Margarete Schutte-Lihotzky

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Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, 1997
The Frankfurt kitchen from 1926. Reconstruction with Lihotzky, 1990
Typified allotment garden house in Frankfurt, 1925–1930 (as of 2014)

Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky (born January 23, 1897 in Vienna - Margareten , Austria-Hungary ; died January 18, 2000 in Vienna) was one of the first women to study architecture in Austria and probably the first woman to pursue the profession in Austria practiced extensively. She lived and worked in Germany and the Soviet Union for a number of years . The design of the Frankfurt kitchen made her internationally known.

Life

Margarete Lihotzky came from a middle-class Viennese family. Her father, Erwin Lihotzky (1856–1923), was a liberal-minded civil servant with pacifist tendencies who advocated the end of the Habsburg Empire and the founding of the 1918 Republic . Her mother, Julie, née Bode (1866–1924), was related to the German art and museum expert Wilhelm von Bode . Grandfather Gustav Lihotzky was mayor of Czernowitz , the capital of the Imperial and Royal Crown Land of Bukovina , the easternmost crown land of old Austria, and later Hofrat in the Imperial and Royal Ministry of Justice in Vienna.

Margarete Lihotzky studied from 1915 to 1919 at the kk Kunstgewerbeschule (now the University of Applied Arts Vienna ), where (later famous) artists such as Josef Hoffmann , Anton Hanak and Oskar Kokoschka taught. When Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky celebrated her 100th birthday in 1997, she mentioned that in 1916 nobody believed that a woman would ever be commissioned to build a house – not even she herself. She studied architecture with Oskar Strnad and structural design with Heinrich Tessenow . Strnad was a sensitive architect and an important teacher personality. In 1917 he led his student to take part in the competition for "workers' housing", where she first encountered the subject of social construction. She received the Max Mauthner Prize for her project. During her first office practice at Strnad, she made plans for a theater project by Max Reinhardt .

By taking part in a competition for an allotment garden on the Schafberg , she came into contact with the settler movement in Vienna. In early 1921 she worked together with Adolf Loos for the Friedensstadt settlement at the Lainzer Tiergarten . She then planned the stone houses for the "Eden" settlement in Vienna's 14th district with architect Ernst Egli . She dealt with questions of housing and the rationalization of housekeeping and wrote her first article. From 1922 she worked in the construction office of the Austrian Association for Settlement and Allotment Gardens. She designed settler huts and settler houses, developed "core house types", founded the "Warentreuhand", a counseling center for home furnishing, and was significantly involved in the planning and construction of the large settler exhibitions on the Rathausplatz in Vienna in 1922 and 1923.

Ernst May had met Lihotzky as an employee of Loos and made it possible for her to publish in the magazine Schlesisches Heim , which he published in Breslau . May headed the building department of the city of Frankfurt am Main . In 1926 he hired Margarete Lihotzky to work in the typing department, where the new residential building with the “ Frankfurt kitchen ” was being developed. This is now regarded as the prototype of the modern fitted kitchen . Based on scientific research, e.g. by Frederick Winslow Taylor from the USA , as well as the railway dining car kitchen as a model, Grete Lihotzky designed the "laboratory of a housewife", which, on the basis of "saving handles and steps" in a minimal space, offers a maximum of equipment in order to give women the to make work easier. Around 12,000 kitchens were installed in several variants in the Frankfurt housing estates. In the city building department she met her colleague Wilhelm Schütte , whom she married in 1927.

Werkbundsiedlung Vienna 1932, Woinovichgasse 2 and 4

For the Viennese Werkbundsiedlung (1930–1932), which was presented to the public in 1932 as part of a European housing exhibition, she designed two terraced houses, each with a floor area of ​​35 m 2 (Woinovichgasse 2 and 4). Among the 32 architects of the estate, Schütte-Lihotzky was the only woman.

When the political and economic situation in the Weimar Republic deteriorated, Ernst May accepted an appointment in Moscow with a group of experts in 1930 . Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky was there as an expert on children's buildings and Wilhelm Schütte as an expert on school buildings. Brigade May was tasked with helping to implement Stalin's first five-year plan for the Soviet Union by planning socialist cities . The first was the industrial city of Magnitogorsk in the middle of the "nowhere" of the southern Urals , of which only the 1st quarter was realized according to the original plans. When they arrived, the city consisted of mud huts and barracks. The target number envisaged 200,000 inhabitants in the next few years, of which the majority should work in the steel industry. Here she designed u. a. the kindergarten at ulica Čajkovskogo 52.

In 1933, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky sent plans and photos of her work to Chicago , where they were presented at the World's Fair . In 1934 she undertook study and lecture tours to Japan and China with her husband . From 1934 to 1936 she worked at the Moscow Architecture Institute , where she mainly designed children's furniture. In August 1937, the couple Schütte / Schütte-Lihotzky left Moscow for Paris because the conditions at the German embassy there were more favorable for a passport extension that had become necessary. The couple remained true to their Marxist convictions, did not openly oppose the " Stalinist purges ", but did not return to Moscow either, probably because they were aware that the situation in the Soviet Union, especially for German emigrants, was becoming increasingly precarious. (The so-called “ German operation of the NKVD ” was just beginning.) Instead, the couple relocated to Istanbul , where both had the opportunity to teach and work at the Academy of Fine Arts .

On the eve of World War II , Istanbul in neutral Turkey was a relatively safe place for émigré Europeans, including artists and architects such as Bruno Taut and Clemens Holzmeister . At the academy, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky designed, among other things, standard projects for village schools and an extension for a lyceum in Ankara. In 1939, together with her husband, she joined a foreign group of the KPÖ , which was being founded in Istanbul by the Austrian architect Herbert Eichholzer to support the resistance in Austria after the annexation of Austria to Nazi Germany . When Schütte-Lihotsky's contract with the Academy was terminated, unlike her husband's, she traveled to Vienna in December 1940 on behalf of the Istanbul group to secretly liaise with the resistance movement of the KPÖ as a courier.

A few weeks after her arrival in Vienna, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky was arrested on January 22, 1941, after the betrayal of the informer "Ossi" (the Gestapo agent Kurt Koppel disguised as a KPÖ functionary ) together with Erwin Puschmann , the head of the resistance group in Austria. arrested by the Gestapo. Together with Puschmann and four other members of the resistance group, she was charged with high treason . At the trial, the prosecutor asked for the death penalty for all the accused. Three of the accused (Erwin Puschmann, Franz Sebek and Karl Lisetz) were executed on March 5, 1943. In the judgment of September 22, 1942, Schütte-Lihotzky and two other defendants received long prison sentences. Schütte-Lihotzky was sent to the women's prison in Aichach , Bavaria , to serve a fifteen-year sentence , from which she was liberated by American troops in April 1945. Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky was able to exchange letters with her husband, who remained in Istanbul, both during pre-trial detention and in prison in Aichach. Correspondence was handled through her sister in Vienna. Almost all letters survived the war. They are now fully published. Also preserved is a letter from the Turkish Ministry of Education dated May 4, 1942 to Schütte-Lihotzky, which her lawyer had handed over to the court at the time. Schütte-Lihotsky is requested in the letter for the construction of vocational schools in Turkey. According to her memories, Schütte-Lihotsky believes that it was this letter that saved her from the death penalty because the German side did not want to dupe the Turkish government. (It is disputed whether the letter is real or whether it is a forgery by her husband, who wanted to save her.)

Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky's grave of honor in the Vienna Central Cemetery

After the war, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky first worked in Sofia ( Bulgaria ); In 1947 she and her husband Wilhelm Schütte returned to Vienna, but because of her political views – she remained a communist – she hardly received any public commissions. At that time, the Viennese social democracy was strictly anti-communist. However, around 1950 she was able to design some community buildings (one together with her husband) and a kindergarten on Kapaunplatz ( 20th district ), which is now a listed building.

In 1951 she separated from her husband Wilhelm Schütte. She planned numerous exhibitions, worked on private commissions, for international organizations and for the women's and peace movements. She undertook study trips, was a journalist and worked as a consultant for the People's Republic of China , Cuba and the GDR .

From 1954 to 1956, Schütte-Lihotzky, together with Wilhelm Schütte, Fritz Weber and Karl Eder, planned the Globus publishing house with a printing, editorial and supply wing on Vienna's Höchstädtplatz (20th district) for the Austrian Communist Party . There, among other things, the KPÖ daily newspaper Volksstimme was edited and printed until 1990. Another building designed by her is the Volkshaus in Klagenfurt, which is a listed building. In 1961-1963 she set up another kindergarten in Rinnböckstraße ( 11th district ) for the City of Vienna.

In the 1960s, the architect planned a holiday home for her sister and her husband in Radstadt , Bürgerbergstraße 3, in the state of Salzburg. From that time on, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky spent her summer months in Radstadt, where she impressed the population with her attentiveness and her interest in politics and design. Until the very end, she took an active part in the events of the Kulturkreis Zentrum Radstadt, where a small permanent photo exhibition about the life of Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky can be seen.

Very late her works were publicly recognized in Austria. In 1980, under Mayor Leopold Gratz and City Councilor for Culture Gertrude Fröhlich-Sandner ( Provincial Government and City Senate Gratz III ), it received the Architecture Prize of the City of Vienna. In 1985 the first edition of her memoirs from the resistance was published . Other prizes followed. She refused the award of the Decoration of Honor for Science and Art, which was awarded to her in 1988, by Federal President Kurt Waldheim because of his dubious Nazi past and only accepted the award in 1992, at the age of 95, from his successor Thomas Klestil .

In 1993, the first exhibition of her complete works took place in the Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna under the title "Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky - Social Architecture - Contemporary Witness of a Century". In addition, the exhibition catalog of the same name was published, based on the first comprehensive reappraisal of her entire oeuvre.

After Jörg Haider had described concentration camps as "penal camps" during a debate in the Austrian Parliament about a racist bomb attack that killed four Austrian Roma , Schütte-Lihotzky, together with four other victims of Nazi persecution, complained to the Vienna Commercial Court that Haider because she saw the designation as a gross trivialization of the character of these camps and as a result the inmates were placed in the vicinity of criminals.

Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky at the opening of Margarete-Schuette-Lihotzky-Platz in Radstadt (1997)

Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky celebrated her 100th birthday in 1997, dancing a short waltz with the Mayor of Vienna, Michael Häupl . On this occasion she said: "I would have enjoyed designing a house for a rich man." During the ceremony she received the Ring of Honor of the City of Vienna . On the occasion of her 100th birthday, she was honored by the municipality of Radstadt; since then the square in front of the arsenal at the tower has been called Margarete-Schütte-Lihotzky-Platz.

Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky died in Vienna on January 18, 2000, five days before her 103rd birthday, from complications of influenza . She was buried in a grave of honor in Vienna's central cemetery (group 33 G, number 28).

An unpublished manuscript was found during the processing of her estate. This text was published in 2004 as a book entitled Why I Became an Architect . At the architect's request, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky's estate was handed over to the archive of the University of Applied Arts Vienna and is accessible there for study purposes.

designations

In 2001, the Schütte-Lihotzky-Park in Vienna-Margareten (5th district) and the Margarete-Schütte-Lihotzky-Hof in Vienna - Floridsdorf (21st district) were named after her, followed in 2013 by the Schütte-Lihotzky-Weg in Vienna- Simmering (11th district). After streets in Frankfurt am Main were named after protagonists of the New Frankfurt project , a previously nameless green area was renamed Margarete-Schuette-Lihotzky-Anlage . In Munich, a street and a cultural center bear her name (Margarete-Schuette-Lihotzky-Straße, Kulturzentrum Lihotzky). There is also the Schütte-Lihotzky lecture hall at the Vienna University of Technology.

Association, exhibition and information room

The Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky Club has existed as an independent association since 2013, running the Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky room in 1030 Vienna, Untere Weißgerberstraße 41. All exhibitions and events are open to the general public. The financing of the club is based on public funding, donations, membership fees and sponsorship.

exhibitions

  • Grete Lihotzky. The first years of the architect in Vienna. Exhibition in the Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky room, from June 11 to December 18, 2015.
  • resistance and liberation. Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky in the resistance against National Socialism 1938-1945. Exhibition in the Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky room, from October 25, 2016 to June 30, 2017

awards

buildings and writings

Buildings (selection)

  • Otto-Haas-Hof, Vienna 20th, Winarskystraße 16-20, together with Adolf Loos , Franz Schuster and Karl Dirnhuber , 1924-1926
  • Terraced houses, Vienna 13th, Woinovichgasse 2 and 4, in the Werkbundsiedlung Vienna , 1930–1932
  • Kindergarten in Magnitogorsk , Soviet Union, 1930s
  • Kindergarten at Kapaunplatz, 20th district of Vienna, 1952
  • Globus-Verlag , Vienna 20th, Höchstädtplatz 3, 1954–1956, with Wilhelm Schütte , Fritz Weber and Karl Franz Eder
  • Kindergarten, 11th district of Vienna, Rinnböckstrasse 47, 1961–1963

Fonts (selection)

  • rationalization in the household. In: The new Frankfurt. Issue 5, pp. 120–123. Frankfort 1927.
  • Memories of the Resistance 1938-1945. People and world, Berlin 1985. New edition: Memories from the resistance: The militant life of an architect from 1938-1945. Promedia, Vienna, ISBN 3-900478-80-5 .
  • Why I became an architect. Residence, Salzburg 2004, ISBN 3-7017-1369-3 .
  • China's megacities: pictures and travel diary of an architect (1958) . Edited by Karin Zogmayer. Springer, Vienna 2007, ISBN 3-211-71583-5 .

literature

  • Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky: Memories from the resistance 1938-1945. In conversation with Chup Friemert . Konkret Literatur Verlag, Hamburg 1985.
  • Peter Noever (ed.): The Frankfurt kitchen by Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky from the MAK collection. Ernst, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-433-02392-1 .
  • Peter Noever, MAK (ed.): Renate Allmayer-Beck, Susanne Baumgartner-Haindl, Marion Lindner-Gross, Christine Zwingl: Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky: Social Architecture - Contemporary Witness of a Century. exhibition catalogue. MAK, Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-900688-22-2 .
  • Charles S. Chiu: Women in the Shadows. Pichler Verlag, Vienna 1994, ISBN 978-3-224-17669-0 .
  • Peter Noever, MAK (ed.), Renate Allmayer-Beck, Susanne Baumgartner-Haindl, Marion Lindner-Gross, Christine Zwingl: Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky: Social Architecture - Contemporary Witness of a Century. Böhlau, Vienna 1996, ISBN 3-205-98607-5 .
  • Christine Zwingl: Grete Lihotzky, architect in Vienna, 1921-1926. In: Doris Ingrisch, Ilse Korotin, Charlotte Zwiauer (eds.): The revolution of everyday life. On the intellectual culture of women in Vienna between the wars. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-631-39796-8 , pp. 243-251.
  • Edith Friedl: I never succumbed to his personality...: Margarete Lihotzky and Adolf Loos - a social and cultural historical comparison. Milena, Vienna 2005, ISBN 978-3-85286-130-2 .
  • Edith Friedl: The women don't always follow the influence of the men: About female construction pioneers and their rear guard. In: Christina Altenstraßer et al. (ed.): gender housing. gender-fair building, living, living (= studies on women's and gender research. Volume 5.) Studienverlag, Innsbruck / Vienna / Munich / Bozen 2007.
  • Kerstin Dörhöfer:  Schütte-Lihotzky, Margarete. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , pp. 654–656 ( digitized ).
  • Patrick Werkner (ed.): I am not a kitchen. Contemporary stories from the estate of Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky. With illustrations by Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky. University of Applied Arts, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-85211-139-1 .
  • Willi Weinert: You can extinguish me, but not the fire. Biographies of the resistance fighters executed in the Vienna Regional Court. Vienna, 3rd edition 2011.
  • Johanna Mertinz (ed.): One of many - Kassiber by Elfriede Hartmann and diary excerpts by Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky. Mono Verlag, Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-902727-86-2 .
  • Marcel Bois: Kitchen, Career and Communism. The life of the century of the architect Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky (1897-2000). research project. In: The International Newsletter of Communist Studies Online. XX/XXI (2014/15), no. 27-28, pp. 28-34.
  • Ernst May Society (ed.): Eva B. Ottilinger: The architect Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky. In: maybrief. 044, September 2016, p. 11 ff.
  • Marcel Bois: "Followed a false ideology until death." Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky as a communist intellectual. In: Contemporary History in Hamburg 2017. Research Center for Contemporary History in Hamburg, Hamburg 2018, pp. 66-88.
  • Marcel Bois: Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky and the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research. In: maybrief. 049, June 2018, p. 16 f.
  • Marcel Bois, Bernadette Reinhold (ed.): Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky. Architecture. Politics. Gender. New perspectives on life and work. Basel 2019.
  • Karin Zogmayer (ed.): Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky: Why I became an architect. Residence, Salzburg / Vienna 2019, ISBN 978-3-7017-3497-9 .
  • Mona Horncastle: Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky. architect. resistance fighter. activist. Molden Verlag, Vienna 2019, ISBN 978-3-222-15036-4 .
  • Thomas Flierl (ed.): Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky / Wilhelm Schütte: "Make the way to Prinkipo, my thoughts will accompany you!" The prison correspondence 1941-1945. Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2021, ISBN 978-3-86732-306-2 .
  • Christine Zwingl (ed.): Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky. Traces in Vienna . Promedia-Verlag, Vienna 2021, ISBN 978-3-85371-494-2

web links

Commons : Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

itemizations

  1. ↑ Michael Zajonz: The women of the house In: Der Tagesspiegel August 14, 2004
  2. ↑ Ulrike Eichhorn : Architects. Your job. your life. Edition Eichhorn, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-8442-6702-0 .
  3. ↑ On the settler movement and Lihotzky's commitment, see Marcel Bois: Art and Architecture for a New Society. Russian avant-garde, Arbeitsrat für Kunst and Viennese settler movement in the interwar period. In: Work - Movement - History . Issue III/2017, pp. 12-34, here p. 27.
  4. ↑ Grete Lihotzky: Something about the furnishing of Austrian houses with special consideration of the settlement buildings . In: Silesian Home . Issue 8. Breslau 1921.
  5. ↑ Christine Zwingl: The first years in Vienna . In: Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky - Social architecture - contemporary witness of a century . exhibition catalogue. MAK Vienna 1993.
  6. ↑ The considerations behind this kitchen model are illustrated in a historical video The Frankfurt Kitchen on YouTube .
  7. ↑ Elke Pistorius, Astrid Volpert: Before disappearing: the first quarter of Magnitogorsk, pp. 3–4
  8. ↑ Thomas Flierl: Traveling through time with a box full of letters. In: Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Wilhelm Schütte: Make the way to Prinkipo, my thoughts will accompany you - The prison correspondence 1941-1945 . Ed.: Thomas Flierl, Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2021, ISBN 978-3-86732-306-2 , p. 420 f
  9. ↑ Thomas Flierl: Traveling through time with a box full of letters. In: Margarete Schütte-Lihotski, Wilhelm Schütte: Make the way to Prinkipo, my thoughts will accompany you - The prison correspondence 1941-1945 . Ed.: Thomas Flierl, Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2021, ISBN 978-3-86732-306-2 , p. 478 ff
  10. ↑ Thomas Flierl: Traveling through time with a box full of letters. In: Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Wilhelm Schütte: Make the way to Prinkipo, my thoughts will accompany you - The prison correspondence 1941-1945 . Ed.: Thomas Flierl, Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2021, ISBN 978-3-86732-306-2 , p. 496 ff
  11. ↑ Thomas Flierl: Traveling through time with a box full of letters. In: Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Wilhelm Schütte: Make the way to Prinkipo, my thoughts will accompany you - The prison correspondence 1941-1945 . Ed.: Thomas Flierl, Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2021, ISBN 978-3-86732-306-2 , p. 543
  12. ↑ Thomas Flierl: Traveling through time with a box full of letters. In: Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Wilhelm Schütte: Make the way to Prinkipo, my thoughts will accompany you - The prison correspondence 1941-1945 . Ed.: Thomas Flierl, Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2021, ISBN 978-3-86732-306-2 , p. 7 ff
  13. ↑ Margarete Schütte-Lihotsky: "Recollections from the resistance 1938-1945. In conversation with Chup Friemert. Konkret Literatur Verlag, Hamburg 1985, p.141 ff
  14. ↑ Thomas Flierl: Traveling through time with a box full of letters. In: Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Wilhelm Schütte: Make the way to Prinkipo, my thoughts will accompany you - The prison correspondence 1941-1945 . Ed.: Thomas Flierl, Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2021, ISBN 978-3-86732-306-2 , p. 505 ff
  15. ↑ a b Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky. Kulturkreis Das Zentrum Radstadt, retrieved 10 October 2017 .
  16. ↑ Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky: Memories from the Resistance. The Combative Life of an Architect from 1938–1945 . Promedia, Vienna 2014.
  17. ↑ Peter Noever, MAK (ed.): Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky Social architecture contemporary witness of a century . MAK Vienna 1993.
  18. ↑ Renate Allmayer-Beck, Susanne Baumgartner-Haindl, Marion Lindner-Gross, Christine Zwingl: The work of the architect Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky. Research project (FWF) Vienna 1990-1991.
  19. ↑ Brigitte Bailer-Galanda , Wolfgang Neugebauer : Haider and the "libertarians" in Austria. Elephant Press, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-88520-638-2 , p. 69.
  20. ↑ Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, architect, resistance fighter and communist. In: kpoe.at . Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  21. ^ Munich Cultural Center Lihotzky website , accessed September 23, 2021
  22. ↑ http://www.schuette-lihotzky.at/club.htm
  23. ↑ http://www.schuette-lihotzky.at/raum_ausstellung.htm
  24. ↑ TU Wien: Honorary Doctorates ( Memento des Originals from February 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved March 26, 2015. @1@2Template: Webarchiv/IABot/www.tuwien.ac.at
  25. ↑ Academic honors of the University of Innsbruck - deceased recipients
  26. ↑ List of all decorations awarded by the Federal President for services to the Republic of Austria from 1952 (PDF; 6.9 MB)
  27. ↑ Margarete-Schuette-Lihotzky-Strasse in Munich Schwabing-Freimann. Retrieved December 17, 2018 .
  28. ↑ Description page of the courtyard at Wiener Wohnen
  29. ↑ Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky. In: Architektenlexikon Vienna 1770-1945. Published by the Architekturzentrum Wien . Vienna 2007.
  30. ^ Karl Schwacher (ed.), Günther Feuerstein (ed.): Viennese buildings from 1900 to today , Austrian Building Center, Vienna 1964, p. 53, no. 217a
  31. ↑ Page about Karl Franz Eder. In: Architektenlexikon Vienna 1770-1945. Published by the Architekturzentrum Wien . Vienna 2007.
  32. ↑ Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky. In: Architektenlexikon Vienna 1770-1945. Published by the Architekturzentrum Wien . Vienna 2007.
personal data
SURNAME Schutte-Lihotzky, Margarete
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lihotzky, Margarete (birth name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION first female Austrian architect
BIRTH DATE January 23, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH January 18, 2000
PLACE OF DEATH Vienna