Girls school

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

A girls' grammar school (also called lyceum ) is a grammar school in which only girls are admitted. The concept of the girls 'grammar school, like that of the boys' grammar school , is a form of single education . In the past, special grammar schools for girls were only founded because the general education system did not provide for higher schools for girls, today they are primarily understood as an alternative to coeducational teaching - provided that equal opportunities in education are achieved .

history

The term lyceum (also lyceum , plural lycees ), which is rarely used in Germany today , comes from Latin and goes back to the ancient Greek Λύκειον Lykeion , the name for the gymnasium in ancient Athens in memory of Apollo Lyceus .

In the course of the gradual institutionalization of higher education in the 18th and 19th centuries through the introduction of compulsory schooling and the establishment of grammar schools, a school system had developed everywhere that was primarily intended for boys . For girls, the educational path ended at the latest when they graduate from secondary school for girls or girls (up to around 15/16 years of age) or when they attend a seminar for teachers . It was not until the end of the 19th century, in the wake of the women's movement, that the call for higher and professional education for women was raised, that preparatory “high school courses” for girls and their own girls' high schools were gradually set up .

In the system of the humanistic grammar schools , Latin terms were common, and so the girls’s grammar schools were generally referred to as lyceums, especially in the former Prussian states. In the course of equality, this term has become rarer over time. Not to be confused with the universities of the same name in the Kingdom of Bavaria (see Lyzeum (university) ).

A big step on the way to equality in girls 'education was the petition from 1887 to the Prussian Ministry of Education with the request for equality of girls' education with higher education for boys. This petition was accompanied by the text About the higher girls 'school and its destination , the so-called yellow brochure by Helene Lange , in which she strongly criticized the existing form of higher girls' education.

The first girls' high schools came into being exclusively on the basis of private initiatives, without government support. It all started with the opening of a girls' high school in Prague in 1890 . It offered a two-year preparatory course and a four-year senior course. The final exam was held as a guest at a boys' grammar school. This was followed by the establishment of a girls 'grammar school by the Association for Advanced Women's Education in Vienna in 1892 , to which the responsible minister of education gave its approval, but still reserved the decision as to whether the school leaving examination for the girls' grammar school should also guarantee admission to a subsequent university course. The first girls' grammar school in what is now Germany was founded by the Frauenbildungs-Reform association under the direction of Hedwig Kettler in Karlsruhe in 1893 . The condition for admission was six years of attendance at a higher school for girls.

Also in 1893, three to four-year high school courses for women were offered in Berlin , to which young women who were at least 16, but recommended 18 years of age, were admitted after an aptitude test . In 1894 secondary school courses followed in Leipzig , founded by the General German Women's Association (ADF).

For the girls' grammar schools in Prussia , the year 1908 was decisive, in which the state committed itself to also providing for higher education for girls and thus to enable women to have comprehensive university access.

Fighting games of the Lübeck girls' schools on September 13, 1925 on the Buniamshof

In the course of the 20th century, the principle of co-education increasingly prevailed in the lower school grades , but in the area of ​​high school education in the old Federal Republic, unlike in the GDR, separate teaching was the norm until the 1950 / 1960s . Only with the comprehensive educational reform after 1968 did co- education establish itself as a general standard. Girls 'high schools as well as boys' high schools never died out, but can still be chosen as an alternative today.

literature

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hildegard Küllchen, Sonja Koch, Brigitte Schober, Susanne Schötz (eds.): Women in Science. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2010, p. 27
  2. ↑ Founder of the first German girls' high schools Calendar sheet by Ulrike Rückert, Deutschlandradio Kultur , January 5, 2012
  3. ^ History of the Lessing grammar school
  4. ↑ Angelika Schaser: Women's Movement in Germany 1848-1933. Darmstadt 2006, pp. 24-37.