Furniture design
Under furniture design is defined as the area of product design , which deals with the design of furniture busy.
Furniture design includes the creation of a wide variety of furnishings. The intention of a furniture designer is to design all of the furniture according to functional, aesthetic and user-friendly aspects. Embedded in an artistic framework, this design discipline is based on general trends and fashion topics, or tries to provide guidelines for new trends or a change in style . Designing furniture is a dynamic process that includes research and development as well as the development from the prototype to the finished piece of furniture.
Education and specialization of the furniture designer
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Design professions require specialist and methodological knowledge combined with production-related and economic knowledge, as well as a sense of shapes, colors and design. The profession of furniture designer requires knowledge of process engineering , furniture construction technology and building materials science. In addition, an academic education places value on an art-historical foundation and a social evaluation.
Furniture was traditionally made by carpenters, but this changed with industrialization. The factories already had their own design departments. In the case of furniture made by carpenters, despite the use of industrial semi-finished products, one does not speak of design, but of craft or handicraft .
There were hardly any furniture designers until the middle of the 20th century; there were mostly versatile designers and architects who also designed furniture, and occasionally engineers. People who specialize in furniture design currently have a university degree in interior design or product design. A lateral entry through a craft training such as a carpenter's apprenticeship occurs.
Seating furniture is another specialization and specialization. As designed by Charles Eames numerous chairs particular office furniture and Stefan Heiliger numerous sofas and armchairs.
Strictly speaking, the design of kitchens and lighting are not counted as furniture design .
History of furniture design
The first pieces of furniture were probably the bed and chest. This was followed by simple furniture such as a chair, table and desk. Up until the Middle Ages and the Renaissance , furniture was sparse and mainly reserved for castles and monasteries. It was a few centuries before houses and apartments could be considered furnished.
The specialization in the design of furniture goes back to the time of the manufactories of the 17th century. The impetus for the renewal and perfection of interior fittings in general and in particular of furniture for use in courtyards came from France from the middle of the 17th century. The program of renewal and centralization of the crafts and the arts, begun between 1662 and 1667 during the reign of Henry of Navarre , was continued by Jean-Baptiste Colbert . In 1662 the Manufacture Royale des Tapisseries et des Meubles de la Couronne was founded, which resulted in a number of other comparable institutions. The first director of the Manufacture was the king's court painter, Charles Le Brun , who was temporarily director of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture . In cooperation with the academies of arts and science founded by Colbert, the baroque style of representation Louis-quatorze was developed, which became a style throughout Europe. Until the 18th century, France remained formative for European furniture design with the Louis quinze and Louis seize styles up to the Empire . Outstanding cabinet makers and furniture makers of the 18th century were the Germans Abraham and David Roentgen , who were in demand across Europe.
New impulses came with the Arts and Crafts movement from England, which at the beginning of the 19th century propagated an upgrading of the arts and crafts , and whose ideas were taken up and further developed by the Art Nouveau designers . From the 19th century onwards, furniture design was mainly taught in arts and crafts schools in Germany .
literature
- Bernd Polster: Home design Germany, the classics. Du Mont, Cologne 2008. ISBN 978-3-8321-7767-6 .
- Eva B. Ottillinger (Ed.): Furniture design of the 50s. Vienna 2005. ISBN 3-205-77376-4 .
- Albrecht Bangert: Italian furniture design . Classics from 1945 to today. Munich: Bangert-Verl. 1992. ISBN 3-925560-01-7
- see also design history
- see also Werkbundarchiv - Museum der Dinge
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Karl Mang : History of modern furniture. From manual production to industrial production. Hatje Cantz Verlag, 1999, ISBN 3-7757-0252-0 .