Fiete Schulze

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Fritz Karl Franz (Fiete) Schulze (born October 21, 1894 in Schiffbek ; † June 6, 1935 in Hamburg) was a German resistance fighter against National Socialism .

Life

Fiete Schulze worked at various Hamburg shipyards and joined the SPD in 1913 . In 1914, after the beginning of the First World War, he married Johanna Schröder. Of his three children, only his daughter Wilma, born in 1915, survived; the two sons, four and two years younger, succumbed to diphtheria in late 1919 and early 1920. In 1915 Schulze was called up for service in the infantry. He spent a large part of his army time not at the front, but at a shipyard in Kiel, as a wounded man in a hospital or in pilot training. After the First World War and the November Revolution, he joined the USPD , the majority of which united with the KPD in 1920 . As a comrade in arms of Ernst Thälmann , Schulze led the Schiffbeker activities in the Hamburg uprising in October 1923, which cost over 100 deaths. After the failure of the uprising, he fled Germany. In 1926 he went to the Soviet Union .

After the Altona Blood Sunday (July 17, 1932), Schulze returned to Hamburg to offer resistance. He was arrested on April 16, 1933 and, after long solitary confinement and torture, sentenced to death three times and to 280 years in prison in March 1935 . His defense attorney was Erich Wandschneider . The death sentence provoked international protest. There were demonstrations in Paris, Amsterdam, Moscow and other European cities. Albert Einstein , Maxim Gorki , Heinrich Mann and other international personalities protested . Nevertheless, he was beheaded with a hand ax on June 6, 1935 in the courtyard of the Hamburg remand prison .

Political and legal rehabilitation

In his speech on July 20, 1969, Federal President Gustav Heinemann (SPD) praised the Hamburg workers' leader as one of the resistance fighters who “made the sacrifice of life for justice and human dignity” from 1933 to 1945. Heinemann also quoted from the suicide note that Schulze had written to his sister before his execution:

“You struggle with the circumstances that are taking away your brother. Why do you not want to understand that I am dying for the fact that many no longer have to die an early and violent death? It's not like that yet, but my life and death help improve it. "

Only 46 years later, in 1981, was the death sentence against Fiete Schulze overturned by the public prosecutor at the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court on the initiative of the Association of Victims of the Nazi Regime (VVN) . Schulze had already found his final resting place at the Hamburg cemetery in Ohlsdorf in the honor grove of Hamburg resistance fighters (third row from left, eleventh stone).

Honors

Since August 2006, a stumbling block in Hamburg has been remembering Fiete Schulze in front of his last address at Schiffbeker Weg 9 in Hamburg-Billstedt .
The house, which until 1993 housed the seat of the district board of the Hamburg DKP at the Zeughausmarkt in the Neustadt district , was called Fiete-Schulze-Zentrum .

In the Hanseatic city of Rostock, there is a memorial stone for Fiete Schulze on the site of the former barracks of the coastal border brigade , today the campus of the University of Rostock .
In the GDR there were many streets (still today: Halle / Saale and Fürstenwalde ), several schools (POS in Berlin / Prenzlauer Berg, Fürstenwalde and Leipzig), a motor ship , the 6th Border Brigade of the coast of the border troops and the ship's children's home in Eisenhüttenstadt after Fiete Schulze named.

  • Ehrenhain Ohlsdorf

  • Cushion stone Ehrenhain

  • Stumbling block Billstedt

  • Memorial stone in Rostock

  • Memorial stone in Sildemow

literature

  • Fiete Schulze. Letters and notes from the Gestapo prison in Hamburg. With an introductory biographical sketch by Erich Weinert . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1959.
  • Ursel Hochmuth : But we will still win. For the "75. Birthday of Fiete Schulze. ” In: The act of November 1, 1969.
  • Klaus Drobisch : Schulze, Fritz (Fiete) . In: Biographical Lexicon on German History. From the beginning until 1945 . Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1970, pp. 628–629.
  • Fiete Schulze . In: German resistance fighters. 1933-1945. Biographies and letters . Volume 2. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 214-218.
  • Gertrud Meyer : Night over Hamburg. Reports and documents . Röderberg-Verlag, Frankfurt / Main 1971, pp. 38–45 and documents no. 24 and 25.
  • In the matter of Fiete Schulze. Documentation on the judgments of the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court of Hamburg in 1935 and 1972. Compiled by the VDj Group and the VAN History Commission . Hamburg 1972.
  • Andreas Seeger: Schulze, Fritz (Fiete) Karl Franz . In: Hamburg biography . Volume 1. Christians, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7672-1364-8 , pp. 283-284.
  • Schulze, Friedrich (Fiete) . In: Hermann Weber , Andreas Herbst : German Communists. Biographical Handbook 1918 to 1945. 2., revised. and strong exp. Edition. Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-320-02130-6 .
  • Ernst Thälmann and comrades in arms - a Hamburg exhibition in pictures and text . Edited by the board of trustees “Ernst Thählmann Memorial” e. V., Hamburg-Eppendorf 2000.

Web links

Commons : Fiete Schulze  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Night over Hamburg , pp. 42, 43, 44, 45.
  2. ↑ Died to Save Lives New Germany June 5, 2010
personal data
SURNAME Schulze, Fiete
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schulze, Fritz Karl Franz (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German resistance fighter
DATE OF BIRTH October 21, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Schiffbek
DATE OF DEATH June 6, 1935
Place of death Hamburg