People of the White Rose Hamburg

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The list of the people of the White Rose Hamburg is a supplement to the article about the White Rose Hamburg . Those involved and those close to the resistance group are listed in alphabetical order . It consisted of several groups of friends and families who acted against the Nazi regime and the Second World War , based on the White Rose in Munich . About 50 people are known who were active in this way. In 1943 more than 30 of them were arrested. Eight members were murdered or died while in custody, and two more died as a result of their imprisonment.

In the list, the names of the people who are directly assigned to the resistance group are shown in bold letters , people from the environment who had an influence on the actors or who contributed to the development are in italics . Some names are marked in both bold and italics , these are people who were not actively involved in the actions of the White Rose Hamburg, but were nevertheless affected by the arrests and proceedings against the White Rose.

B.

Hermine Baron (1866 to January 22, 1943), mother of Katharina Leipelt
Hermine Baron lived in Vienna until 1938 and fled to Brno with her husband after the " annexation of Austria " to the German Empire. Her husband died there and she was brought to Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg by her son-in-law Konrad Leipelt . On July 19, 1942, she was deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto , where she died.
In her memory, a stumbling block was laid at Mannesallee 20 in Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg .

Howard Beinhoff (November 15, 1916 to July 23, 1986) Lichtwark pupil , philology student
Howard Beinhoff was a friend of Hans Leipelt and Karl Ludwig Schneider , stayed at the house of the Leipelt family in Wilhelmsburg and was at the agency of the until 1943 Involved in rough house . In 1942 he had private correspondence with Sophie Scholl , which, however, has no connection with the resistance groups.
After the war he was a teacher at the Stormarn School in Ahrensburg from 1954 to 1971 , teaching English, French and philosophy.

Wolf Beneckendorff (March 1, 1891 to January 27, 1960), actor
Wolf Beneckendorff took part in several meetings in the agency of the Rauhen Haus in1942/1943.

Jürgen Bierich (1921–1994), medical student
Jürgen Bierich took part in several meetings in the agency of the Rauhen Haus in 1942/1943 .

Otto Blumenthal , assistant doctor at the University Hospital Eppendorf (UKE)
Otto Blumenthal was a member of the candidates of humanity .

Ursula de Boor (March 3, 1915 to May 5, 2001) assistant doctor in the UKE children's clinic, daughter of the poet Lisa de Boor (1894–1957)
Ursula de Boor was a member of the candidates of humanity ; she was arrested on December 20, 1943 and taken to the Fuhlsbüttel police prison,transferred tothe People's Court as prisoners on remand as of November 1944, to the Cottbus women's penal institution and in February 1945, before the approaching Red Army, with around 500 other prisoners, to Bayreuth . She was in the partial proceedings against Albert Suhr, Hannelore Wilbrandt, Dr. Ursula de Boor, Wilhelm Stoldt and Felix Jud accused, the main hearing took place on April 19, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg in the absence of the accused. Ursula de Boor had already beenliberatedby American troops in Bayreuth on April 14, 1945.

C.

Lotte Canepa , Lichtwark student, Bündische Jugend
Lotte Canepa took part in the Erna Stahl reading group and was involved in the activities of Margaretha Rothe and Heinz Kucharski. Lotte Canepa is mentioned in the indictment against Kucharski et al. a. named, she was accused of procuring banned books. However, she herself has not been charged.

D.

Hermann Degkwitz (August 29, 1921 to December 8, 2007), art student, son of Rudolf Degkwitz senior.
Hermann Degkwitz founded the Musenkabinett together with Willi Renner in June 1940, andhe also regularly took part in meetings at the Rauhen Haus agency .

Richard Degkwitz , medical student, son of Rudolf Degkwitz sen.
Richard Degkwitz was a member of the candidates of humanity and was connected to the circle around the agency of the Rauhen Haus .

Rudolf Degkwitz (senior) (January 19, 1889 to May 21, 1973), professor of paediatrics
Rudolf Degkwitz publicly rejected the regulation of science and the anti- cultural behavior of the National Socialists, campaigned against anti-Semitism and the persecution of Jews, and turned against child euthanasia . He supported the candidates of humanity and the cabinet of muses . He was arrested on September 22, 1943, initially placed in the Fuhlsbüttel police prison, then transferred as a remand prisoner to the People's Court and taken to the Berlin-Tegel prison. On 21 and 24 February 1944 his trial took place in Berlin instead, he has been to seven years in prison convicted. The Rudolf Degkwitz sen. was not placed in the context of the resistance groups. Nevertheless, he was important as a mentor, especially for the candidates of humanity . He was sent to the Celle penitentiary to be sent to prison; whenthe prison wasevacuated on April 8, 1945, he was able to escape and go into hiding until the end of the war.

Rudolf Degkwitz (junior) (June 20, 1920 to September 18, 1990), medical student
Rudolf Degkwitz jun. was a member of the candidates of humanity , took part in the meetings of the Musenkabinett and in discussions in the agency of the Rauhen Haus . In the winter semester of 1942/43 he stayed in Munich on the occasion of his doctorate, presumably without contact with the White Rose group there . He was arrested on December 18, 1943 and taken to the Fuhlsbüttel police prison. He was part of the trial against Heinz Kucharski, Margaretha Rothe, Erna Stahl, Dr. Rudolf Degkwitz jun. and Hildegard Heinrichs accused, the main hearing took place on April 17, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg, the sentence against him was one year in prison. A short time later he was liberated by British troops.

Eva von Dumreicher (May 19, 1920 to January 30, 2010), née Heiligtag, assistant doctor at the UKE
Eva Dumreicher was a member of the candidates of humanity , during a study visit to Switzerland in the winter semester of 1942/43 she received information about the war crimes of the Germans, which she spread among her colleagues after her return. She was arrested in October 1943, there was insufficient evidence to support a charge, and she was released from police custody in late 1943.

F.

Wilhelm Flitner (August 20, 1889 to January 21, 1990), reform pedagogue, professor at the University of Hamburg
Wilhelm Flitner was a member of the Musenkabinett , with hisadvancedseminar on the Anthropological Colloquium and other discussion groups he supported the resistant students.

G

Friedrich Rudolf Geussenhainer , also Frederick Geussenhainer (May 24, 1912 to April 1945), medical student, murdered in Mauthausen concentration camp
Friedrich Geussenhainer was a staunch Catholic and was briefly imprisoned in 1939 fordistributinga speech by the Bishop of Galen . In 1942 he met Albert Suhr and became a member of the candidates of humanity . In July 1943 he was arrested and placed in the Fuhlsbüttel police prison. No charges were brought against him; on June 6, 1944, he was sent to the Neuengamme concentration camp as a protective prisoner, and a few weeks later he was transferred to the Mauthausen concentration camp. From December 13, 1944, he was placed under the Gusen command , a satellite camp of the concentration camp, and, from April 3, 1945, under the Amstetten command , another external command. He died of starvation on an unknown date in April 1945.
Friedrich Geussenhainer isrememberedin Hamburg with the memorial plaque in the Audimax , the memorial in Volksdorf and a stumbling stone in Johnsallee 63 in Rotherbaum . In addition, the Rothe-Geussenhainer-Haus is named after him and Margaretha Rotheon the grounds of the Eppendorf University Medical Center .

Hans Rudolf (John) Gluck , also John Gluck (February 17, 1906 to July 6, 1952), assistant doctor at the UKE
John Gluck was a member of the candidates of humanity , he was arrested in July 1943. He was mistreated in the Fuhlsbüttel police prison and was admitted Dark . No charges were brought against him; on June 6, 1944, he was transferred to the Neuengamme concentration camp as a protective prisoner, and a few weeks later he was transferred to the Mauthausen concentration camp. He was liberated by American troops on May 5, 1945 in Mauthausen. He did not recover from the effects of his imprisonment and died in South Africa in 1952.

Riko Graepel (born August 28, 1922), law student
Riko Graepel was a friend of Hans Leipelt, came from Harburg and studied law in Munich from 1941 to 1943. He was charged in the partial proceedings against Karl Schneider, Maria Leipelt, Dorothea Zill, Emmy Zill, Ilse Ledien and Riko Graepel . He was accused of having placed a suitcase with forbidden books by Hans Leipelt in February 1943. The trial took place on April 20, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg, Riko Graepel was acquitted.

H

Theo Hambroer , writer, Free Religious Movement
Theo Hambroer and his friend Louis Satow worked illegally in a reform Masonic lodge and from 1941 in contact with the circle around Heinz Kucharski, they partly took part in the meetings in the agency of the Rauhen Haus .

Rosa Harter
Rosa Harter had been friends with Kaethe Leipelt since 1925 and regularly attended meetings in her house. Her two brothers were imprisoned in the concentration camp for resisting the National Socialist regime. She was also friends with Hanna Marquard, who also frequented the Leipelt house and belonged to the Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen group . It is also known that Hans Leipelt visited her in Munich in 1942. She was arrested on December 9, 1943 and was held in Fuhlsbüttel police prison. There was no charge, and she was released from police custody at the end of 1943.

Hildegard Heinrichs (November 25, 1894 to 1972), mother of Heinz Kucharski
Hildegard Heinrichs was arrested on December 3, 1943, she was in the Fuhlsbüttel police prison, and from November 1944 she was placed under the People's Court as a remand prisoner and transported to the Cottbus women's penal institution. Before the approaching Red Army, she and about 500 other prisoners were transferred to Bayreuth in February 1945. She was in the partial proceedings against Heinz Kucharski, Margaretha Rothe, Erna Stahl, Dr. Rudolf Degkwitz jun. and Hildegard Heinrichs accused, the main hearing on April 17, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg took place in her absence, she had already been liberated by American troops on April 14, 1945 in Bayreuth.

Bruno Himpkamp (December 28, 1925 to December 8, 2008), pupil
Bruno Himpkamp was the tutor of Hans Leipelt. He joined the Swingboys around 1942, was briefly arrested and expelled from school. In April and May 1943, Hans Leipelt came into contact between some swing boys and members of the White Rose. Bruno Himpkamp was arrested shortly afterwards as part of another wave of arrests against the swing youth on May 12, 1943. He was imprisoned in Fuhlsbüttel police prison, and on June 6, 1944, he was transferred to Neuengamme concentration camp as a police prisoner. In November 1944 he was transferred to the Stendal Regional Court Prison as a remand prisoner at the People's Court. He was the main defendant in the proceedings against Bruno Himpkamp, ​​Gerd Spitzbart and Thorsten Müller , the main hearing took place on April 19, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg in his absence. He had already been liberated by American troops in Stendal on April 12, 1945.

Olaf Hudtwalcker (September 12, 1915 to April 23, 1984), jazz musician, publicist
Olaf Hudtwalcker came from a Hamburg merchant family, studied in Berlin from 1935 to 1941 and was a member of the local illegal hot club . In Hamburg, Hudtwalcker took part in meetings at the Rauhen Haus agency .

J

Marie-Luise Jahn (May 28, 1918 to June 22, 2010), chemistry student, member of Weißen Rose in Munich
Marie Luise Jahn was a friend and fellow student of Hans Leipelt in Munich. She visited his family in Hamburg with him in 1943 and took part in the meetings of the Rauhen Haus agency . She was arrested in Munich in October 1943 and sentenced to 12 years in prison on October 13, 1944 at the Munich People’s Court. At the end of April 1945 she was released from the Aichach women's prison .

Felix-Jud-Ring in Allermöhe

Felix Jud (March 7, 1899 to August 27, 1985), bookseller
Felix Jud was the owner of the Hamburg bookstore Felix Jud & Co. at the Colonnaden and a declared opponent of the Nazi state. The bookstore was a popular meeting place for various resistance groups. On December 18, 1943, he was arrested and taken to the Fuhlsbüttel police prison; on June 6, 1944, he was transferred to the Neuengamme concentration camp. The indictment took place in partial proceedings against Albert Suhr, Hannelore Wilbrandt, Dr. Ursula de Boor, Wilhelm Stoldt and Felix Jud , the main hearing took place on April 19, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg. He was sentenced to four years in prison and released in May 1945 after the British forces arrived in Hamburg.

K

Heinz Kucharski (July 22, 1919 to October 8, 2000), Lichtwark student, philosophy student (ethnology, oriental studies and philosophy)
Heinz Kucharski was considered the head of the White Rose Hamburg. His arrest took place on November 9, 1943, he was in the Fuhlsbüttel police prison, according to the indictment of February 23, 1945 he was the main accused in the partial proceedings against Heinz Kucharski, Margaretha Rothe, Erna Stahl, Dr. Rudolf Degkwitz jun. and Hildegard Heinrichs , the main hearing took place on April 17, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg, he was sentenced to death. During the transport to the execution site in Bützow-Dreibergen, he was able toescapeduring an air raid near Grevesmühlen .

L.

Traute Lafrenz (born May 3, 1919), Lichtwark student, medical student
Traute Lafrenz was a link to the White Rose in Munich. She belonged to Erna Stahl's reading group, began studying in Hamburg in the winter semester of 1938/39, spent the winter semester of 1939/1940 in Berlin and moved to Munich from the summer semester of 1940. There she met Hans Scholl and his family. In October / November 1942 she worked as a trainee in the women's clinic in Finkenau (Hamburg) and brought a leaflet from the White Rose and information about the resistance in Munich to her friends in Hamburg. On March 15, 1943, she was arrested in Munich andsentenced to one year in prisonat the Schmorell, Huber, Graf and others trial. Two weeks after her release on March 14, 1944, she was arrested again in Munich at the end of March 1944, this time in connection with the district in Hamburg. She was transferred to the Fuhlsbüttel police prison and from November 1944 as a remand prisoner at the People's Court in various other prisons. On April 14, 1945, American troops liberated her in Bayreuth women's prison.
Traute Lafrenzemigratedto the USA after 1945and now lives in Yonges Island, South Carolina .

Alexander Lange (July 8, 1903, † unknown), traveler
Alexander Lange and his wife Elisabeth Lange were friends with the Leipelt family. He was arrested on December 10, 1943 and released in the course of 1944. The investigation against him was continued and handed over to the senior Reich attorney at the People's Court. There was no further trial against him.

Elisabeth Lange (July 7, 1900 to January 28, 1944)
Elisabeth Lange was a friend of the Leipelt family and attended their gatherings in the house in Wilhelmsburg. She was arrested with her husband Alexander Lange on December 10, 1943. On January 28, 1944, she died in Fuhlsbüttel police prison, allegedly by suicide .
Today a stumbling stone in Hoppenstedtstrasse 76, Harburg-Eißendorf, reminds of Elisabeth Lange. They are also remembered at the White Rose Memorial in Hamburg-Volksdorf.

Ilse Ledien (born May 25, 1926), stenographer
Ilse Ledien was Maria Leipelt's friend and Kurt Ledien's daughter. She was arrested on December 17, 1943, was in the Fuhlsbüttel police prison and was indicted in the partial proceedings against Karl Schneider, Maria Leipelt, Dorothea Zill, Emmy Zill, Ilse Ledien and Riko Graepel ; the main hearing took place on April 20, 1945 at the People's Court in Hamburg instead, Ilse Ledien was acquitted.

Kurt Ledien (June 5, 1893 to April 23, 1945), lawyer, murdered in Neuengamme concentration camp
Kurt Ledien was friends with the Leipelt family. He was arrested on December 17, 1943 and held in Fuhlsbüttel police prison without charges being brought against him. In April 1945 he was transported with 70 other prisoners to the Neuengamme concentration camp, where he was murdered on April 23, 1945 in a so-called final phase crime in the Neuengamme concentration camp .
Two stumbling blocks remind of Kurt Ledien today, one in front of his last place of residence in Hohenzollernring 34, Hamburg-Altona , and one in front of the civil justice building on Sievekingplatz, Hamburg-Neustadt . The White Rose memorial in Volksdorf and the sculpture 12 chairs in Hamburg-Niendorf also include him in the memorial. A street in Hamburg-Niendorf is also named after him.

Hans Conrad Leipelt (July 18, 1921 to January 29, 1945), chemistry student, executed in Munich Stadelheim
Hans Leipelt was arrested in Munich on October 8, 1943, the trial took place in Donauwörth on October 13, 1944and ended with a death sentence him. On January 29, 1945 he was executed in the Munich-Stadelheim prison.
In addition to memorials in Munich and Donauwörth , there are also several places in Hamburg commemorating Hans Leipelt: the memorial plaque for the murdered Hamburg students in the auditorium of the University of Hamburg, the White Rose memorial in Volksdorf, the memorial plaques at the former agency of the Rauhen Haus on Jungfernstieg 50 and at the former home of the Leipelt family in Vogteistraße 23 in Hamburg-Rönneburg. Stumbling blocks for him have been laid in Mannesallee in Wilhelmsburg and Vogteistraße, and a street in Wilhelmsburg has been named after him.

Katharina Leipelt (May 28, 1893 to December 9, 1943), chemist
Katharina Leipelt came from Vienna and was the mother of Hans and Maria Leipelt. She was arrested on December 7, 1943 and found dead two days later, on December 9, 1943, in her cell in the Fuhlsbüttel police prison.
Stolpersteine ​​in the Mannesallee in Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg and in the Vogteistraße in Hamburg-Rönneburg as well as the White Rose memorial in Volksdorfremind of Katharina Leipelt.

Konrad Leipelt (died September 1942), graduate engineer, smelter Zinnwerke Wilhelmsburg GmbH
Konrad Leipelt was the husband of Katharina Leipelt and father of Hans and Maria Leipelt. He died of a heart attack.

Maria Leipelt (December 13, 1925 to September 5, 2008), shorthand typist
Maria Leipelt was Hans Leipelt's sister and friend of Ilse Ledien. She was arrested on November 9, 1943, transferred to the People's Court in 1944 as a prisoner on remand and transferred to the Cottbus women's penal institution, indicted in the partial proceedings against Karl Schneider, Maria Leipelt, Dorothea Zill, Emmy Zill, Ilse Ledien and Riko Graepel , the main hearing took place on April 20, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg in her absence. Before the approaching Red Army, she and about 500 other prisoners were moved to Bayreuth in February 1945 and liberated by American troops on April 14, 1945.

Heinz Lord (March 21, 1917 to February 3, 1961), assistant doctor at the UKE
Heinz Lord studied medicine in Zurich, Berlin and Hamburg. He was a member of the candidates of humanity and was close to the Hamburg swing youth . He was arrested in July 1943. No charges were brought against him; on June 6, 1944, he was transferred to Neuengamme concentration camp as a protective prisoner. There he took part in the evacuation in April 1945 and was one of the few survivors of the Cap Arcona disaster.
Heinz Lord emigrated to the United States in 1954and became Secretary General of the World Medical Association in 1960. He died on February 4, 1961 as a result of imprisonment.

M.

Hanna Marquard
Hanna Marquard was a friend of Kaethe Leipelt and Rosa Harter. Her son Heinz Marquard, who died in Poland in 1939 , was friends with Hans Leipelt. Like her husband Otto Marquard, who was executed in 1944, she belonged to the Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen group and was arrested in this context in July 1944.

Heinz Marquard (born around 1920, fallen in 1939) student, soldier
Heinz Marquard was a friend of Hans Leipelt and the son of Hanna and Otto Marquard, he died in Poland in September 1939.

Herbert Meinke , Lichtwark student
Herbert Meinke belonged to the Erna Stahl reading group and was friends with Hans Kucharski. He was also in contact with the art historian Rosa Schapire .

Wolrad Metterhausen (born January 17, 1913), doctor
Wolrad Metterhausen was arrested in 1943 and involved in the investigation against Kucharski and others . At the time of the indictment on November 4, 1944, he was no longer incarcerated.

Reinhold Meyer (July 18, 1920 to November 12, 1944), philosophy student and bookseller, perished in the police prison in Fuhlsbüttel
Reinhold Meyer was junior manager in the bookstore Agentur des Rauhen Haus and was part of the core of the White Rose Hamburg. He was arrested on December 19, 1943 and sent to Neuengamme concentration camp as a police prisoner for several weeks at the beginning of June 1944. On October 16, 1944, he was transferred back to the Fuhlsbüttel police prison. There he died on November 12, 1944 under unknown circumstances, the official cause of death was diphtheria .
Reinhold Meyer is remembered today by a stumbling stone at Hallerplatz 15 in Hamburg-Eimsbüttel, the memorial plaque in the Audimax, the memorial plaque on the house of the former Rauhen Haus agency at Jungfernstieg 50 and the White Rose memorial in Volksdorf.

Margarete-Mrosek-Bogen in Allermöhe

Margarete Mrosek (December 25, 1902 to April 21, 1945), hanged in Neuengamme concentration camp
Margarete Mrosek was known to Katharina Leipelt through the Zill family. She was arrested on December 10, 1943, no charges were brought against her, but she was still held in protective custody in the Fuhlsbüttel police prison. On April 18, 1945, she was taken to Neuengamme Concentration Camp together with 70 other prisoners, and murdered there on the night of April 21, 1945.
A stumbling stone Up de Schanz inHamburg-Nienstedtenand the White Rose memorial in Volksdorfremind of Margarete Mrosek.

Thorsten Müller (July 29, 1927 to November 21, 1991) pupil, writer, journalist, member of the swing boys
Thorsten Müller was expelled from school in 1941, at the age of fourteen, due to his lack of conformity and was in contact with the swing youth as well as Heinz Kucharski and Albert Suhr . He was arrested on June 3, 1943 and escapedfrom the remand prisonon July 27, 1943 during the bombing of Hamburg . He was arrested again on December 7, 1943. He wasindictedin the partial proceedings against Bruno Himpkamp, ​​Gerd Spitzbart and Thorsten Müller , the main hearing took place on April 19, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg. The senior Reich lawyer demanded ten years' imprisonment for him, a verdict was suspended because the other two defendants were not in Hamburg. These had already been liberated by American troops in Stendal on April 12, 1945.

R.

Margaretha Rothe (June 13, 1919 to April 15, 1945), Lichtwark student, medical student
Margaretha (Gretha) Rothe is counted among the core of the Hamburg White Rose. She was arrested on November 9, 1943 and was held in the Fuhlsbüttel police prison. In November 1944 she was transferred to the People's Court as a prisoner on remand and transferred to the Cottbus women's prison. She was in the partial proceedings against Heinz Kucharski, Margaretha Rothe, Erna Stahl, Dr. Rudolf Degkwitz jun. and Hildegard Heinrichs indicted. Before the approaching Red Army, she and about 500 other prisoners werebroughtto the Leipzig-Meusdorf prison in February 1945. There she became seriously ill with TB and died on April 15, 1945 in the local hospital.
A stumbling block was laid for Margaretha Rothe at Heidberg 64 in Hamburg-Winterhude . Other memorial sites are the memorial plaque in the Audimax, the White Rose memorialin Hamburg-Volksdorf , the 12 chairs memorialin Hamburg-Niendorf , the exhibition fourteen panels on the life of Margaretha Rothe in the school named after her in Barmbek and a detail in the spiral of memories , Women's garden in Ohlsdorf . In Niendorf a street is named after her and in the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf a building is called the Geussenhainer-Rothe-Haus.

S.

Louis Satow , writer, Free Religious Movement
Louis Satow and his friend Theo Hambroer worked illegally in a reform Masonic lodge and from 1941 in contact with the circle around Heinz Kucharski, they partly took part in the meetings in the agency of the Rauhen Haus .

Bertha Schmitz (March 17, 1866, † unknown)
Bertha Schmitz was the mother of Hildegard Heinrichs and grandmother of Heinz Kucharski, all three were living in 1943, at the time of the arrest of Heinz Kucharski and Hildegard Heinrichs, in Hamburg-Lohbrügge , Kirchstrasse 1; The grandmother was also investigated and the proceedings were forwarded to the People's Court. At the time of the indictment, Bertha Schmitz was not in custody.

Alexander Schmorell (September 16, 1917 to July 13, 1943), medical student, member of the White Rose, executed in Munich-Stadelheim.
Alexander Schmorell studied at the University of Hamburg in the summer semester of 1939.

Karl Ludwig Schneider (September 25, 1919 to July 9, 1981), Lichtwark student, philosophy student
Karl Ludwig Schneider was one of the central liaison officers within the various circles of the White Rose Hamburg. He was a friend of Albert Suhr and had known Margaretha Rothe, Heinz Kucharski and Traute Lafrenz since school. In 1940 he made friends with Hans Leipelt, whom he met during the Western campaign. He was a member of the Cabinet of the Muses. Before 1933 he belonged to a Christian hiking association. He was arrested on November 20, 1943 and was imprisoned in Fuhlsbüttel police prison, from June 6, 1944 as a police prisoner in Neuengamme concentration camp. In November 1944 he was transferred to the Stendal Regional Court Prison as a remand prisoner at the People's Court. He was the main defendant in the partial proceedings against Karl Schneider, Maria Leipelt, Dorothea Zill, Emmy Zill, Ilse Ledien and Riko Graepel , the main hearing took place on April 20, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg in his absence. He had already been liberated by American troops in Stendal on April 12, 1945.

Apelles (Pelle) Sobeczko (1921–1944), art student, painter
Pelle Sobeczko was a member of the Musenkabinett, was involved in several art student actions, drafted several times for front service, since 1944 missing in Russia.

Gerd Spitzbart (born July 29, 1925), student
Gerd Spitzbart was a member of the Hamburg Swingboys and a friend of Bruno Himpkamp and Thorsten Müller. He was arrested on December 1, 1943 and was imprisoned in Fuhlsbüttel police prison; on June 6, 1944, he was transferred as a police prisoner to Neuengamme concentration camp. In November 1944 he was transferred to the Stendal Regional Court Prison as a remand prisoner at the People's Court. He was accused in the partial proceedings against Bruno Himpkamp, ​​Gerd Spitzbart and Thorsten Müller , the main hearing took place on April 19, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg in his absence. He had already been liberated by American troops in Stendal on April 12, 1945.

Erna Stahl (February 15, 1900 to June 13, 1980), teacher
Erna Stahl taught from 1928 as a candidate and from 1930 as a teacher at the Lichtwark School in Hamburg. In 1935 she was given a punishment transfer due to her active rejection of the NSDAP. She continued to organize private reading evenings for her former students. On December 4, 1943 she was arrested by the Gestapo, in 1944 transferred to the People's Court as a prisoner on remand and transferred to the Cottbus women's penal institution. She was indicted in the partial proceedings against Heinz Kucharski, Margaretha Rothe, Erna Stahl, Dr. Rudolf Degkwitz jun. and Hildegard Heinrichs , the main hearing took place on April 17, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg in her absence: in front of the approaching Red Army, she was transferred to Bayreuth with around 500 other prisoners in February 1945 and liberated by American troops on April 14, 1945 .
After the end of the Second World War, Erna Stahl worked as a teacher / headmistress in Hamburg.

Wilhelm Stoldt (February 14, 1886 to March 13, 1957), Glaser
Wilhelm Stoldt was provisionally arrested on December 4, 1943, was incarcerated in the Gestapo prison in Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel and was taken to Neuengamme concentration camp as a police prisoner for several weeks on June 6, 1944 . On November 6, 1944, the attorney general at the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court handed over the files of the prisoners of the White Rose to the People's Court, and on November 16, Stoldt and five other male members of the White Rose Hamburg were transferred to the Stendal regional court prison. The indictment of February 23, 1945 by the senior Reich attorney at the People's Court read: preparation for high treason, favoring enemies and degrading military strength, which is brought against Albert Suhr, Hannelore Willbrandt, Ursula de Boor, Wilhelm Stoldt and Felix Jud in a joint indictment. Wilhelm Stoldt and the other members of the White Rose Hamburg were liberated by the US Army in Stendal on April 12, 1945, while the “People's Court” in Hamburg continued to negotiate against members of the White Rose until April 20. Stoldt died in Hamburg-Uhlenhorst.

Inge Stolten (March 23, 1921 to May 4, 1993), actress, writer
, participated in meetings in the agency of the Rauhen Haus in 1943, a former classmate of Dorothea Zill.

Albert Suhr (December 9, 1920 to July 13, 1996), assistant doctor at the UKE
Albert Suhr was a central figure in the various circles that formed the White Rose Hamburg. He had a friendship with Frederick Geussenhainer, through whom he came to the circle of candidates of humanity , had a love affair with the bookseller Hannelore Willbrandt and was in contact with Margaretha Rothe and Heinz Kucharski. He also took part in the Cabinet of the Muses . He was arrested on September 13, 1943, and in November 1944 he was transferred to the Stendal Regional Court Prison as a remand prisoner at the People's Court. He was in the partial proceedings against Albert Suhr, Hannelore Wilbrandt, Dr. Ursula de Boor, Wilhelm Stoldt and Felix Jud accused, the main hearing took place on April 19, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg in his absence. He had already been liberated by American troops in Stendal on April 12, 1945.

V

Egon Vietta (November 11, 1903 to November 29, 1959), writer
Egon Vietta was a member of the Musenkabinett and participated in the meetings at the agency of the Rauhe Haus . When the arrests began in autumn 1943, he was serving in the Wehrmacht in Italy. He could desert and go into hiding until the end of the war.

W.

Hannelore Willbrandt (September 21, 1923 to February 10, 2003), bookseller
Hannelore Willbrandt was a bookseller in the Kloss bookstore and was a central member of the White Rose Hamburg. She was arrested on December 18, 1943, transferred to the People's Court as a prisoner on remand in 1944 and transferred to the Cottbus women's penal institution. The indictment was made for preparing for high treason , favoring the enemy , degrading military strength and radio crime in the proceedings against Albert Suhr , Hannelore Willbrandt, Dr. Ursula de Boor , Wilhelm Stoldt and Felix Jud . The proceedings were to be carried out in Bayreuth, since the building of the People's Court in Berlin was destroyed due to Allied bombing on February 3, 1944. She wasliberatedby members of the US Army in Bayreuth on April 14, 1945 without trial.

Adolf Wriggers (April 27, 1896 to November 30, 1984), painter, KPD member
Adolf Wriggers was friends with the Leipelt family, a member of the Musenkabinett and took part in the meetings at the Rauhen Haus agency . From 1934 he was arrested several times by the Gestapo, from 1943 (after the bombing of his studio in the attic of the Heine house at Jungfernstieg 34, which he had rented since 1941) he went into hiding until the end of the war.

Z

Dorothea ("Dorle") Zill (September 7, 1921 to 2000), a music student,
was friends with Hans Leipelt, was arrested on January 8, 1944, transferred to the People's Court in 1944 as a prisoner on remand and transferred to the Cottbus women's penal institution. She wasindictedin the partial proceedings against Karl Schneider, Maria Leipelt, Dorothea Zill, Emmy Zill, Ilse Ledien and Riko Graepel , the main hearing took place on April 20, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg in her absence. Before the approaching Red Army, she and about 500 other prisoners were transferred to Bayreuth via the Leipzig Meusdorf prison in February 1945 and liberated by American troops on April 14, 1945.

Emmy Zill (December 23, 1896 to 1973)
was friends with the Leipelt family and was arrested on December 15, 1943 together with her husband Johannes Zill, transferred to the People's Court in 1944 as a prisoner on remand and transferred to the Cottbus women's prison. She was indicted in the partial proceedings against Karl Schneider, Maria Leipelt, Dorothea Zill, Emmy Zill, Ilse Ledien and Riko Graepel , the main hearing took place on April 20, 1945 before the People's Court in Hamburg in her absence. Before the approaching Red Army, she and about 500 other prisoners were transferred to Bayreuth via the Leipzig Meusdorf prison in February 1945 and liberated by American troops on April 14, 1945.

Johannes Zill (March 27, 1895, date of death unknown), a merchant
friend of the Leipelt family, was arrested on December 15, 1943 together with his wife Emmy Zill, transferred to the People's Court as a prisoner on remand in November 1944 and transferred to the Stendahl prison. There he was liberated by American troops on April 12, 1945.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ die-harburger.de ( Memento of 8 November 2008 at the Internet Archive ), accessed 12 February 2010
  2. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth , Gertrud Meyer : Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 81, 389 ff .; Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . Page 324
  3. ↑ a b Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 403; Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . Page 324
  4. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 394; Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . Page 324
  5. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 402 f.
  6. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 295, 403 ff .; Lisa de Boor's diary, excerpt in Ursel Hochmuth (Ed.): Candidates of Humanity. Documentation . Page 17 ff.
  7. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 81, 388; Arno Klönne: Against the Current (1958) In: Ursel Hochmuth: Candidates of Humanity . Page 31
  8. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 295, 391 ff .; Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . Page 98 ff.
  9. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 295 ff.
  10. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 292–302
  11. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 295, 390 ff.
  12. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 402, 414
  13. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 394 ff .; Angela Bottin: Tight time. Traces of displaced and persecuted people at the University of Hamburg . Page 28 and a.
  14. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 402 ff .; Mechtild Bausch: All the slain, who lives for them? taz article from August 21, 1992 , accessed December 29, 2010
  15. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 402 ff .; Testimony from Dr. Gluck (1947), in: Ursel Hochmuth: Candidates of Humanity . Page 23 f., See also: Mechtild Bausch: All the slain, who lives for them? taz article from August 21, 1992 , accessed December 29, 2010
  16. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 200, 220
  17. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 391; Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . Page 324
  18. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 212, 389 ff.
  19. ^ Sächsisches Staatsarchiv Leipzig, District Assembly and Council of the District of Leipzig No. 27562
  20. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 414, 419
  21. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 404 ff .; Herbert Diercks: Freedom lives. Resistance and persecution in Hamburg 1933–1945 . Page 38 f .; Bruno Himpkamp , short biography of the German Resistance Memorial Center .
  22. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933–1945 page 395 ff.
  23. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 392 ff .; Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . Page 222 and a .; see also: Christoph Brauers: The FDP in Hamburg 1945–1953. Start as a bourgeois left party . Dissertation at the Helmut Schmidt University of the Federal Armed Forces in Hamburg 2004, Martin Meidenbauer Verlagbuchhandlung, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-89975-569-5 , pages 106-109, preview on Google books .
  24. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pp. 79 f., 387-420; see also: Heinz Kucharski , short biography of the German Resistance Memorial Center .
  25. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pp. 387-394
  26. ↑ Traute Lafrenz , short biography of the German Resistance Memorial Center
  27. ↑ Interview with Traute Lafrenz, in: Sibylle Bassler: Die Weisse Rose. Contemporary witnesses remember . P. 36 ff.
  28. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth: Candidates of Humanity, documentation on the Hamburg White Rose . Page 16; Herbert Diercks: Freedom lives. Resistance and persecution in Hamburg 1933–1945 . Page 47.
  29. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 414 ff.
  30. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 389 ff.
  31. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 236, 389 ff .; Biography Kurt Ledien, in: State Center for Political Education: Stolpersteine ​​in Hamburg Altona. Biographical search for traces . Page 59, also online: Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg , accessed on December 29, 2010
  32. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 387-421; Christiane Benzenberg: Monuments for the resistance group 'White Rose' in Munich and Hamburg . Page 18
  33. ^ Hans Leipelt , short biography of the German Resistance Memorial Center .
  34. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 388 ff., 400, 417, 421; Biography Katharina Leipelt in: die-harburger.de Stolpersteine ( Memento from November 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  35. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 388 f.
  36. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 388 ff.
  37. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 402 ff .; Obituary: Canadian Medical Journal, Mar. 11, 1961, vol. 84, PMC 1939322 (free full text), accessed December 29, 2010; Matthias Gretzschel: Hamburg's White Rose. In: Hamburger Abendblatt of January 27, 2011, p. 22
  38. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 360 ff.
  39. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages p. 360 ff.
  40. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 388; Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . Page 481
  41. ^ Letter to the Oberreichsanwalt at the People's Court, in: Ursel Hochmuth: Candidates of Humanity . Page 16
  42. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 , pages 394 ff .; Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . Page 100 fu a .; Felix Jud: Reinhold Meyer and the bookstore of the agency des Rauhen Haus . (1969), in: Ursel Hochmuth: Candidates of Humanity . Page 49 f .; Angela Bottin: Tight time. Traces of displaced and persecuted people at the University of Hamburg . Page 11 and a.
  43. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 236, 389 ff .; Biography Margarete Mrosek in: State Center for Political Education: Stolpersteine ​​in Hamburg Altona. Biographical search for traces . Page 102 ff., Online at: Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg
  44. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 393 ff .; Matthias Gretzschel: Hamburg's White Rose. In: Hamburger Abendblatt of January 27, 2011, p. 23
  45. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pp. 80 f., 387-421; Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . Page 324; Biography Margaretha Rothe in: State Center for Political Education: Stolpersteine ​​in Hamburg Winterhude. Biographical search for traces . Page 225 f., Ingeborg Staudacher: Margaretha Rothe. A Hamburg student and resistance fighter , Ed. Gunther Staudacher, Balingen 2010, ISBN 3-00-033234-0
  46. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 280, 391, 403; Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . Page 324; Note: The Free Religious Hamburg Congregation around the community leader Louis Satow originally belonged to the BFGD, but had joined the newly founded Free Religious Community of Germany in 1934. In July 1935 the Hamburg community was banned for illegal political machinations . See: Gehrmann: History of the Free Religious Community . P. 44
  47. ^ Letter to the Oberreichsanwalt at the People's Court, in: Ursel Hochmuth: Candidates of Humanity . Pages 16–17
  48. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 390 ff.
  49. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 81, 388 ff.
  50. ↑ Maike Bruhns: Art in the Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . P. 324
  51. ↑ Angela Bottin: Tight Time. Traces of displaced and persecuted people at the University of Hamburg . P. 65; War Diary 1941: ibid, p. 68
  52. ^ Karl Ludwig Schneider , short biography of the German Resistance Memorial Center
  53. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 394, 403; Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . Pages 98-101, fn. 300
  54. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 319, 404 ff.
  55. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 77 f., 387 ff .; Hanne Sengbusch: Erna Stahl. Memories of the teacher and founder of the Albert Schweitzer School. Homepage of the Albert Schweitzer School, accessed on February 6, 2018.
  56. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 401f, 414, 419, 421; Angela Bottin: Tight time. Traces of displaced and persecuted people at the University of Hamburg . Pages 82, 87
  57. ^ Katarzyna Sasinowska: The estate of Inge Stolten in the State and University Library Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky. Diploma thesis, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg 1997.
  58. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Pages 393-421; Angela Bottin: Tight time. Traces of displaced and persecuted people at the University of Hamburg . Page 73; Albert Suhr , short biography of the German Resistance Memorial Center
  59. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 403, 407; Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . Page 223, 324
  60. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 393 ff.
  61. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 389 ff .; Maike Bruhns: Art in Crisis. Volume 1: Hamburg Art in the “Third Reich” . Page 324 a. a., 516 f. (Fig.); Volume 2: Artist Lexicon Hamburg , pages 429–432
  62. ↑ Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 388 ff.
  63. ↑ a b Ursel Hochmuth, Gertrud Meyer: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance. 1933-1945 . Page 389 ff.