Settler Movement Vienna

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Settlement Am Müllnermais in the Danube city, built in the 1920s

During the settler movement in Vienna in the 1920s, many Viennese moved into simple dwellings they built themselves on the city limits due to the housing shortage caused by the First World War and the increasingly scarce food. Small gardens ensured the food supply. Their concern was to live independently and self-sufficient from the city. While the first buildings were still being erected illegally, the city quickly supported the project.

history

Not much of the government-supported reform initiatives, which had successful beginnings in England and Germany, had not yet reached Vienna. Encouraged by the need and the November Revolution, the movement quickly organized itself into so-called settler cooperatives . If the buildings were still illegal, the city gave way after three mass demonstrations and in 1921 founded the Community Settlement and Building Materials Agency (Gesiba). This supplied the building materials, the construction work itself was carried out by the settlers . By the end of 1925, around 3000 settler houses were built .

Adolf Loos wrote The Settler Movement that has attacked all residents of this city and made his skills as an architect available to the municipal settlement office under Max Ermers (1881–1950), other architects called in by Ermers were Josef Frank and the young professional Margarete Lihotzky .

In 1981, Klaus Novy divided the movement into 4 phases in his essay Self-Help as a Reform Movement :

  • Phase I: Emergency project from below - the wild settlements 1919/1920
  • Phase II: Development of a large-scale system of organized self-help 1921–1922 / 23
  • Phase III: The communal appropriation of the settler idea: The movement was stopped by communal settlements 1924–1929
  • Phase IV: Emergency project from above: suburban settlement as unemployment settlement 1930 ff

From 1923 the municipality of Vienna devoted itself more and more to the construction of community buildings and the settlement movement faded somewhat into the background. However, a number of garden-city-like settlements were also subsequently planned by the municipality of Vienna, especially since the idea of ​​“superblocks” on which most municipal buildings of the time was based was not endorsed by all architects.

See also

literature

  • Marcel Bois : Art and Architecture for a New Society. Russian avant-garde, Labor Council for Art and the Viennese Settler Movement in the Interwar Period , in: Work - Movement - History , Issue III / 2017, pp. 12–34.
  • Elke Krasny: Hands-on Urbanism 1850–2012 On the Right to Green. Turia + Kant, Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-85132-677-2 .
  • Klaus Novy: Self-help as a reform movement. The struggle of the settlers after the 1st World War. in: Arch + 55, Kampf um Selbsthilfe, February 1, 1981, pp. 27-40.
  • Elisabeth Barbara Judmaier: LinkThe [New] Settler Movement in Vienna [?]. Vienna, Univ. for soil culture, master's thesis, 2011.
  • Klaus Novy: The Vienna Settler Movement 1918-1934. Klenkes, Aachen 1982.
  • Robert Hoffmann: Take hack and spade ... Settlement and settler movement in Austria 1918–1938. 1987.
  • Klaus Novy, Günther Uhlig: The Viennese settler movement 1918–1934. 1982.
  • Inge Podbrecky: Red Vienna. 2003.
  • Ulrike Zimmerl: Viennese settler movement and settlement system in the interwar period. 1998.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Vienna Settler Movement. In: dasrotewien.at - Web dictionary of the Viennese social democracy. SPÖ Vienna (Ed.)
  2. ↑ a b Elke Krasny: Hands-on Urbanism 1850-2012 From the right to green. Turia + Kant, Vienna 2012, pp. 128–159.
  3. ↑ Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky: Zeitzeugin , in: Displaced reason: Emigration and exile Austrian science. 2nd International Symposium, October 19-23, 1987 in Vienna . Vienna: Jugend und Volk 1988, p. 630