Norges Communist Parti

Norges Kommunistiske Parti Communist Party of Norway
Party leader	Runa Evensen
founding	November 4, 1923
Headquarters	Oslo
Youth organization	UngKommunistene i Norge
newspaper	Friheten
Alignment	communism
Colours)	red
Parliament seats	0/169 ( Storting , 2017 )
International connections	International meeting of communist and workers' parties
European party	Initiative of communist and workers' parties in Europe
Website	nkp.no

The Norges Kommunistiske Parti (abbr. NKP ; German Communist Party of Norway ) is a communist party in Norway . Svend Haakon Jacobsen has been the chairman since 2010 .

The party newspaper Friheten (Die Freiheit) has been published since 1941 and had a circulation of 1,500 copies in 2009.

history

In Norway, the Arbeiderpartiet (German Workers' Party) radicalized under the influence of the October Revolution . In 1919 the party of the Communist International joined. As early as 1923, however, there was a break when the Labor Party rejected the Comintern's claim to leadership and insisted on planning and carrying out the class struggle in Norway independently. The party decided on November 4, 1923 at a special party congress to leave the Communist International. On the same day, a minority of the members founded Norges Kommunistiske Parti , which joined the Comintern. After all, almost half of the representatives of the Labor Party in Storting , the Norwegian parliament, switched to the new party. Initially, she was also welcomed by trade union circles. Nevertheless, the party only received 6.1 percent of the vote in the 1924 parliamentary election. In the years that followed, the NCP continued to lose support among the population. Between 1930 and 1945 she no longer held a Storting mandate.

The Norwegian Communists interpreted the Second World War as an imperialist war, the outbreak of which was to blame not only for Germany, but also for the Western powers. In the Finnish-Soviet winter war , the NCP supported the Soviet Union. The NKP had previously defended the German-Soviet non-aggression pact of August 1939, while it was heavily attacked by the Labor Party. Against the background of the pact, the NKP first publicly called for resistance to the Germans who attacked the country on April 9, 1940 , to be ceased. Even when the NKP was the first party ever to be banned by the German occupiers in August 1940 , the attitude towards them was not clear. Only after the German attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941 and the reorganization of the party as a result of a secret party congress on December 31, 1941, the resistance efforts were significantly accelerated.

Through numerous acts of sabotage against the Germans during the second half of the war, the NKP was able to increase its popularity. In the first post-war election it achieved 11.9 percent of the vote. However, ideological conflicts towards the end of the 1940s weakened the party noticeably. For example, Peder Furubotn , who was largely responsible for the policy of resistance against the Germans from 1942 onwards, was expelled from the party because of “ Titoist ” tendencies and “imperialist agents”.

The NKP commented with great reluctance on the process of de-Stalinization initiated by Khrushchev . The party described the Hungarian uprising of 1956 as a counter-revolution and thus proved to be loyal to the line. When the conflict between the CPSU and the Chinese communists reached its climax, the NKP and its long-time chairman Emil Løvlien avoided taking a clear position. The invasion of Czechoslovakia by Soviet troops at the time of the Prague Spring caused the party to take a critical stance and, for the first time, to distance itself from Moscow's politics. In the opinion of some community representatives, the Stalin cult, which in the opinion of some community representatives had not been completely overcome , led to conflicts and party withdrawals in 2004.

In the early 1970s, the NCP spoke out vehemently against Norway's membership in the European Community . In 1973 the party entered into an electoral alliance with Sosialistisk Folkeparti (Socialist People's Party) and Demokratiske Sosialister (Democratic Socialists), which won 11.6% of the vote and 16 seats. The NKP chairman Reidar T. Larsen also sat in parliament for four years .

Since the late 1970s, the NKP has developed into a splinter party, partly because of internal wing battles. In the 2017 parliamentary election , she received only 309 votes (0.0 percent).

program

Stand in downtown Oslo before the 2009 election

Marxism-Leninism has provided the basis for the party's political work since it was founded . According to the NCP, three “main problems” threaten humanity: social injustice, environmental degradation and the military or wars that are being sparked around the world. These problems can only be solved by fighting and overcoming capitalism . The capitalist system is to be replaced by a democratically legitimized planned economy that takes into account the basic needs of the people. Among other things, this includes the right to work and training.

In the “work program” conceived in 1997, private educational institutions and kindergartens are rejected. Free kindergarten places should be guaranteed. In the opinion of the party, Christian religious education should be abolished and replaced by general ethics instruction.

The NKP advocates a state-controlled energy industry that does not leave the power supply to transnational companies. Oil production in the Barents Sea is rejected. In the fisheries policy , concessions should only be granted to local, unlisted shipping companies.

The fight against the European Union is considered an active peace policy. Norway's EU membership is still rejected, as is the country's participation in the Schengen Agreement . The NCP demands Norway's exit from NATO . According to the party's will, Norwegian arms production is to be stopped.

Since Norway is one of the richest countries in the world, it can take in significantly more refugees than is currently the case. The Sameting , the parliamentary representation of the Sami , is to be granted a veto right against all laws that affect this officially recognized minority.

Election results

Elections to storting

Election year	percent	Seats	Total seats
1924	6.1	6th	150
1927	4.0	3	150
1930	1.7		150
1933	1.8		150
1936	0.3		150
1945	11.9	11	150
1949	5.8		150
1953	5.1	3	150
1957	3.4	1	150
1961	2.9		150
1965	1.4		150
1969	1.0		150

Elections to storting

Election year	percent	Seats	Total seats
1973	List verb.	1	155
1977	0.4		155
1981	0.3		155
1985	0.2		157
1989	List verb.		165
1993	0.0		165
1997	0.1		165
2001	0.1		165
2005	0.0		169
2009	0.0		169
2013	0.0		169
2017	0.0		169

• 1973 involved in the electoral alliance Sosialistisk Valgforbund , which received 11.2% and 16 seats.
• 1989 involved in the electoral alliance Fylkeslistene for Miljø og Solidaritet , which received 0.8%.

Party leader

• 1923–1925: Sverre Støstad
• 1925-1930: Peder Furubotn
• 1931–1934: Henry Wilhelm Kristiansen
• 1934–1946: Adam Egede-Nissen
• 1946–1965: Emil Løvlien
• 1965-1975: Reidar T. Larsen
• 1975–1982: Martin Gunnar Knutsen
• 1982–1987: Hans I. Kleven
• 1987–1991: Kåre André Nilsen
• 1991-1993: Ingve Iversen
• 1993–1998: Terje Krogh , Per Lothar Lindtner , Kjell Underlid
• 1998–2000: Per Lothar Lindtner, Kjell Underlid
• 2000–2001: Per Lothar Lindtner
• 2001–2010: Zafer Gözet
• 2010–2013: Svend Haakon Jacobsen
• 2013–2015: Jørgen Hovde
• since 2015:    Runa Evensen

literature

German

• Nils Ørvik: The Norwegian Left . In: Hans Rühle , Hans-Joachim Veen (Hrsg.): Socialist and Communist Parties in Western Europe. Publication of the social science research institute of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung . Volume 2: Nordländer (= Uni-Taschenbücher . Vol. 762). Leske + Budrich (UTB), Opladen 1979, ISBN 3-8100-0241-0 . Pp. 79-121.
• Jahn Otto Johansen : The Communist Party of Norway. In: Åke Sparring (ed.): Communists in the north. Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, Cologne 1966, pp. 75–124.

English

• Peter P. Rohde: The Communist Party of Norway. In: Communism in Scandinavia and Finland. Politics and opportunity. (Adaptation by Anthony F. Upton). 1973, ISBN 0-385-03365-6 .

Norwegian

• Norges history. 1979, Volume 13, pp. 263-268 and Volume 14, pp. 80-87, ISBN 82-02-03453-1 .
• Hans I. Kleven: Parti i flammer. Documentation og betraktninger omkring “oppgjøret” i Norges Kommunistiske Parti 1949–1950. 2 volumes 1994, ISBN 82-7009-274-6 and ISBN 82-7009-275-4 .
• Terje Halvorsen: Mellom Moskva og Berlin. Norges Kommunistiske Parti under ikke-angrepspakten mellom Sovjet-Unionen og Tyskland August 23, 1939 - June 22, 1941. 1996, ISBN 82-7009-287-8 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Jahn Otto Johansen, The Communist Party of Norway. - In: Åke Sparring (ed.), Communists in the North . Cologne 1966, pp. 75–124, here: p. 78 ff.
2. ↑ See Johansen, p. 80 f.
3. ↑ See Johansen, p. 83.
4. ↑ See Johansen, p. 87 ff.
5. ↑ See Johansen, p. 89 f.
6. ↑ See Johansen, p. 94 f.
7. ↑ NKP i Åsnes stiller ultimatum  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Østlendingen, December 8, 2004.  
8. ↑ Tall for hele Norge , valgresultat.no, 2017 (accessed July 5, 2020).
9. ↑ Prinsipprogram , nkp.no, accessed on September 20, 2009.
10. ↑ ^{a b c d} Arbeidsprogram , nkp.no, accessed on September 20, 2009.
11. ↑ Historical overview, percent Statistics Norway.
12. ↑ Historical overview, Seats Statistics Norway.

Web links

• Homepage of the NKP