Adolf Scholze

Adolf Gustav Adi Scholze (born March 1, 1913 in Weißkirchen an der Neisse ; † February 1, 1983 in Naumburg (Saale) ) was a German politician , trade unionist , state official of the GDR and resistance fighter against National Socialism .

Life

Early years

Adolf Scholze was born on March 1st, 1913 in Weißkirchen (Reichenberg district, today Liberec) as the son of the construction worker Adolf Scholze and the textile worker Anna Henke. After attending the four-class general elementary school in Weißkirchen from 1919 to 1925, where he belonged to the communist children's group, he attended the community school in Kratzau for three years . In 1923 he and his father took part in the demonstrations of the general strike, which arose because of the inflation. After finishing school, Adolf Scholze voluntarily attended the Czech school in Malschik for a year. In 1928 Scholze joined the Communist Youth Association and worked as a member of the Kratzau sub-district management.

In October of the same year he received an apprenticeship as a contract trainee in a machine factory. At the same time he became a member of the General Employees' Association (AAV) and the Werkmeisterverband, where he became a member of the youth commission. When the company filed for bankruptcy, Scholze continued his apprenticeship in another Reichenberg company. He attended the commercial vocational school. In 1931 he completed his apprenticeship as a businessman and in 1934 took over a consumer outlet in Reichenberg. With the dissolution of the Communist Youth Association in 1933, he took part in various functions in workers' sport until 1935, right up to the position of local chairman.

Activity from 1935 to 1938

In 1935 Adolf Scholze joined the Social Democratic Party of Czechoslovakia . He belonged to the group of Czech patriots who built anti-tank barriers, fortifications and positions against the invasion of the Wehrmacht in the border area with Germany in 1938. He was also a platoon leader of the "Republican Wehr", a defense organization of the SPC and defense squadron of the Workers' Bike and Motor Vehicles Association in order to prevent Germany's attack on Czechoslovakia. Scholze was also a member of the Armed Forces Corps of Czechoslovak motorists to secure the borders before the planned attack on Hitler's Germany. With the decision to separate the German-speaking part of Czechoslovakia and its annexation to the German Reich in Munich in September 1938, right-wing extremist riots increased in the border area. Therefore, Adolf Scholze was brought to safety behind the designated demarcation line together with other endangered party comrades on October 1, 1938, where he was in emigration for 14 days before he was discovered by the Czech police and brought back to his home town of Oberkratzau. There he was abducted by Henlein fascists to the town hall and forced to do forced labor under the supervision of the SA. He secretly met with party comrades to discuss the situation regarding the resistance struggle. On December 1, 1938, he was arrested by the police.

Detention in Dachau

After his arrest on December 1, 1938, he was held in the court prison in Kratzau for eight days. The hearing took place in the Liebig-Palais in Reichenberg. By obergruppenführer Heydrich one was protective custody issued. He was then taken to the prison in Zittau for a few days, and later to the central prison in Dresden. On January 23, he was transferred to the Dachau concentration camp by the Dresden State Police and was given prisoner number 32335. He was transferred to the “Tea Plantation” work detachment, and after four weeks to the punishment company in Block 15.

Imprisonment in Buchenwald

On September 29, 1939 he was transferred to the Buchenwald concentration camp , where he was given prisoner number 5467. He came back to the punishment company in Block 3 and had to work as a stone carrier in the quarry. After three months he was released from the penal company and the stone quarry command. He ended up in the Schachtbau Kommando, where he spent three months. Then, with the help of communist comrades, Adolf Scholze was assigned to the carpentry command, which was located in Block 28. There he and other inmates carried out acts of sabotage. He rose to the position of prisoner functionary and was chief of staff, later head of the Bauho command.

From 1943 Adolf Scholze worked in the campfire brigade in Block 11 and was a member of their prisoner command, initially as a fire fighting group leader and from September 1944 deputy Kapo and head of the 1st fire fighting group. He was also a member of the illegal organization of the KPD and the illegal military organization, in which he led a group of five men. He also led another five-man illegal resistance group. He took part in the illegal work in the camp. For example, on August 25, 1944, he organized a lathe from the Gustloff works on Ettersberg, which he brought through the main entrance past the control by the deputy warehouse manager Max Schobert to block 11. The prisoners used this lathe to manufacture blanks for hand grenades. Furthermore, on the night of January 25, 1945, he and other inmates of the campfire brigade were responsible for smuggling a machine gun into the camp. In addition to acts of sabotage and the procurement of illegal materials, his tasks in the resistance organization included clarification in SS barracks and armaments factories, training on 08 pistols, topography, military-political training and later training other comrades in the Gustloff factory. Scholze also belonged to an illegal resistance group of German communists from Czechoslovakia.

Activity after 1945

After the end of National Socialism and the liberation of the camp, Scholze returned to Oberkratzau on May 19, 1945. On May 30, 1945 he was accepted into the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia . He took on a voluntary activity in the party office in Chrastava to record German anti-fascists and was then secretary for trade and supplies in the municipal administration of Czechoslovakia. He organized the voluntary resettlement of German anti-fascists in the Soviet occupation zone. In 1946 he joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). With the forced unification of the KPD and SPD in the Soviet occupation zone , he became a member of the SED . In 1946 he was in the resettlement camp Bernburg, then an employee of the police department of the Merseburg district administration . After six weeks he was transferred to the Halle (Saale) police headquarters as head of personnel in the criminal police department. He then came to the state government of Saxony-Anhalt in the police department and was appointed senior government inspector. He was later transferred to the state police authority, where he was given responsibility for building up the state police force and the offices in the districts. Adolf Scholze became deputy head of the management department and police council of the German People's Police and works council chairman . In November 1948 he became head of the cadre and he was given responsibility for setting up the border department and the readiness in Halle, Gut Gimritz. He was promoted to the senior councilor of the German People's Police and transferred to Naumburg in 1949. There he was responsible for setting up the first officers' school of the Barracked People's Police (KVP).

Adolf Scholze became chief of staff, which resulted in his promotion to the People's Police Commander. On June 1, 1950, Adolf Scholze was the first officer in Saxony-Anhalt to be awarded the Decoration of Honor of the German People's Police. For health reasons, however, he was released at the end of 1950. In 1951 Adolf Scholze became director of culture at VEB Bau-Union Naumburg, then labor director and department head of work at the Reichsbahn-Bau-Union.

In 1958 he was elected to the FDGB district board of Naumburg, where he held the position of deputy chairman until 1959 and then chairman until 1968. He was also a member of the district committee for youth consecration . During this time he also became a member of the SED district leadership and the Naumburg secretariat. He held this position for ten years. During his activity as an SED functionary, he worked, among other things, as a party leadership member and deputy party secretary. Due to his long imprisonment in the concentration camp, he fell ill again, which is why he received a disability pension in 1968. Until 1978, Adolf Scholze was an educational assistant at the Buchenwald National Memorial and Memorial. On November 1, 1978 he had to quit this job due to a serious illness. From 1959 to 1974 Adolf Scholze was a member of the district council in Naumburg, and since 1963 a member of Urania . In 1969 he became a member of the People's Solidarity . He was also a member of the Society for Sport and Technology and the Kulturbund . Adolf Scholze was also the commander and political representative of a hundred working class fighting groups and from 1947 to 1953 he was district chairman of the VVN and then a member of the district committee of anti-fascist resistance fighters in Naumburg. Scholze had been a member of the VdN district commission since 1952 and its chairman since 1967. Adolf Scholze was also a member of the secretariat and the district committee of the Society for German-Soviet Friendship . Furthermore, he was a member of the history commission of the Buchenwald-Dora camp community until his death. On February 1, 1983, Adolf Scholze died in Naumburg after a brief, serious illness.

Private

Until 1920 he belonged to the Roman Catholic Church. When his parents left, he became non-denominational. From 1935 Adolf Scholze was married to Hilde Herrmann. The marriage remained childless. In 1950 he married Maria Hefter. From this marriage there were six sons, one of whom, however, died in February 1949 at the age of two. Adolf Scholze also had a stepdaughter from this marriage. Three of the sons were active in the armed organs of the GDR themselves until 1990.

Awards and honors

Patriotic Order of Merit in silver and bronze
Medal of Merit of the GDR
Fritz Heckert Medal in silver
Badge of Honor of the National Front
Medal of Honor of the National Front Decoration of Honor of the German People's Police on June 1, 1950
Badge of honor of the Society for German-Soviet Friendship in gold
Medal for fighters against fascism 1933 to 1945
Kurt Barthel Medal
Honorary title " Honored Activist "
several times activist of socialist work
Medal of Honor of the Central Management of the Committee of Antifascist Resistance Fighters of the GDR
multiple medals for excellent performance
In 1951 Adolf Scholze founded the BSG “Aufbau” Naumburg, later renamed the BSG “Lokomotive” Naumburg and was an honorary member until his death. He was also an honorary member of a youth collective in VEB Holz Naumburg.
After his death in Naumburg, Adi-Scholze-Strasse , the “Adolf Scholze” vocational school and the “Adolf Scholze” children's holiday camp were named after him. In 1990, however, these were renamed with the reunification.

literature

Kühn, Günther; Weber, Wolfgang: Stronger than the wolves. A report on the illegal military organization in the former Buchenwald concentration camp and the armed uprising, Military Publishing House of the GDR, Berlin 1976.
Carlebach, Emil / Schmidt, Willy / Schneider, Ulrich: Buchenwald a concentration camp. Reports - Pictures - Documents, Bonn 2000.

Web links

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad FDGB district executive Naumburg: Adolf Scholze - life picture of a veteran of the labor movement and anti-fascist resistance fighter . Naumburg 1983.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Bärbel Lorenz, Jutta Rothe, Dieter Wiedemann, Jürgen Seidel: From the life of the anti-fascist-communist Adolf Scholze . Naumburg 1982.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Röll, Wolfgang: Social Democrats in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp 1937-1945 , Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-89244-417-X
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Harry Stein: Buchenwald Concentration Camp, 1937-1945: Volume accompanying the permanent historical exhibition . Wallstein Verlag, 1999, ISBN 978-3-89244-222-6 ( books.google.com ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t National Memorial Buchwald (ed.): Buchwald-Heft 29 /1987

personal data
SURNAME	Scholze, Adolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Scholze, Adolf Gustav (full name); Scholze, Adi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German politician (SED), trade unionist, state functionary of the GDR and resistance fighter against National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH	March 1, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH	Weißkirchen an der Neisse
DATE OF DEATH	February 1, 1983
Place of death	Naumburg (Saale)

[1A-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad FDGB district executive Naumburg: Adolf Scholze - life picture of a veteran of the labor movement and anti-fascist resistance fighter . Naumburg 1983.

[2A-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Bärbel Lorenz, Jutta Rothe, Dieter Wiedemann, Jürgen Seidel: From the life of the anti-fascist-communist Adolf Scholze . Naumburg 1982.

[3A-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Röll, Wolfgang: Social Democrats in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp 1937-1945 , Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-89244-417-X

[4A-4] A ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Harry Stein: Buchenwald Concentration Camp, 1937-1945: Volume accompanying the permanent historical exhibition . Wallstein Verlag, 1999, ISBN 978-3-89244-222-6 ( books.google.com ).

[5A-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t National Memorial Buchwald (ed.): Buchwald-Heft 29 /1987