XI. International Brigade

Flag of the Interbrigades

The XI. International Brigade , later known as "Thälmann Brigade", fought for the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War as a brigade of the International Brigades . The XI. International Brigade was regrouped several times.

The XI. The International Brigade was best known for the fact that during the hours of the republican defense of Madrid in November 1936, the brigade helped repel a major attack by nationalist troops with heavy losses.

IX. Brigada Móvil de Choque

After the regrouping of the first international centuries into battalions , a motorized brigade , the IX , was formed on October 22, 1936 with four international battalions . Brigada Móvil de Choque . After the formation, the brigade had the following structure.

French-Belgian Battalion (October 14, 1936)
German Battalion (October 14, 1936)
Italian-Spanish Battalion (October 14, 1936)
Polish-Balkan Battalion (October 17, 1936)

On October 25th, the Thälmann battalion and an artillery battery were transferred to the IX. Brigada Móvil de Choque incorporated. After incorporation, the mobile international brigade had the following structure:

As a result, on November 1, 1936, the IX. Brigada Móvil de Choque the XI. International brigade formed.

XI. International Brigade

Defense of Madrid

Due to the heavy fighting in November in the defense of Madrid , the battalions of the XI. International Brigade to be merged. The Thälmann Battalion and the Garibaldi Battalion were reorganized. After the re-formation in Albacete , the headquarters of the International Brigades, the two battalions of the XII. Assigned to the International Brigade . After the November fights in Madrid, the XI. International Brigade only from the following battalion:

In December, the XI was restructured to homogenize the language. and the XII. International Brigade. According to a list dated December 3, 1936, the Thälmann battalion was again part of the XI. International Brigade:

On December 4, 1936, the restructuring of the XI finally took place. and the XII. International brigade by language group. After the regrouping, the XI. International Brigade the following composition:

Due to the fact that the Asturias-Heredia battalion was one of the best Spanish battalions, the battalion of the XI. International Brigade separated.

Las Rozas

At the beginning of the fighting at Las Rozas , in January 1937, the XI. International brigade made up of three international battalions, the main battalions, and six Spanish battalions. During the fighting, the XI. International Brigade the following composition:

I. Edgar André Battalion
II Commune de Paris Battalion
III. Thalmann Battalion
+ Six unknown Spanish battalions , possibly two of the six battalions were the Madrid battalion and the Pacifico battalion .

After a dispute over pay, the military leadership of the International Brigades decided to part with the six Spanish battalions.

Murcia

Due to the losses of the XI. International Brigade at Las Rozas took place from January 19 to January 23, 1937, after the relocation of the brigade to Murcia, the reorganization of the XI. International Brigade. After the integration of the Spaniards, the XI. International brigade half Spaniards. From January 29, 1937, two Spanish battalions were further integrated into the XI. International Brigade. According to this classification, the XI. International Brigade the following composition:

On February 4, the XI. International Brigade, without the two Spanish battalions, the order to march to the central front to Morata de Tajuña near Madrid .

Battle of the Jarama

Immediately after the arrival of the XI. International Brigade on January 11, 1937 in Madrid three new Spanish battalions were added to the XI. International Brigade grouped. After this regrouping, the XI. International Brigade the following composition:

I. Edgar André Battalion
II Commune de Paris Battalion
III. Thalmann Battalion
IV. Unknown Spanish battalion
+ Teruel Battalion
+ Primero de Mayo battalion

After the Battle of Jarama , the fourth Spanish battalion was assigned to the three main battalions of the XI. International Brigade split. In addition, the two other Spanish battalions were transferred to another Spanish brigade.

Battle of Guadalajara

Before the Battle of Guadalajara , the XI. International Brigade the following composition:

From March 12, 1937, during the Battle of Guadalajara, another Spanish battalion of the XI. Assigned to the International Brigade. After the apoyo battalion was assigned, the brigade had the following composition:

After the battle of Guadalajara only the Pasionaria battalion remained with the XI. International Brigade.

After the transfer of the Pasionaria battalion to a Spanish brigade, a new Spanish battalion was integrated into the XI. International Brigade, the Andalusian Triana Battalion, with the stipulations to disband this battalion and to distribute the Andalusians to the international battalions.

Regrouping of the XI. International Brigade before the Battle of Brunete

Before the Battle of Brunete in July 1937, the International Brigades were regrouped. After the regrouping, the brigade had the following composition:

Dissolution of the XI. International Brigade

On September 24, 1938, the government of the Spanish Republic had to disband the International Brigades , partly because of pressure from the League of Nations .

people

Commanders

Surname	country	time
Jean-Marie François	Third French Republic France	October - November 1936
Manfred Stern ("Emilio Kléber")	German Reich NS Germany	November 1936
Hans Kahle ("Jorge Hans")	German Reich NS Germany	November 1936 - March 1937
Richard Staimer	German Reich NS Germany	March - November 1937
Heinrich Rau	German Reich NS Germany	November 1937 - April 1938
Ferenc Münnich ("Otto Flatter")	Hungary	April - October 1938
Américo Brizuela Cuenca	republican	October 1938 - January 1939

literature

Werner Abel (Ed.): »Pasaremos« - organ of the XI. Brigade - Reprint of the magazine, Karl Dietz Verlag , Berlin, 2017, ISBN 978-3-320-02337-9 .

Individual evidence

↑ Sociedad de Benéfica Historiadores aficionados y Creadores: Section 22 de octubre de 1936 ( Memento of 17 March 2012 at the Internet Archive ), accessed on August 27, 2012
^ Milicias Populares Centuria Commune de Paris ( Memento of December 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on May 13, 2012
↑ ^a ^b Structure of the international brigades ( memento from January 26, 2014 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on January 27, 2014
↑ Ludwig Renn: In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, page 90
^ Ludwig Renn: In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, order number 610 912 4, page 130
↑ Ludwig Renn: Im Spanischen Krieg , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, order number 610 912 4, page 133
↑ Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 138, 139 and 146
^ Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 153 and 154
^ Hanns Maaßen : Brigada Internacional is our honorary name ... , Röderberg-Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt / Main 1976, ISBN 3-87682-515-6 , page 176
^ Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 161, 162 and 174
↑ Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 180, 185 and 197
↑ Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 200 to 202, 203, 210, 219, 220 and 229
^ Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, page 219
^ Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 249, 250 and 261
↑ Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, page 258
^ Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 249, 250 and 261
↑ Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 245, 246, 249, 250, 258 and 261
^ Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 249, 250 and 261
^ Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, page 279
↑ Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 282 to 285
^ Battalions and Brigades , accessed January 20, 2014
^ Ludwig Renn: In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 334 to 355
^ Hanns Maaßen: Brigada Internacional is our honorary name ... , Röderberg-Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt / Main 1976, ISBN 3-87682-515-6 , page 459

[1] Sociedad de Benéfica Historiadores aficionados y Creadores: Section 22 de octubre de 1936 ( Memento of 17 March 2012 at the Internet Archive ), accessed on August 27, 2012

[2] Milicias Populares Centuria Commune de Paris ( Memento of December 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on May 13, 2012

[Struktur-3] Structure of the international brigades ( memento from January 26, 2014 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on January 27, 2014

[4] Ludwig Renn: In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, page 90

[5] Ludwig Renn: In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, order number 610 912 4, page 130

[6] Ludwig Renn: Im Spanischen Krieg , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, order number 610 912 4, page 133

[7] Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 138, 139 and 146

[8] Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 153 and 154

[9] Hanns Maaßen : Brigada Internacional is our honorary name ... , Röderberg-Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt / Main 1976, ISBN 3-87682-515-6 , page 176

[10] Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 161, 162 and 174

[11] Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 180, 185 and 197

[12] Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 200 to 202, 203, 210, 219, 220 and 229

[13] Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, page 219

[14] Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 249, 250 and 261

[15] Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, page 258

[16] Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 249, 250 and 261

[17] Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 245, 246, 249, 250, 258 and 261

[18] Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 249, 250 and 261

[19] Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, page 279

[20] Ludwig Renn : In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 282 to 285

[21] Battalions and Brigades , accessed January 20, 2014

[22] Ludwig Renn: In the Spanish War , Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar, 5th edition 1983, pages 334 to 355

[23] Hanns Maaßen: Brigada Internacional is our honorary name ... , Röderberg-Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt / Main 1976, ISBN 3-87682-515-6 , page 459