Georg Scheuer

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Georg Scheuer, photo by the Austrian State Police, November 5, 1936

Georg Scheuer (also Georges Scheuer ; December 8, 1915 in Vienna - September 15, 1996 there ) was an Austrian resistance fighter against National Socialism, journalist and publicist .

Life

Georg Scheuer 1955

Georg Scheuer was born in Vienna in 1915 as the son of Heinrich Scheuer , an editor of the Official News Agency (ANA) in Vienna, and his wife Alice , née Leimdörfer from Temesvár . Scheuer, nicknamed "Roter Hansl", became a member of the Association of Socialist Middle School Students (VSM) and the Socialist Workers' Youth (SAJ) early on , was a group leader in 1930 with the Red Falcons and in 1931 switched to the Communist Youth Association of the KPÖ . In 1935 he founded the Trotskyist Revolutionary Communists of Austria (RKÖ). In November 1936 Scheuer was arrested in Vienna Trotskyist process in 1937 as a punishment of severe prison in the period of five years, exacerbated by a fast day quarterly, convicted, and was to a general amnesty in February 1938 in prison.

In September 1938 he and his friend, the RKÖ member Karl Fischer , formed the Austrian delegation when the Fourth International was founded in Paris ; but both of them voted against the proclamation of the International because they assessed the world situation differently. As a result, the Austrian Revolutionary Communists also separated organizationally from the Fourth International and began to criticize the assessments of the International and Trotsky .

In Vienna, Scheuer anticipated the coming takeover of power by the National Socialists in Austria and traveled to the Czech Republic and later to France , where he was interned in Les Milles when the war began . In 1940 he fled to Montauban in unoccupied France and was active in the Resistance with a group of the Revolutionary Communists (RK) until 1944 . In 1943 they were able to free the RK activist Melanie Berger , arrested the year before, in a spectacular commando operation in Marseille . The members of the RK, including a Wehrmacht soldier, posed as Nazi officials .

Scheuer's parents were deported by the National Socialists to the Maly Trostinez extermination camp in 1942 and murdered immediately upon arrival. To commemorate them, the residential complex of the City of Vienna at Neulinggasse 39 (built in the 1930s, architect Armand Weiser ) was renamed Alice and Heinrich Scheuer-Hof as part of the memorial stones campaign .

After the Second World War , Georg Scheuer stayed in France and worked mainly in Paris as a journalist and correspondent for various newspapers. a. of the Arbeiter-Zeitung . For the last years of his life he returned from France to Austria with his wife, the publicist, journalist and translator Christa Scheuer-Weyl (1941–2006) and lived in Vienna until his death.

He is buried in the urn grove of the Simmering fire hall in Vienna. His grave is one of the honorary dedicated or honorary custody grave sites of the City of Vienna.

Publications

Signature of Georg Scheuer
  • From Lenin to ...? The story of a counter-revolution. Publishing house according to Dietz, Berlin 1957, DNB 454336969 .
  • Marianne on the scaffold. France between yesterday and tomorrow. Europa Verlag, Vienna 1966, DNB 458831093 .
  • October 1917. The Russian Revolution. JHW Dietz Nachf., Hanover 1967, DNB 458831107
  • Comrade Mussolini ? Roots and ways of the primeval fascism. History 1915-1945, publisher for social criticism , Vienna 1985, ISBN 3-900351-48-1 .
  • Only fools fear nothing. Scenes from the Thirty Years War 1915-1945. Publishing house for social criticism, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-85115-133-X .
  • Forward - and quickly forget? Century between dream and trauma. With a foreword by Heinz Fischer , Picus, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-85452-236-3 .
  • Mussolini's long shadow. March on Rome in the pinstripe. History 1946-1996, Neuer ISP-Verlag, Cologne 1996, ISBN 3-929008-84-X .
  • Seuls les fous n'ont pas peur . Ed. Syllepse, Collection Utopie critique, traduit par Geneviève Hess et Christa Scheuer-Weyl, Paris 2002, ISBN 2-913165-62-1 .

literature

  • Cécile Denis: Continuités et divergences dans la presse clandestine de résistants allemands et autrichiens en France pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale: KPD, KPÖ, Revolutionary Communists et trotskystes . Thèse de doctorat réalisée sous la direction d'Hélène Camarade, soutenue publiquement le 10 December 2018 à l'université Bordeaux-Montaigne (dissertation at the University of Bordeaux-Montaigne ), Bordeaux 2018. (French)
  • Kurt Lhotzky: Who was Georg Scheuer, what was the Revolutionary Workers League? . In: Revolutionary History, Vol. 7, No. 1 London 1999. (English)
  • Fritz Keller , Kurt Lhotzky: In memoriam Georg Scheuer. In: Archive for the history of resistance and work , Volume 15, 1998, p. 475

Web links

Commons : Georg Scheuer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ SCHEUER Georg, dit ROTER HANSL , Le maitron, Dictionnaire biographique. In: maitron-en-ligne.univ-paris1.fr, accessed on February 10, 2019.
  2. ^ Fritz Keller : In the Gulag from East and West. Karl Fischer. Worker and revolutionary. ISP-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1980, ISBN 3-88332-046-3 , p. 12.
  3. ↑ a b Georg Scheuer Collection International Institute of Social History.
  4. ↑ a b Georg Scheuer: Are we Trotskyists? , Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance .
  5. ↑ Georg Scheuer. Series: Heads of the Workers' Movement ( Memento from October 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ).
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Neugebauer : Armed Resistance - Resistance in the Military: An Overview. In: Christine Schindler (Red.): Focus: Armed Resistance - Resistance in the Military. Yearbook of the Documentation Archive of the Austrian Resistance 2009, published by the Documentation Archive of the Austrian Resistance, LIT, Vienna Berlin Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-50010-6 , p. 21.
  7. ↑ Karin Nusko: BERGER, Melanie, (married Volle) tailor, in the resistance of the workers' movement (KPÖ) / resistance in exile , "Austrian women in resistance", Documentation Center for Women Research, Institute for Science and Art Vienna.
  8. ↑ The fall of the tsar. Georg Scheuer on the “bourgeois” revolution of 1917 In :arbeiter-zeitung.at: Neue AZ, Tagblatt für Wien of March 6, 1987, p. 1, accessed on March 12, 2019.
  9. ↑ Christine Schatz, Daniel Löcker, Matthias Flödl: On a lost position. Georg Scheuer in conversation ( memento from March 11, 2002 in the Internet Archive ) Video film, course in communication science methodology (oral history) with Manfred Bobrowsky, Vienna 1992.
  10. ^ Obituary for Christa Scheuer-Weyl (1941–2006) (PDF) In: DÖW Mitteilungen. Episode 177, July 2006, p. 5: doew.at , accessed on October 14, 2018.
  11. ^ Fritz Keller , Kurt Lhotzky: Obituary Georg Scheuer (1914-1996) Encyclopedia of Trotskyism On-Line (English).
  12. ↑ www.friedhoefewien.at - Graves dedicated to honor in the fire hall Simmering cemetery (PDF 2016), accessed on March 7, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Scheuer, Georg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Scheuer, Georges
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian journalist and publicist
DATE OF BIRTH December 8, 1915
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH September 15, 1996
Place of death Vienna