Elfriede Hartmann

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Image of the tombstone in the Vienna Central Cemetery, group 40

Elfriede Beate Hartmann , also Friedl Hartmann ( May 21, 1921 in Vienna - November 2, 1943 there ) was an Austrian student and resistance fighter against National Socialism . She was sentenced to death by the Nazi judiciary and beheaded in the Vienna Regional Court at the age of 22 .

Life

Born as the daughter of the insurance officer Alexander Herbert Hartmann and the handicraft teacher Hermine Hartmann , b. Schiefer , she grew up in Döbling and attended the girls' high school in Billrothstrasse, where she also graduated in 1939. After a few months of employment, she enrolled in chemistry at the University of Vienna in January 1940 , but was expelled as a “ first degree hybrid ” in May of the same year. Then she got by with tutoring.

Through her partner, the locksmith Rudolf Masl (also Mašl or "de-Czechized" Maschl ), she came into contact with the Communist Youth Association (KJVÖ) as early as autumn 1938 . She quickly became head of Area III, which comprised Vienna's districts 5, 6, 7, 12 and 13, and also took over the contacts with the KJVÖ groups in Salzburg, Linz and St. Pölten. In the spring of 1941, she resigned from this position in order to devote herself to setting up a "lit apparatus" and producing the newspaper "Die Rote Jugend", most of which she wrote herself. Her code name in the communist movement was "Paula".

Hartmann also belonged to the KJVÖ group “ The Soldiers' Council ” and wrote a letter to members of the Wehrmacht, which was copied on a large scale, but could not be sent because the field post was blocked. She received well over a thousand field post numbers from soldiers from her partner, who had been drafted . Between October 1941 and February 1942, numerous envelopes were again addressed to soldiers and civilians to send pamphlets. On February 24, 1942 Elfriede Hartmann was arrested and imprisoned in the police building on Elisabethpromenade ; the charge was preparation for high treason and favoring the enemy . In numerous cash registers she tried to persuade her relatives to try to rescue Rudolf Masl, who had also been arrested. As a witness in the trial against her partner on March 17, 1943, she tried to exonerate him, but in vain. Masl took all the guilt on himself and tried for his part to exonerate his partner. Masl was sentenced to death and executed by guillotine on August 27, 1943 .

On September 22, 1943, she herself stood before the People's Court . Hartmann was also sentenced to death and deprivation of honorary rights for life. A motion to retrial was rejected as inadmissible. She was also executed on November 2, 1943.

Commemoration

On the grave of the Masl family at the Hirschstetten cemetery there is a memorial stone for Elfriede Hartmann and her partner Rudolf Masl (in group E, row 3, grave 52). Her name can also be found on a plaque in the former execution room of the Vienna Regional Court .

literature

  • Alfred Klahr Society : Short biography Elfriede Hartmann , accessed on February 9, 2015
  • Documentation archive of the Austrian Resistance : Short biography of Rudolf Masl , accessed on February 9, 2015
  • KPÖ (ed.): Immortal victims . Fallen in the struggle of the Communist Party for Austria's freedom. Vienna undated, pp. 90–92 (Friedl and Rudolf)
  • Maria Tidl: Elfriede Hartmann - one of many. In: The new reminder call. Vol. 28, No. 7/8 (July / August 1975), p. (5) ( online at ANNO ).
  • Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance (ed.): Letters from prison. The Elfriede Hartmann cash register collection of the DÖW. OO, no date
  • Alfred-Klahr-Gesellschaft (ed.): I want you to always stay close to you ... Biographies of communist resistance fighters in Austria. With comments on the resistance struggle of the Communist Party of Austria, Vienna, 1997, p. 26.
  • Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance (ed.): Gedenken und Mahnen in Vienna 1934–1945.
  • Memorials to resistance and persecution, exile, liberation. A documentation. Deuticke, Vienna, 1998.
  • Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance, DÖW 19.793 / 56, 20.000 / h190.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tidl: Elfriede Hartmann (see under 'Literature'), note 3.
  2. ↑ Death sentence as PDF at the Documentation Archive of the Austrian Resistance .
  3. ^ Postwar Justice , accessed February 10, 2015
personal data
SURNAME Hartmann, Elfriede
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hartmann, Friedl; Hartmann, Elfriede Beate (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian student and resistance fighter against National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH May 21, 1921
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH November 2, 1943
Place of death Vienna