Peter Gingold

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Peter Gingold
Peter Gingold, UZ Press Festival 2003

Peter Philipp Gingold (born on March 8, 1916 in Aschaffenburg ; died on October 29, 2006 in Frankfurt am Main ), of German-Jewish origin, was a communist resistance fighter against National Socialism who continued his anti-fascist engagement after the end of the Nazi regime in continued various areas of responsibility.

Life

Gingold grew up in a Jewish family in Aschaffenburg and Frankfurt am Main (from 1922). His parents were Jews of Polish origin who, fleeing the increasing anti-Semitism in rural areas, settled in Aschaffenburg and made their living there. They did have a right of residence, but no German papers. His father became a clothing tailor. Peter Gingold attended the Jewish elementary school in Frankfurt, began a commercial apprenticeship in a music wholesaler in 1930 and joined the youth union of the General Free Employees' Association (AfA-bund). In 1931 he became a member of the Communist Youth Association of Germany (KJVD). From 1933 he was active in the illegal resistance. In May 1933 his parents and siblings emigrated to France . Gingold was arrested in June during a raid by the SA and, after several months in prison, was ordered to leave Germany.

In autumn 1933 he emigrated to France, worked for the German-language anti-fascist daily newspaper “ Pariser Tageblatt ” and was politically active in a small group of the KJVD in Paris. In June 1936 he founded the Free German Youth (FDJ) with other young German anti-fascists in Paris , where he met Ettie Stein-Haller , his future wife. In 1937 he joined the Communist Party of Germany . In January 1940 he married Ettie Stein-Haller and was interned by the French in May as a “stateless person of German origin”. Their first daughter Alice was born in June.

Peter Gingold returned to Paris in October and was active in the German anti-fascist resistance. In the spring of 1941 he gave up the activity because the Gestapo was looking for him. He went to Dijon in April and worked for the Travail allemand (TA), a group in the Resistance that distributed anti-fascist leaflets among German soldiers. His task was, among other things, to establish contact with the soldiers of the Wehrmacht in order to find out opponents of Hitler and to win them over to cooperation in the Resistance. In July 1942, two of his siblings were arrested in Paris and deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp . In February 1943 he was arrested by the Gestapo in Dijon and interrogated and tortured for several weeks. Gingold was transferred to Paris, where he managed to escape in April and after a few weeks he was back in the Resistance. In August 1944 he took part in the uprising for the liberation of Paris and went to Lorraine with the 1st Paris Regiment as the front representative of the Movement Free Germany for the West (CALPO) . In 1945 he was arrested by the US Army and was sent to a French POW camp for a short time on false grounds . At the end of April he was a front-line officer for the partisans in northern Italy, where he experienced the end of the Second World War .

Gingold returned to Frankfurt am Main in August 1945 and again became active in the KPD together with his wife Ettie. He became a member of the secretariat of the Hessian KPD and head of training there; He worked as a courier for Richard Stahlmann's border apparatus at the SED leadership in Berlin. In autumn 1956 his German citizenship was revoked. Gingold was therefore still nominally “of Polish origin”. The family thus got a foreign passport . It took many years of political disputes before naturalization could be achieved.

He has been a member of the DKP since it was founded in 1968. In the 1970s he was chairman of the party's district arbitration commission, which, according to the statutes, has to check and guarantee the loyalty of its members to ideology. He lived in Frankfurt am Main until his death and was, among other things, politically active in the association of those persecuted by the Nazi regime - Association of Antifascists (VVN / BdA), in the Association of Germans in the Resistance, in the armed forces of the anti-Hitler coalition and the movement “Free Germany” eV ( DRAFD ) and in the Auschwitz Committee . In 1990 he ran for the German Bundestag on the open PDS list. He was active as a contemporary witness throughout Germany.

family

Gingold's daughter Silvia was not employed as a civil servant in Hesse due to the radical decree as a member of the DKP, which the authorities classified as unconstitutional .

Awards

Movies, music

  • Reich enemy, enemy of the people, enemy of the constitution . Documentary about the life of Peter Gingold. By Ralf Küster in 2005.
  • Frank Gutermuth and Wolfgang Schoen made the film about France's foreign patriots - Germans in the Resistance about the fight of German anti-fascists in the Resistance
  • Hannes Wader : Boulevard St. Martin . Song that addresses Peter Gingold's flight from Nazi captivity in Paris (album Nah dran , 2012)

Gingold Prize

The Association Living and Working in Gallus and Griesheim donated the Ettie and Peter Gingold Prize for people "who are involved in anti-fascist youth and cultural work". The prize, which will be awarded every two years from 2008, is endowed with 3,000 euros.

Quote

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"Fascism brought too much hardship and death, torture in concentration camps, devastation and destruction, and millions of murders, so that there can be nothing more important than standing up against every manifestation of racism, anti-Semitism, xenophobia, neo-fascism, militarism."

- Peter Gingold, September 26, 2000 on Munich's Marienplatz

“1933 would have been prevented if all opponents of the Nazis had postponed their quarrel among themselves and acted together. For those who opposed Hitler in my parents' generation there was only one excuse that this joint action did not materialize: They had no experience of what fascism means once it was in power. But today we all have this experience, today everyone has to know what fascism means. For all future generations there is no longer any excuse if they do not prevent fascism! "

- Peter Gingold : Paris - Boulevard St. Martin No. 11

literature

  • Karl Heinz Jahnke : You never gave up. Ettie and Peter Gingold. Resistance in France and Germany. Pahl-Rugenstein, Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-89144-255-6
  • Peter Gingold: Paris - Boulevard St. Martin No. 11. A Jewish anti-fascist and communist in the Resistance and the Federal Republic. Edited by Ulrich Schneider, PapyRossa Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-89438-407-4
  • Joachim Kahl (eds.): Etty, Peter and Silvia Gingold. Portrait of a family. A picture book about German conditions. Pahl-Rugenstein, Cologne 1978, ISBN 3-7609-0357-6
  • Wolfgang Bittner : Unconstitutionality up for grabs. A report on the Silvia Gingold case. In: Manfred Funke (Ed.): Extremism in the democratic constitutional state. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1978, ISBN 3-921352-23-1 , pp. 376–386

Web links

Commons : Peter Gingold  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Ulrich Schneider: The Gingolds. In: Antifa . Edition 2017-11, November 19, 2017, accessed April 1, 2019 .
  2. ^ Decision of the Hessian Administrative Court of August 11, 1977
  3. ^ Frank Gutermuth, Wolfgang Schoen: France's foreign patriots - Germans in the Resistance. In: tvschoenfilm.com. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007 ; accessed on April 1, 2019 .
  4. ↑ In future in honor of the Gingolds. In: Frankfurter Rundschau. July 12, 2007, page D8.
personal data
SURNAME Gingold, Peter
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gingold, Peter Philipp (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German resistance fighter
DATE OF BIRTH March 8, 1916
PLACE OF BIRTH Aschaffenburg
DATE OF DEATH October 29, 2006
Place of death Frankfurt am Main