List of resistance fighters against National Socialism

This list includes those involved in the resistance against National Socialism , unless they were mainly involved in the assassination attempt of July 20, 1944 . Those involved in it and in the Kreisau Circle are listed in the list of people from July 20, 1944 . The members of the Rote Kapelle are in the list of persons of the "Rote Kapelle" . See also the list of people in the Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein organization . Those involved in resistance organizations in Hamburg are listed under: people from the Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen group , people from the Etter-Rose-Hampel group and people from the White Rose Hamburg .

As resistance fighters men and women are here in the German Reich and it occupied countries who risked their lives to overthrow the Nazi regime to denounce the crimes of the Second World War to prevent German attacks on other countries to interfere with or to people who were persecuted by the National Socialists to protect.

The name, year of birth and year of death are followed by the resistance group to which the person belonged or the note “lone fighter”.

A.

Wilhelm Abegg (1876–1951), DDP , Movement Free Germany in Switzerland
Wolfgang Abendroth (1906–1985), KPO , New Beginning , ELAS
Friedrich Ablass (1895–1949), DDP
Alexander Abusch (1902–1982), KPD
Anton Ackermann (1905–1973), KPD
Korbinian Aigner (1885–1966), Catholic Church
Alexander Heinrich Alef (1885–1945), Catholic Church
Alfred Althus (1888–1943), SPD , supporter of the Polish resistance group around Ignaz Hulka
Wichard von Alvensleben (1902–1982), military resistance
Jean Améry (1912–1978), member of the Resistance in Belgium
Günter Ammon (1918–1995), White Rose
Etkar André (1894–1936), KPD
Ruth Andreas-Friedrich (1901–1977), lone fighter, Uncle Emil
Alojs Andritzki (1914–1943) Catholic Church
Willy Anker (1885–1960), SPD
Martha Arendsee (1885–1953), KPD
Elsa Arnold (1903–1986), Resistance
Willem Arondeus (1894–1943), Dutch resistance
Arthur Doctor (1880–1953), SPD, Sopade
Rosa Aschenbrenner (1885–1967), Rote Hilfe
Erich Auer (1902–1978), KPD
Judith Auer (1905–1944), KPD
Walter Auerbach (1905–1975), SPD, ITF
Siegfried Aufhäuser (1884–1969), SPD, RSD
Hermann Axen (1916–1992), KPD

B.

Walter Bacher (1893–1944), SPD
Bruno Bachler (1924–2011), KPD, edelweiss pirates
Kurt Bachmann (1909–1997), KPD
Josef Anton Baldermann (1903–1943), Austrian social democrat.
Lagi Countess von Ballestrem (1909–1955), Solf district
Herbert Balzer (1897–1945), KPD
Karl Baier (1887–1973), Red Aid
Erich Baron (1881–1933), KPD
Walter Bartel (1904–1992), communist
Walter Barth (1911–1945), KPD
Heinz Bartsch (1906–1944), KPD
Milo Barus (1906–1977), German-Czech resistance fighter
Wilhelm Bauche (1899–1959), SPD
Bruno Baum (1910–1971), KPD
Herbert Baum (1912–1942), KJVD , Herbert Baum Group
Marianne Baum (1912–1942), Herbert Baum Group
Maurice Bavaud (1916–1941), Swiss Hitler bomber, lone fighter
Heinrich Bayer (1909–1944), Jehovah's Witness
Erwin Beck (1911–1988), SPD-RK
Artur (also: Arthur) Becker (1905–1938), KPD
Fritz Behn (1904–1944), KPD
Arno Behrisch (1913–1989), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany , ITF
Wilhelm Beier (1905–1988), KPD
Alfons Beil (1896–1997), Catholic Church
Hans Beimler (1895–1936), KPD
Walter Beling (1899–1988), Resistance
Alfred Benjamin (1911–1942), Resistance
Georg Benjamin (1895–1942), KPD
Edgar Bennert (1890–1960), KPD
August Benninghaus (1880–1942) Jesuit Catholic Church
August Berger (1892–1945), SPD
Hans Berger (1916–1943), IKD
Hilde Berger (1914–2011), IKD, secretary to Oskar Schindler
Mélanie Berger-Volle (* 1921), Austro-French Trotskyist
Josef Bergmann (1913–2005) KPO
Georg Bernard (1876–1945), trade unionist
Irene Bernard (1908-2002), Resistance
Irena Bernášková (1904–1942), Czech resistance fighter
Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff (1890–1945), Solf-Kreis
Georg Berthelé (1877–1949), Red Aid
Gustav Bermel (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld group
Wilhelm Beuttel (1900–1944), Red Aid
Robert Bialek (1915–1956), KJVD, KPD-O
Karl Biedermann (1890–1945), Operation Radetzky
Otto Biehl (1895–1974), SPD
Dagobert Biermann (1904–1943), KPD
Charlotte Bischoff (1901–1994), KPD
Fritz Bischoff (1900–1945), KPD
Peter Blachstein (1911–1977), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany , SJVD , Neuer Weg group
František Bláha (1886–1945), Czech general and resistance fighter of the Obrana národa
Conrad Blenkle (1901–1943), KPD
Willi Bleicher (1907–1981), KPD, trade union
Philipp Bleek (1878–1948), Confessing Church
Isabelle Blume (1892–1975), Belgian Workers' Party
Werner Blumenberg (1900–1965), Socialist Front
Felix Bobek (1898–1938), KPD
Franz Bobzien (1906–1941), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany , SJVD
Herbert Bochow (1906–1942), KPD
Fritz Bock (1911-1993), O5
Franz Boehm (1880–1945), lone fighter
Karl Böchel (1884–1946), SPD, RSD
Gustav Böhrnsen (1914–1998), SPD, trade unionist
Wilhelm Boller (1904–1943), Red Aid
Heinrich Bollinger (1916–1990), White Rose
Wilhelm Bollinger (1919–1975), White Rose
Erich Boltze (1905–1944), KPD
Eugen Bolz (1881–1945), Center Party
Wolfgang Bonde (1902–1945), German Legation Stockholm
Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945), Confessing Church
Klaus Bonhoeffer (1901–1945), BK
Jakob Boulanger (1897–1968), KPD
Karl Brand (1897–1978), KPD
Alwin Brandes (1866–1949), SPD, DMV chairman, union resistance fighter
Willy Brandt (1913–1992), Socialist Workers' Party in Germany
Otto Brass (1875–1950), German Popular Front
Angela Braun-Stratmann (1892–1966), SPD, Saar Fighter Association
Max Braun (1892–1945) SPD, Saar Fighters Association
Friedrich Brauner (1889–1942), lone fighter
Josef Brazdovics (1904–1969) SDAP, KPÖ
Willi Bredel (1901–1964), KPD
Rudolf Breitscheid (1874–1944), SPD
Heinrich Brenner (1908–1986), KPD, International Brigades , Resistance
Otto Brenner (1907–1972), Socialist Workers' Party in Germany
Hermann Brill (1895–1959), New Beginning, German Popular Front , Buchenwald Popular Front Committee
Karl Bröger (1886–1944), SPD
Eva von Brockdorff (1909–1995), KPD, Rote Hilfe
Paul Bromme (1906-1975), Sopade , RSD
Arnolt Bronnen (1895-1959), Willy-Fred
Johannes Brumme (1909–1967), KPD
Eberhard Brünen (1906–1980), Socialist Workers' Party in Germany
Jonny Bruer (1888–1943), SPD, KPD
Karl Brunner (1889–1964), home guard
Max Brunnow (1896–1940), KPD
Werner Bruschke (1898–1995), SPD
Adolf Buchholz “Appel” (1912–1978), KPD
Franz Xaver Büchs (1889–1940), SPD, KPD-O
Klaus Bücking (1908–1980), Red Help
Willi Budich (1890–1938), Red Aid
Hermann Budzislawski (1901–1978), SPD, NB
Klaus Bücking (1908–1980), Red Help
Ernst Burger (1915–1944), Kampfgruppe Auschwitz , KPÖ
Jakob Burger (1896–1944), SPD
Carl Burmester (resistance fighter, 1901) (1901–1934), KPD
Carl Burmester (resistance fighter, 1905) (1905–?), SPD
Ernst Busch (1900–1980), KPD
Ernst Buschmann (1914–1996), KPD, Resistance / "Free Germany" movement
Axel von dem Bussche (1919–1993), military resistance, attempted assassination

C.

Walter Caldonazzi (1916–1945), Maier-Messner-Caldonazzi
Wilhelm Canaris (1887–1945), defense
Emil Carlebach (1914-2001), KPD
Walter Caro (resistance fighter) (1899–1944), European Union
Walter Caro (chemist) (1909–1988), KPD, agent of the Soviet military intelligence service GRU
Rudolf Claus (1893–1935), Red Aid
Heinrich Czerkus (1894–1945), KPD
Franz Czeminski (1876–1945), SPD

D.

Oswald Damian (1889–1978), pacifist, religious socialist
Hermann Danz (1906–1945), KPD
Jakob Dautzenberg (1897–1979), KPD
Edmond Debeaumarché (1906–1959), Resistance
Alfred Delp (1907–1945), Catholic Church
Ria Deeg (1907-2000), Red Aid
Thomas Dehler (1897–1967), Robinsohn-Strassmann-Group
Hans Deichmann (1907-2004), Resistancea
Victor Delplanque (1881–1944), French resistance fighter
Anton Dey (1892–1973), SPD
Max Diamant (1908-1992), SAPD
Willi Dickhut (1904–1992), KPD
Constantin von Dietze (1891–1973)
Kurt Karl Doberer (1904-1993), SPD
Jaroslav Dobrovolský (1895–1942), Czech, member of the resistance organization Obrana národa
Hans von Dohnanyi (1902–1945), Confessing Church
Harald Dohrn (1885–1945), White Rose , Freedom Campaign Bavaria
Hugolinus Dörr (1895–1940), Christian Resistance
Fritz Dressel (1896–1933), KPD
Joseph E. Drexel (1896–1976), Ernst Niekisch resistance movement
Alfred Drögemüller (1913–1988), KPD
Prokop Drtina (1900–1980), Czech resistance fighter (establishment of the resistance groups Parsifal and Politické ústředí )
Hermann Drumm (1909–1937), SPD, International Brigades
Ilona Duczyńska (1897–1978), Polish-Hungarian-Canadian resistance fighter
Heinrich Dürmayer (1905–2000), Kampfgruppe Auschwitz , KPÖ

E.

Fritz Eberhard (1896–1982), ISK
Erwin Eckert (1893–1972), BRSD , KPD
Ernst Eckstein (1897–1933), SAPD
Oskar Edel (1892–1958), SPD
Hans Ehrenberg (1883–1958), Confessing Church
Willi Eichler (1896–1971), ISK
Alfred Eickworth (1907–1943), KPD
Hans Eiden (1901–1950), KPD
Johannes Eidlitz (1920–2000), Austrian Combat League, O5
Erna Eifler (1908–1944), KPD
Ludwig Einicke (1904–1975), KPD
Elvira Eisenschneider (1924–1944), NKFD
Paul Eisenschneider (1901–1944), KPD
Fritz Elsas (1890-1945), DDP / DStP
Georg Elser (1903–1945), lone fighter
Arthur Emmerlich (1907–1942), KPD
Joseph Emonds (1898–1975), Catholic Church
August Enderle (1887–1959), SAPD
Ernst Enge (1893–1944), KPD
Rudolf Engel (1903–1993), KPD
Otto Engert (1895–1945), KPD
Bernt Engelmann (1921–1994), non-party
Leopold Engleitner 1905–2013, Jehovah's Witness
Fritz Erler (1913–1967), Beginning Again
Alfred Etscheit (1879–1944), Solf Circle

F.

Walter Fabian (1902–1992) Socialist Workers' Party in Germany
Minna Faßhauer (1875–1949) Communist Councilor Union
Heinrich Fehrentz (1908–1943)
Marianne Feldhammer (1909–1996), Willy-Fred
Edo Fimmen (1882–1942), Union of German Railway Workers and Dutch Resistance
Wilhelm Firl (1894–1937), KPD
Karl Fischer (1918–1963), Austrian Trotskyist
Maria Fischer (1897–1962), Austrian Trotskyist
Maria Fischer (1903–1943), Austrian communist
Rudolf Fischer (1905–1943), Austrian communist
Werner Fischer (1913–1945), KPD
Hermann Fischer (1912–1984), Red Aid and Brümmer-Kleine resistance group
Oskar Fischer (painter) (1892–1955), European Union
Johann Fladung (1898–1982), KPD
Leo Flieg (1893–1939), KPD
Wilhelm von Flügge (1887–1953), Defense Office
Birger Forell (1893–1958), Swedish Church (Berlin)
Siegfried Forstreuter (1914–1944), KPD
Alfred Frank (1884–1945), KPD
Willi Frank (1909–1945), KPÖ
Egon Franke (1913-1995), SPD
David Frankfurter (1909–1982), lone fighter
Hermann Frieb (1909–1943), Beginning anew
Georg Fritze (1874–1939), FRSD
August Froehlich (1891–1942), German Roman Catholic priest, pastor of Rathenow
Kurt Frölich (1893–1941), KPD
Paul Frölich (1884–1953), Socialist Workers' Party in Germany
Emil Fuchs (1874–1971), BRSD
Julius Fučík (1903–1943), Czech communist
Albert Funk (1894–1933), KPD
Ewald Funke (1905–1938), KPD
Otto Funke (1915–1997), KPD
Friedl Fürnberg (1902–1978), partisan in the Austrian freedom battalions
Max Fürst (1905–1978), writer
Franz Josef Furtwängler (1894–1965), SPD

G

Albrecht Gaiswinkler (1905–1979), British secret service special operations executive
Clemens August Graf von Galen (1878–1946), Catholic. church
Willi Gall (1908–1941), KPD
Otto Galle (1897–1944), KPD
Jakob Gapp (1897–1943), Cath. church
Martin Gauger (1905–1941), Confessing Church , conscientious objector
Lisa Gavric (1907–1974), Resistance
Anton Gebert (1885–1942) Catholic Church
Herta Geffke (1893–1974), Red Aid
Ludwig Gehm (1905-2002), ISK , ELAS
Johann Gerdes (1896–1933), KPD
Otto Gerig (1885–1944), center
Fritz Gerlich (1883–1934), editor-in-chief of the catholic combat paper The Straight Way
Erna Gersinski (1896–1964), KPD
Kurt Gerstein (1905–1945), Protestant Church (controversial)
Eugen Gerstenmaier (1906–1986), Confessing Church , Kreisau district
Ala Gertner (1912–1945), Polish resistance fighter in Auschwitz
Johann Geusendam (1886–1945), Red Aid
Etty Gingold (1913-2001), KPD
Leo Gingold (1915–1943), Resistance , Travail allemand (TA), arrested on July 16, 1942 in Paris
Peter Gingold (1916–2006), KPD
Karl Gitzoller (1905-2002), Willy-Fred
Helene Glatzer (1902–1935), KPD
Gerhard Gleißberg (1905–1973), SPD
Paul Gmeiner (1892–1944), KPD
Erich Gniffke (1895–1964) SPD
Joseph Götz (1895–1933), KPD
Rudi Goguel (1908–1976), KPD
Albert Goldenstedt (1912–1994), Red Aid, KPD
Kurt Goldstein (1914–2007) KPD
Bernhard Göring (1897–1949), AfA-Bund , New Beginning, BRSD
Hans Gottfurcht (1896–1982), trade union resistance
Herta Gotthelf (1902–1963), SPD
Hugo Gräf (1892–1958), Red Aid
Willi Graf (1918–1943), White Rose
Josef Hans Grafl (1921–2008), British Secret Service Special Operations Executive
Anton Granig (1901–1945), AFÖ
Kurt Gregor (1907–1990), Red Aid
Karl Gröger (1918–1943), Dutch resistance
Karl Grönsfelder (1882–1964), KPD
Maria Grollmuß (1896–1944), SPD
Georg Groscurth (1904–1944), European Union
Rudolf Grosse (1905–1942), KPD
Nikolaus Groß (1898–1945), KAB
Otto Grotewohl (1894–1964), SPD
Karl Gruber (1909–1995), “Rosengarten”, O5
Kurt Gruber (1912–1945), KPD, London “Free Germans” of the OSS (CIA), killed
Hans Grundig (1901–1958), KPD
Paul Gruner (1890–1947), KPD
Hanno Günther (1921–1942), Red Boy Scouts
Gustav Gundelach (1888–1962), KPD
Rudolf Gyptner (1923–1944), KPD

H

Lina Haag (1907–2012), KPD
Christoph Hackethal (1899–1942) Catholic Church
Georg Häfner (1900–1942), Catholic Church
Kurt Hager (1912–1998), KPD
Kurt Hälker (1922-2010), Resistance
Martin Hänisch (1910–1998), KPD
Otto Halle (1903–1987), KPD
Rudolf Hallmeyer (1908–1943), KPD
Werner Hansen (1905–1972), ISK
Rudolf Harlaß (1892–1944), KPD
Elli Hatschek (1901–1944), European Union
Theodor Haubach (1896–1945), SPD
Knut Haugland 1917–2009, Norwegian heavy water sabotage
Hans Hauschulz (1912–1951), Red Aid
Erich Hausen (1900–1973), KPO
Antoni Heda (1916–2008), Polish Home Army
Ernst Hegewisch (1881–1963), Red Aid
Georg D. Heidingsfelder (1899–1967), Catholic Church
Rudolf-Ernst Heiland (1910–1965), IKD
Ernst Heilmann (1881–1940), SPD
Karl Heinrich (1890–1945), SPD, Reichsbanner
Willi Heinze (1910–1945), KPD, Robert Uhrig Group
Bernhard Heinzmann (1903–1942), Catholic Church
Hans Heisel (1922–2012), Resistance , CALPO
Walter Held (1910–1942), IKD
Richard Heller (1908–1944), KPD
Emil Henk (1893–1969), SPD
Georg Henke (1908–1986), KPD
Albert Hensel (1895–1942), KPD
Max Herm (1899–1982), KPD
Liselotte Herrmann (1909–1938), KPD
Willi Herrmann (1897–1944), KPD
Luise Herrmann-Ries (1904–1971), KPD, women's rights activist
Theo Hespers (1903-1943)
Karl Hetz (1906–1985), National Committee Free Germany
Ernst Ludwig Heuss (1910–1967), Goerdeler-Kreis , Solf-Kreis
František Hieke (1893–1984), Czech colonel and resistance fighter of the Obrana národa
Friedrich Hielscher (1902–1990), Conservative Revolution
Rainer Hildebrandt (1914–2004), Haushofer district
Else Himmelträger (1905–1944), Schlotterbeck resistance group from Luginsland
Oskar Hippe (1900–1990), Trotskyite
Michael Hirschberg (1889–1937), SPD
Clemens Högg (1880–1945), SPD
Arthur Hoffmann (1900–1945), KPD, National Committee Free Germany
Fritz Hoffmann (1907–1942), KPD
Bedřich Homola (1887–1943), Czech general and resistance fighter of the Obrana národa
Erich Honecker (1912–1994), KPD
Paul Hörbiger (1894–1981), Richard Patsch resistance group
Anneliese Hoevel (1898–1942), KPD
Kurt Huber (1893–1943), White Rose
Rupert Huber (1896–1945), Anti-Nazi German Popular Front
Helmuth Hübener (1925–1942), Hamburg group of four
Walter Huder (1921–2002)
Alois Hundhammer (1900–1974), then the youngest member of the Bavarian State Parliament
Peter Hüppeler (1913–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
Friedrich Ernst Husemann (1873–1935), SPD and Old Association
Alfred Huth (1918–1945), Operation Radetzky
Oskar Huth (1918–1991), lone fighter

I.

Pelle Igel (1905–1981), KPD
Hans Ils (1906–1988), Socialist Workers' Party in Germany
Max Ingberg (1904–1983), SPD, Sopade , board member of Sopade in Belgium
Barbara Issakides (1914–2011), Maier-Messner-Caldonazzi

J

Berthold Jacob Salomon (1898–1944), Socialist Workers' Party
Rudolf Jacobs (1914–1944), “Ugo Muccini” in Italy
Jožka Jabůrková (1896–1942), Czech anti-fascist activist
Hildegard Jadamowitz (1916–1942), KPD, Herbert Baum group
Franz Jägerstätter (1907–1943), lone fighter, Catholic Church
Hans Jahn (1885–1960), ITF railway organization
Hermann Jahn (1894–1946), KPD, Neubauer-Poser organization
Mathias Jakobs (1885–1935), Prussian member of the SPD state parliament
Julius von Jan (1897–1964), Confessing Church
Ludwig Jedlicka (1916–1977), Szokoll group
Hans Jendretzky (1897–1992), KPD
Marianne Joachim (1921–1943), Herbert Baum group
Andrée de Jongh (1916–2007), Belgian, Réseau Comète escape aid network

Anton Joos (1900–1999), KPD

Marie Juchacz (1879–1956), Arbeiterwohlfahrt , Sopade

Alfred Jung (1908–1944), KPD

Franz Jung (1888–1963), KAPD and Red Fighters

Karl Jungbluth (1903–1945), KPD

Georg Jungclas (1902–1975), IKD

K

Max Kahane (1910-2004), KPD
Hans Kahle (1899–1947), KPD
Otto Kahn-Freund (1900–1979), lawyer
Jakob Kaiser (1888–1961), Center Party
Martin Kalb (1906–1979), KPD, XI. International Brigade , CALPO , US Army
Hellmut Kalbitzer (1913-2006), ISK
Pierre Kaldor (1912-2010), Resistance fighter,
Adolfo Kaminsky (* 1925), Resistance
Heinz Kapelle (1913–1941), KPD
Josef Kappius (1907–1967), ISK and Independent Socialist Union
Jan Karski (1914–2000), Polish Home Army
Peter Kasper (1907–1939), CPSU , Comintern
Jacob Kastelic (1897–1944), founder of the Greater Austrian freedom movement
Katharina Katzenmaier (1918–2000), Christian lone fighter
Friedrich Kellner (1885–1970), SPD
Karl August Kipp (1911–1959), lone fighter
Hans Kippenberger (1898–1937), KPD
Alfons Kirchgässner (1909–1993), Catholic. church
Kilian Kirchhoff (1892–1944), cath. church
Johanna Kirchner (1889–1944), SPD, Red Aid
Emil Kirschmann (1888–1948), Sopade
Käthe Kirschmann (1915–2002), Sopade
Ernst Kirchweger (1898–1965), KPÖ
Georg Klaus (1912–1974), KPD
Erich Klausener (1885–1934), Catholic Church
Fritz Klein (1898–1944), SPD
Reinhold Kleinlein (1883–1944), KPD
Friedrich Klemstein (1893–1945), KPD
Hermann Klepell (1918–1945), Maier-Messner-Caldonazzi
Walter Klingenbeck (1924–1943), Munich group of four
Heinrich Kloppers (1891–1944), Reichsbanner Black-Red-Gold and Ev. Youth club
Marie Catherine Kneup (1899–1938), double agent
Wilhelm Knöchel (1899–1944), KPD
Waldemar von Knoeringen (1906–1971), SPD, New Beginning
Ferdinand Kobitzki (1890–1944), KPD
Gertrud Koch (1924–2016), Edelweiss pirates
Hans Koch (1893–1945), Confessing Church
Ludwig Koch (1909–2002), ISK
Bernard Koenen (1889–1964), Red Aid and National Committee Free Germany
Otto Kohlhofer (1915–1988), Red Aid
Anna Bertha Königsegg (1883–1948), cath. church
Olga Körner (1887–1969), KPD
Fritz Kolbe (1900–1971), lone fighter
Otto Korfes (1889–1964), NKFD
Alfred Kowalke (1907–1944), KPD
Werner Kowalski (1901–1943), KPD
Hanns Kralik (1900–1971), KPD
Walter Krämer (1892–1941), KPD
Heinrich Kratina (1906–1944), Ehrenfeld group
Wilhelm Kratz (1902–1944), Ehrenfeld group
Gerhard Krause (1887–1950)
Luise Kraushaar (1905–1989), Resistance
Willi Kreikemeyer (1894–1950), KPD
Felix Kreissler (1917–2004), Resistance
Lothar Kreyssig (1898–1986) lawyer, BK
Henry Wilhelm Kristiansen (1902–1942), Norges Kommunistiske Parti
Otto Kropp (1907–1937), KPD
Maria Krüger (1907–1987), Red Help
Werner Kube (1923-1945)
Alfred Kubel (1909–1999), ISK
Marie Kudeříková (1921–1943), Czech anti-fascist activist
Karl Kuhn (1910–1984), SPD, Reichsbanner Black-Red-Gold , International Brigades , French Army
Heinz Kühn (1912–1992), SPD
Otto Kühne (1893–1955), KPD and Resistance
Karl Kunger (1901–1943), KPD
Franz artist (1888–1942), SPD
Erich Kürschner (1889–1966), New Beginning, BRSD
Albert Kuntz (1896–1945), KPD
Erich Kurz (1895–1944), KPD
Karel Kutlvašr (1895–1961), Czech general and resistance fighter of the Obrana národa
Erich Kuttner (1887–1942), SPD, RSD

L.

D Guy Kurt Lachmann (1906–1987), Reichsbanner, Socialist Protection Association, French Army, Resistance
Max Lackmann (1910–2000), Protestant church
Arno Lade (1892–1944), KPD
Karl Ladé (1909–1945), KPD
Erwin von Lahousen (1897–1955), officer
Josef Lampersberger (* 1912), Red Rebels
Josef Landgraf (1924–2018), Viennese group of four
Josef Lang (1902–1973), SAPD
Hermann Langbein (1912–1995), Kampfgruppe Auschwitz, KPÖ
Hermann Lange (1912–1943), Catholic. church
Ernst Langguth (1908–1983), KPD
Rudi Lattner (1904–1945), VKA ("Red Mountain Climbers")
Franz Latzel (1880–1941), KPD
Julius Leber (1891-1945), SPD
Georg Lechleiter (1885–1942), KPD
Karl Lederer (1909–1944), Austrian freedom movement
Ernst Lehmann (1908–1945), SPD
Franz Lehmann (1899–1945), KPD
Hans Lehnert (1899–1942), ISK
Heinz Leidersdorf (1906–1943), IKD
Erna Lenz (1900–1955), KPD
Gerhard Leo (1923–2009), communist, Resistance .
Theodor Lessing (1872–1933), lone fighter
Bernhard Letterhaus (1894–1944), KAB, Catholic Church
Bruno Max Leuschner (1910–1965), KPD
Wilhelm Leuschner (1890–1944), SPD
Bernhard Lichtenberg (1875–1943), Catholic Church
Simone Arnold Liebster (* 1930), Jehovah's Witness
Franz-Maria Liedig (1900–1967), officer
Käthe Limbach (1915-2003), KPD (Young Communists)
Rosa Lindemann (1876–1958), KPD
Herta Lindner (1920–1943), KJVD
Ludwig Linsert (1907–1981), ISK
Hans Litten (1903–1938), Red Aid
Maria Lobe (1912-2001), KPD
Paul Löbe (1875–1967), SPD
Kurt Lohberger (1914–2008), KPD
Johannes Lohr (1875–1941), Protestant clergyman
Adam Löhr (1889–1938), KPD, workers' sport
Walter Loewenheim (1896–1977), Beginning Again
Robert Limpert (1925–1945), lone fighter
Roland Lorent (1920–1944), Ehrenfeld group
Marinus van der Lubbe (1909–1934), lone fighter ( Reichstag fire )
Ludwig Philipp Lude (1895–1961), SPD
Erna Lugebiel (1898–1984)
Rudolf Lunau (1906 – missing after 1943), KPD
Gertrud Lutz (1910–1944), Schlotterbeck Group

M.

Charles Machon (1893–1944), printer of an underground newspaper in Guersey
Max Maddalena (1895–1943), KPD, trade union ( RGO )
Oskar Mai (1892–1945), KPD
Johann Maier (1906–1945), Catholic Church
Heinrich Maier (1908–1945), Maier-Messner-Caldonazzi
Adolf Maislinger (1903–1985), KPD
Maria Countess von Maltzan (1909–1997), Solf-Kreis
Hans Marchwitza (1890–1965), KPD
Hilde Marchwitza (1900–1961), resistance group around Hans Westermann
Milada Marešová (1901–1987), Czech artist and designer of the illegal magazine V boj
Sister Maria Restituta (actually Helene Kafka; 1894–1943), Catholic Church
Elpidius Markötter (1911–1942) Catholic Church
Walter Markov (1909–1993), student resistance
Ludwig Marmulla (1908–1990), resistance group around John Sieg and Paul Junius
Johann Mathieu (1888–1961), KPD, trade unions
Adolf Mayer (1918–1996), International Brigades
Rupert Mayer (1876–1945), pastor and pastor
Otto Meier (1889–1962), SPD
Hilde Meisel (Hilda Monte) (1914–1945), ISK
Ernst Melis (1909–2007), KPD, Resistance
Rosa Menzer (1886–1942), KPD
August Merges (1870–1945), Communist Councils Union
Else Merkel (1905–1990), KPD, Red Aid, Resistance
Karl Merkel (1903–1937), KPD, Front Fighter League, Red Aid, Comintern, International Brigades
Franz Josef Messner (1896–1945), Maier-Messner-Caldonazzi
Max Josef Metzger (1887–1944), Catholic Church
Alfred Meusel (1896–1960), socialist, member of the KPD from 1937
Carlo Mierendorff (1897–1943), SPD
Josef Miller (1883–1964), Red Aid
Fritz Molden (1924–2014), American secret service OSS , O5
Mentona Moser (1874–1971), Red Aid
Eugen Mossakowsky (1898–1969), co-founder of the Black Front , Abwehr
Erich Mühsam (1878–1934), anarchist
Eduard Müller (1911–1943), Catholic Church
Franz J. Müller (1924-2015), White Rose
Fred Müller (1913–2001), KPD, International Brigades
Josef Müller (1898–1979), BVP , Catholic Church
Oskar Müller (1896–1970), KPD
Otto Müller (1870–1944), Catholic Church
Herbert Mumm von Schwarzenstein (1898–1945), Solf-Kreis

N

Harry Naujoks (1901–1983), KPD
Elfriede Nebgen (1890–1983), Christian trade union, Goerdeler district
Theodor Neubauer (1890–1945), KPD
Karl Neuhof (1891–1943), Red Aid
Heinz Neumann (1902–1937), KPD
Johanna Niederhellmann (1891–1956), SPD
Ernst Niekisch (1889–1967), national revolutionary
Katja Niederkirchner (1909–1944), KPD
Martin Niemöller (1892–1984), Confessing Church
Frieda Nödl (1898–1979), Austrian Revolutionary Socialists , SPÖ
Erik Nölting (1892–1953), SPD
Genia Nobel (1912-1999), KPD
Günter Nobel (1913–2007), KPD
Karl Nord (1912-2003), SAPD
Helge Norseth (1923–2008), Norwegian resistance activist and concentration camp survivor

O

Ernst Oberdörster (1888–1972), KPD
Aloys Odenthal (1912–2003), Aktion Rheinland
Johann Ollik (1905–1945), KPD
Max Opitz (1890–1982), KPD
Rudi Opitz (1908–1939), KPD
Friedrich Carl Freiherr von Oppenheim (1900–1978), lone fighter
Ernst Ortner (1914–1945), AFÖ
Ernst Oschmann (1907–1979), KPD
Hermann Osterloh (1886–1961), SPD
Carl von Ossietzky (1889–1938), publicist, pacifist
Hans Oster (1887–1945), officer
Hans Otto (1900–1933), actor, KPD
Freddie Oversteegen (1925-2018), RVV
Truus Oversteegen (1923-2016), RVV

P

Günter Pappenheim (* 1925), worker, socialist
Ludwig Pappenheim (1887–1934), SPD
Clemens Pausinger (1908–1989), Maier-Messner-Caldonazzi
Wilhelm Peetz (1892–1935), KPD
Stanislaus Peplinski (1909–1945), Polish forced laborer
Pier Amato Perretta (1885–1944), Italian judge and partisan
Resi Pesendorfer (1902-1989), Willy-Fred
Bruno Peters (1884–1960), KPD
Toni Pfülf (1877–1933), SPD
Emil Phillip (1886–1965), Confessing Church
Wilhelm Pieck (1876–1960), KPD
Kurt Piehl (1928–2001), edelweiss pirates
Hans Pink (1906–1974), Red Help
Menachem Pinkhof (1920–1969), Westerweel group
Gertrud Piter (1899–1933), KPD
Josef Planke (1877–1945), lone fighter
Hartmut Plaas (1899–1944), SS Obersturmbannführer with contacts to Wilhelm Canaris
Karl Plagge (1897–1957), Wehrmacht officer, lone fighter
Philipp Pless (1906–1973), KPO
Sepp Plieseis (1913–1966), KPÖ , Willy-Fred
Fritz Plön (1906–1944), KPD
Franz Plotnarek (1910–1943), KPÖ
Harald Poelchau (1903–1972), “ Onkel Emil ” group, Confessing Church , BRSD
Ottilie Pohl (1867–1943), Red Help
Alfred Pontius (1907–1948), KPD, Rote Hilfe, Kampfgruppe Auschwitz
Magnus Poser (1907–1944), KPD
Folkert Potrykus (1900–1971), KPD
Bernard Povel (1897–1952), Center Party
Hans Pramer (1882–1943), Austrian revolutionary socialist
Johannes Prassek (1911–1943), Catholic. church
Olga Benario-Prestes (1908–1942), KPD
Konrad Graf von Preysing (1880–1950), cath. church
Christoph Probst (1919–1943), White Rose
Willi Probst (1906–1942), Lechleiter Group
Fritz Pröll (1915–1944), Red Aid
Elisabeth Pungs (1896–1945), Red Aid

R.

Josef Raab (1899–1971), KPD
Eitel-Friedrich von Rabenau (1884–1959), Confessing Church
Arthur Rackwitz (1895–1980), Confessing Church , BRSD
Siegfried Rädel (1893–1943), KPD
Rudolf Raschke (1923–1945), Operation Radetzky
Gebhard Rath (1902–1979), Greater Austrian freedom movement
Eberhard Rebling (1911–2008), anti-fascist
Adolf Reichwein 1898–1944, SPD
Gerhard Reinhardt (1916–1989), communist, ELAS
Franz Reinisch (1903–1942), Catholic. church
Karl Reinthaler (1913-2000), SPÖ
Josef Reitzle (1910–1958), ELAS
Ludwig Renn (1889–1979), communist
Paul Rentsch (1898–1944), European Union
Franz Rheinberger (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld group
Gustav Richter (1890–1942), KPD
Rudolf Richter (1920–1942), anti-fascist
Trude Richter (1899–1989), KPD
Josef Rieck (1911–1970), Catholic. church
Fritz Riedel (1908–1944), KPD
Johannes Ries (1887–1945), cath. church
Leo Ries (1901–1988), Catholic lone fighter
Jakob Ritter (1886–1951), SAPD
Kurt Ritter (1909–1944), KPD
Hans Robinsohn (1897–1981), DDP, Robinsohn-Strassmann-Group
Rózia Robota (1921–1945), Polish resistance fighter in Auschwitz concentration camp
Fritz Rödel (1888–1945), KPD
Maria Röder (1903–1985), KPD
Theodor Roller (1915-2008), CVJM
Wilhelm Roloff (1900–1979), Economy
Heinrich Roos (1906–1988), friends around Heinrich Roos
Augustin Rösch (1893–1961), Kreisau district , cath. church
Max Roscher (1888–1940), KPD
Paul Roscher (1913–1993), KPD
Terje Rollem (1915–1993), Milorg (Norway)
Frieda Rosenthal (1891-1936), SPD
Evžen Rošický (1914–1942), Czech resistance fighter ( Nemo group )
Joseph C. Rossaint (1902-1991), Cath. church
Ernst Moritz Roth (1902–1945), cath. church
Joseph Roth (1896–1945), Center Party
Leo Roth (1911–1937), KPD
Philippina Roth (1898–1961), KPD, Red Aid
Karl Rubner (1901–1988), SPD
Anton Ruh (1912–1964), KPD
Hermann Runge (1902–1975), SPD
Heinrich Ruster (1884–1942), resistance fighter against National Socialism

S.

Willy Sachse (1896–1944), communist
Regina Safirsztajn (1915–1945), Polish resistance fighter in Auschwitz
Willi Sänger (1894–1944), KPD
Doris Salomon (1905–1961), Resistance
Marie-Louise Sarre (around 1904–1997), Solf-Kreis
Hannie Schaft (1920–1945), RVV
Karl Schapper (1879–1941), Catholic. church
Werner Scharff (1912–1945), Community for Peace and Construction
Dora Schaul (1913–1999), Resistance
Hans Schaul (1905–1988), KPD
John Schehr (1896–1934), KPD
Rudolf von Scheliha (1897–1942), diplomat and lone fighter
Johann Schellheimer (1899–1945), KPD
Fritz Gebhard Schellhorn (1888–1982), diplomat and lone fighter in Czernowitz
Georg Scheuer (1915–1996), Austrian Trotskyist
Jack Schiefer (1898–1980), SPD
Hermann Schiering (1884–1944), SPD
Kurt Schill (1911–1944), KPD
Emilie Schindler (1907–2001), lone fighter
Oskar Schindler (1908–1974), lone fighter
Bartholomäus Schink (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld group
Hermann Schirmer (1897–1981), KPD
Josef Schleifstein (1915–1992), KPD
Otto Schlein (1895–1944), KPD
Lydia Schlosser (1897–1988), KPD
Friedrich Schlotterbeck (1909–1979), Schlotterbeck Group
Walter Schmedemann (1901–1976), SPD
Fritz Schmenkel (1916–1944), Belarusian partisan
Anton Schmid (1900–1942), Wehrmacht officer
Richard Schmid (1899–1986), environment of the SAPD
Alfred Schmieder (1883–1942), SPD
Otto Schmirgal (1900–1944), KPD
Elisabeth Schmitz (1893–1977), Confessing Church
Alexander Schmorell (1917–1943), White Rose
Julius Schneider (1908–1988), SAJ, SPD, International Brigades, Resistance
Karl Schneider (1869–1940), peace movement
Paul Schneider (1897–1939), Confessing Church
Ernst Schneller (1890–1944), KPD
Karl-Heinz Schnibbe (1924–2010) youth resistance group around Helmuth Hübener
Erwin Schoettle (1899–1976), Sopade , New Beginning
Carlo Schönhaar (1924–1942), Resistance
Eugen Schönhaar (1898–1934), KPD
Gustav Schönherr (1889–1933), KPD
Hans Scholl (1918–1943), White Rose
Sophie Scholl (1921–1943), White Rose
Ernst Scholz (1913–1986), Red Aid
Roman Karl Scholz (1912–1944), Catholic Church , Austrian freedom movement
Adolf Scholze (1913–1983), DSAP , trade unionist ( AAV )
Aloys Scholze (1893–1942) Catholic Church
Fritz Schreiter (1892–1944), KPD-O
Heinz Schröder (1910–1997), SPD
Karl Schröder (1884–1950), Red Fighter
Wilhelm Schroers (1900–1981), trade unionist, KPD
Karl Schroth (1909–1999), socialist, SAP
Eduard Schulte (1891–1966), lone fighter
Fritz Schulte (1890–1943), KPD
Jakob Schultheis (1891–1945), Speyer comradeship
Fiete Schulze (1894–1935), KPD
Fritz Schulze (1903–1942), KPD
Eva Schulze-Knabe (1907–1976), KPD
Georg Schumann (politician) (1886–1945), KPD
Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky (1897–2000), KPÖ
Adolf Schütz (1926–1944), Ehrenfeld group
Alexander Schwab (1887–1943), Red Fighter
Ludwig Schwamb (1890–1945) SPD, Kreisau district
Günther Schwarz (1928–1944), Ehrenfeld group
Rudolf Schwarz (1904–1934), KPD
Paul Schwarze (1888–1943), KPD
Marie Sedláčková (1923–1945), Czech anti-fascist activist
Werner Seelenbinder (1904–1944), KPD
Willi Seng (1909–1944), KPD
Robert Siewert (1887–1973), KPO
Georg Singer (1898–1942), KPD
Josef Škalda (1894–1942), Czech resistance fighter
Konrad Skrentny (1894–1955), KPD
Felix Slavik (1912–1980), O5
Arthur Sodtke (1901–1944), KPD
Helene Sokal (1903–1990), Maier-Messner-Caldonazzi
Hanna Solf (1887–1954), Solf Circle
Jeanine Sontag (1925–1944), member of the FTP-MOI
Richard Sorge (1895–1944), KPD
Ulrich Sporleder (1911–1944), Confessing Church
Otto Springborn (1890–1944), KPD
Richard Staimer (1907–1982), KPD
Robert Stamm (1900–1937), KPD
Jakob Steffan (1888–1957) SPD
Walter Steffens (1903–1968), KPD
Karl Stein (1902–1942), KPD
Hans Steinbrück (1921–1944), Ehrenfeld group
Werner Steinbrink (1917–1942), KJVD , Herbert Baum group
Erich Steinfurth (1896–1934), KPD, Red Aid
Karl Friedrich Stellbrink (1894–1943), Ev. church
Franz Stenzer (1900–1933), KPD
Peter August Stern (1907–1947), Democrat
Marie Louise Stern-Lordian (1911–?), Democrat
Hermann Stöhr (1898–1940), pacifist
Martha Strasser (1910–2002), SPD, Resistance
Ernst Strassmann (1897–1958), DDP Robinsohn-Strassmann-Group
Werner Straub (1901–1945), Confessing Church
Peter Suhrkamp (1891-1959), Democrat
Kirsten Svineng (1891–1980), Sami from Karasjok, Norway
Stefan Szende (1901–1985), SAPD
Carl Szokoll (1915-2004), Operation Radetzky

T

Elisabeth von Thadden (1890–1944), Solf-Kreis
Bruno Tesch (1913–1933), KPD
Ernst Thälmann (1886–1944), KPD
Fritz Theilen (1927–2012), Ehrenfeld group
Jan Thijssen (1908–1945), Dutch resistance fighter
Fritz Thurm (1883–1937), SPD and USPD
Matthias Theisen (1885–1933), KPD, SPD
Alfred Thiele (1904–1934), KPD
Kurt Thomas (1904–1938), SPD, United Front
Gunvald Tomstad (1918–1970), Norway, Secret Intelligence Service
Wilhelm Trapp (1906–1974), KPD, International Brigades, Soviet agent
Herbert Tschäpe (1913–1944), KPD
Max Tschornicki (1903–1945), Reichsbanner, SPD, Jew
Paul Tillich (1886–1965), religious socialist, American Friends of German Freedom, Council for a Democratic Germany
Hermann Tops (1897–1944), KPD
Emanuel Treu (1915–1976), scout leader, O5 liaison to the Allied High Command

U

Max Urich (1890–1968), trade union resistance (DMV)
Robert Uhrig (1903–1944), KPD
Engelmar Unzeit (1911–1945) Catholic Church

V

Zsigmond Varga (1919–1945), lone fighter
Jaroslav Vedral (1895–1944), Czech general and resistance fighter of the Obrana národa
Gerrit van der Veen (1902–1944), Dutch resistance
Walter Veigel (1908–1986), member of the Buchenwald KPD illegal camp committee
Walther Victor (1895–1971), SPD
Kurt Vieweg (1913–1995), KPD
Wilhelm Vogel (1898–1989), KPD, International Brigades, British Army
Franz Vogt (1899–1940), trade unionist
Hugo Vojta (1885–1941), Czech general and resistance fighter of the Obrana národa
Senta Vollmer (1900–1984), Resistance / National Committee Free Germany for the West (CALPO)
Ernst Walter Vollmer (1889–1964), USDP, Resistance / National Committee Free Germany for the West (CALPO)
Theun de Vries (1907-2005), Dutch communist
Bohuslav Všetička (1893–1942), Czech general and resistance fighter of the Obrana národa

W.

Maria Wachter (1910-2010), KPD
Anni Wadle (1909–2002), KPD
Bebo Wager (1905-1943), SPD
Heinrich Wagner (1886–1945), KPD, Red Aid
Karl Wagner (1891–1965), KPD
Ester Wajcblum (1924–1945), Polish resistance fighter in Auschwitz
Hana Wajcblum (1928–2011), Polish resistance fighter in Auschwitz
Jacob Walcher (1887-1970), SAPD
Eduard Wald (1905–1978), Committee for Proletarian Unity
Orli Wald (1914–1962), KJVD , "Angel of Auschwitz"
Fritz Wandel (1898–1956), KPD
Rudolf Wascher (1904–1956), KPD
Maria von Wedemeyer (1924–1977), Confessing Church
Karl Wegmann (1906–1981), SPD, KPD
Paul Wegmann (1889–1945), SPD, SAPD
Herbert Wehner (1906–1990), KPD
Johan Hendrik Weidner (1912–1994), Dutch-Paris
Kurt Weiland (1910–1944), non-party
Ludwig Wellhausen (1884-1940), SPD
Eduard Welter (1900–1979), KPD, Resistance
Jakob Welter (1907–1944), KPD
Otto Weidt (1883–1947), anarchist
Arthur Weisbrodt (1909–1944), Red Aid
Leo Weismantel (1888–1964), Catholic Church
Franz Weiß (1892–1985), Catholic Church
Friedrich Weißler (1891–1937), Confessing Church
Rudolf Welskopf (1902–1979), KPD
Bernhard Wensch (1908–1942) Catholic Church
August Wessing (1880–1945) Catholic Church
Wilhelm Wester (1889–1960), Protestant church
Hans Westermann (1890–1935), KPD
Alexander Westermayer (1894–1944), European Union
Max Westphal (1895-1942), SPD
Adolf Wicklein (1886–1945), worker, communist
Paul Wiens (1922–1982), non-party
Ernst Wille (1894–1944), SPD
Josef Wirmer (1901–1944), lawyer, Catholic, center
Jürgen Wittenstein (1919–2015), White Rose
Irmgard von Witzleben (1896–1944), artist, lone fighter
Hans Wölfel (1902–1944), Catholic Church
Friedrich Wolf (1888–1953), KPD
Johannes Wolf (1898–1943)
Lore Wolf (1900–1996), KPD, Red Aid
Edith Wolff (1904–1997), lone fighter
Rosi Wolfstein (1888–1987), SAPD
Hilde Wundsam (married Hilde Zimmermann , 1920–2002), KPÖ
Othmar Wundsam (1922–2014), KPÖ
Josef Wyhnal (1913–1945), Maier-Messner-Caldonazzi
Artur Wypochowicz (1893–1972), KPD

Z

Eduard Zachert (1881–1943), SPD
Gerhard Zadek (1919–2005), Hashomer Hatzair , Herbert Baum group
Friedrich "Fritz" Zängerle (1911–1996), KPD, head of a resistance group at the Opel factory in Rüsselsheim that was undiscovered by the National Socialists.
Dora Zeitz (1913–1980), KPD, Resistance
Paul Zeltinger (1921–1989), ELAS
Bernhard Zessin (1900–1983), KPD
Rudolf Ziegenhagen (1895–1949), councilor communist
Johannes Zieger (1910–1981), KPD
Karl Zimmet (1895–1969) Anti-Nazi German Popular Front
Karl Zink (1910–1940), KPD
Hans Zoschke ( Johannes Zoschke ; 1910–1944), KPD

literature

Marianne Enigl : Baldermann. Vienna 1903-Plötzensee 1943. A workers' story in Red Vienna . Mandelbaum Verlag, Vienna 2017, ISBN 978-3-85476-534-9 .

Individual evidence

^ One of many unknowns in FAZ from November 21, 2017, page 12

^ Marianne Enigl : Baldermann: Wien 1903 - Berlin / Plötzensee 1943: A workers' story in Red Vienna , mandelbaum verlag, Vienna, ISBN 978-3-85476-534-9 .

[1] One of many unknowns in FAZ from November 21, 2017, page 12