1882 to the Liesing brewery, the Liesing industrial center (“ Schleppbahn Liesing ”), the Ludwig furniture factory , later a building materials factory, and the Tree coal merchant . Several Viennese bus routes and bus connections to the Vienna Woods ( Gießhübl , Wolfsgraben , Breitenfurt , Sulz ) have their terminus here. The Breitenfurter Straße ( B 12 ) is one of the most important streets in the district .

The post office at Liesinger Platz was built in 1931 in an expressive style. The architect Hubert Maresch planned the 1909 building of the Austrian Gymnastics Federation - Turnverein Liesing, after he had designed the “Fanny-Hof” rental house in Liesing as early as 1904. The building of the regional health insurance fund in Dr.-Neumann-Gasse was built in 1930 according to plans by Johann Rothmüller and Leopold Schumm . The Liesinger Bad, built in 1924/25, is the work of Alfons Hetmanek .

The elementary school at Pülsgasse 28 was built in 1908/09 as the Kaiser Jubilee School in Heimatstil. The Cooperative Middle School on Dirmhirngasse was built between 1991 and 1994 by the architect Boris Podrecca . The headquarters of the inspection district of the Vienna City School Board responsible for the 13th and 23rd districts is also in Dirmhirngasse, at number 29, in a building built in 1888 by the architects Julius Fröhlich and Josef Maresch, which was previously used as a secondary school.

Personalities

  • Franz Konrad (1906–1951), SS-Hauptsturmführer and as an administrative officer responsible for the “recording of values” in the Warsaw ghetto
  • Ludwig Lohner (1858–1925), industrialist and pioneer in vehicle and aircraft technology
  • Hubert Maresch (1874–1955), builder and architect
  • Bertha Neumann (1893–1944), political scientist, Holocaust victim
  • Karl Neumann (1890–1944), doctor, Holocaust victim
  • Franz Pülsl (1875–1946), politician, Vice Mayor of Liesing
  • Franz Stuschka (1910–1986), SS-Obersturmführer and employee in the Eichmann department of the Reich Main Security Office
  • Eduard Weikhart (1905–1986), politician, member of the National Council
  • Josefine Welsch (1876–1959), politician, member of the municipal council of Liesing

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wien.gv.at
  2. ^ Franz Toula : The deep drilling to a depth of 600 m in the area of ​​the chemical products factory, namely the Holzverkohlungs-Industrie-Aktien-Gesellschaft in Liesing near Vienna. In: Nova Acta. Treatises of the Imperial Leopoldine-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists . Volume C No. 3. Hall 1914.
  3. ↑ Vineyards in Vienna according to cadastral communities 2010 . Website of the City of Vienna, accessed on June 21, 2012.
  4. ^ A b Josef Jahne: Local history of the political district Hietzing area for school and home. Published on behalf of the kk district school board for Hietzing area. Vienna 1911. Self-published by the district school council. P. 129.
  5. ↑ Separation of municipalities in the Lower Austrian Provincial Law Gazette: Law of October 8, 1924 on the division of the local municipality of Liesing, nöLGBl. No. 139/1924, issued October 11, 1924, issue 25, page 176.
  6. ^ Reunification in the Lower Austrian Provincial Law Gazette: Law of July 3, 1925 on the reunification of the communities of Liesing and Neu-Liesing, nöLGBl. No. 116/1925, issued September 5, 1925, Issue 27, pages 156-157.
  7. ↑ Name (back) change to Liesing in the Lower Austrian Provincial Law Gazette: Announcement of the Provincial Governor of Lower Austria of April 14, 1925, Zl. VIII-201, about the change of the names of the local communities Alt-St. Andrä an der Traisen, Alt-Mauerbach, Alt-Liesing and Alt-Ybbs, nöLGBl. No. 38/1925, issued May 1, 1925, 9th issue, page 43.
  8. ↑ Liesing 1918–1928. The construction work of the township in the first decade of the republic. Written on behalf of the municipal council. Self-published by the municipality of Liesing. Mayor Friedrich Khek is responsible for the content. Printing: G Kanz, Liesing. October 1929. Page 11.
  9. ↑ shift the due for reunification municipal elections in the Lower Austrian Law Gazette: Law of 27 November 1925 on the postponement of the election of the municipal council in Liesing Ybbs, nöLGBl. No. 151/1925, issued December 19, 1925, Issue 39, page 210.
  10. ↑ Liesing 1918–1928. Page 78.
  11. ↑ Helene Eis: Investigation of the industrial area Liesing-Atzgersdorf. Dissertation to obtain the degree of Doctor of Commerce at the University of World Trade. Vienna 1961. S. 19.
    Norbert Schausberger : Armaments in Austria 1938-45: a study on the interaction of economy, politics and warfare. In: Publications of the Austrian Institute for Contemporary History. Volume 8. Hollinek, Vienna 1970. p. 83.
  12. ↑ Ferdinand Opll: Liesing: History of the 23rd Viennese district and its old places . Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-7141-6217-8 . P. 199
  13. ↑ Since the boundaries of the census districts and census districts differ from those of the cadastral municipality, no exact number of inhabitants is available. According to VZ 2001, the counting districts Zentrum Liesing and Industriezentrum Liesing together had 6681 inhabitants. - Source: Directory 2001 Vienna , ed. v. Statistics Austria, Vienna 2005, p. 101
  14. ↑ http://www.wien.gv.at/bezirke/liesing/geschichte-kultur/sehenswerte/brauerei.html , accessed on May 25, 2009
  15. ^ Heike Krause: Fund report. In: Find reports from Austria. Published by the Federal Monuments Office. Volume 49, year 2010. Verlag Berger Vienna 2012. ISSN  0429-8926 . P. 495.
  16. ^ Dehio-Handbuch Wien. X. to XIX. and XXI. to XXIII. District . Edited by Federal Monuments Office. Anton Schroll, Vienna 1996, ISBN 3-7031-0693-X , p. 710
  17. ^ Horse-drawn tow from the station to the Liesing Brewery. In:  Badener Bezirks-Blatt , January 21, 1882, p. 6 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / bbb

Web links

Commons : Liesing (Vienna district part)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Liesing  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Coordinates: 48 ° 8 '  N , 16 ° 17'  E