Franz Schuster (architect)

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Franz Schuster (born December 26, 1892 in Vienna , Austria-Hungary , † July 24, 1972 ) was an Austrian architect and furniture designer . As a socially committed architect, he is one of the protagonists of “ New Building ”. The shoemaker is named after him, a multi-storey school building in which every classroom is illuminated from both sides.

Life

Garden city of Hellerau

Schuster studied at the Vienna School of Applied Arts first with Oskar Strnad , then with Heinrich Tessenow and graduated in 1919. He later became Tessenow's assistant and in 1919 he moved to the crafts community in Dresden-Hellerau . He then worked for Tessenow on the settlement in Pößneck (1920–1921) and the garden city of Hellerau (1921–1922). Since 1922 he was a freelance architect in Hellerau.

From 1923 to 1925 he was the chief architect of the Austrian Association for Settlements and Allotments in Vienna.

Strongly influenced by Tessenow, he designed the Schutzbund settlement in Knittelfeld (Styria) together with Franz Schacherl in 1924 . The private home colony Am Wasserturm in Vienna was built in 1923–1924 in the so-called Heimatstil , with 190 small two-story houses of various types with living arrangements that were well thought out down to the smallest detail. Since he lived in the settlement himself, he also designed suitable furniture for small houses.

From 1925 he began working independently and working with Franz Schacherl for the Vienna Settlement Office. In 1929–1931 they designed a Montessori kindergarten with cube-shaped classrooms that were attached to a central room. The Karl-Volkert-Hof , a community building with two inner courtyards and 233 apartments , was built in 1926–1927 for the municipal housing program of the “ Red Vienna ” .

Also with Schacherl, he founded the architecture magazine Der Aufbau - Austrian monthly magazine for housing developments and urban development , which wanted to give an impulse towards the garden city .

From 1925 to 1927 he was a teacher at the Wienerberg ceramic college and from 1926 to 1927 he was a teacher for building construction at the Vienna School of Applied Arts.

Opel bath

In 1927 Schuster moved to Frankfurt am Main, where he worked as a freelance architect until 1936. From 1928 to 1933 he was head of the class for housing and interior design at the Städelschule, and between 1933 and 1936 he was general secretary of the International Housing Association in Frankfurt. 1927-1931 he worked at the new Frankfurt under Ernst May , where he participated in the implementation planning of the settlement Roman city and the settlement Westhausen was involved in. According to his plans, the Niederursel elementary school (today Heinrich Kromer School) in Frankfurt am Main was built, which is considered the archetype of the cobbler type named after him . He also designed furniture for the “Frankfurter Register”. In 1933/1934, together with the architect Edmund Fabry and the horticultural architect Wilhelm Hirsch, he planned the Opelbad in Wiesbaden, which is located like a terrace on a south-sloping slope and, like the Frankfurt settlement projects, follows the design language of the "New Building" .

In 1933 Schuster returned to Vienna. In 1937 he became head of the architecture class at the University of Applied Arts in Vienna. After connecting Schuster drew up plans for a huge Wiener party forum modeled on the Nazi Party Rally Grounds in Nuremberg , for the construction of large parts of the then mainly inhabited by Jews Second District Leopoldstadt should have been demolished. However, Schuster remained prominent even after 1945 and was appointed professor at the University of Applied Arts in 1950. From 1952 to 1957 he was the head of the Research Center of the City of Vienna for Housing and Building .

In 2003 the Franz-Schuster-Gasse in Vienna- Donaustadt (22nd district) was named after him.

plant

Karl Volkert Hof
Special kindergarten Swiss donation
Pension Insurance Institution Graz
Housing complex Siemensstrasse 21–55 (1950–1954)
  • 1920–1921: Settlement Am Gruneberg in Pößneck (as Tessenow's assistant)
  • 1921–1922: Gartenstadt Hellerau (as Tessenow's assistant)
  • 1921: Settlement Southeast , Vienna 10, (with Franz Schacherl)
  • 1921: Kriegerheimstätte Hirschstetten , Vienna 22 (with Georg Karau, Adolf Loos, Franz Schacherl)
  • 1923–1924: Settlement Am Wasserturm , Vienna 10 (with Franz Schacherl)
  • 1924: Schutzbund settlement , Knittelfeld (with Franz Schacherl)
  • 1924: Winarskyhof or Otto-Haas-Hof , Vienna 20 (with Josef Hoffmann, Josef Frank, Oskar Strnad, Oskar Wlach , Adolf Loos, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Karl Dirnhuber, Peter Behrens)
  • 1924–1926: Neustraßäcker settlement , Vienna 22 (with Franz Schacherl)
  • 1926–1927: Housing complex of the Vienna community Karl-Volkert-Hof , Vienna 16 (with Franz Schacherl)
  • 1927–1929: Römerstadt settlement , Frankfurt am Main (implementation planning by Ernst May)
  • 1929–1931: Westhausen settlement , Frankfurt am Main (implementation planning by Ernst May)
  • 1929–1931: Montessori kindergarten, Vienna 1, Rudolfsplatz
  • Municipal housing , Linke Wienzeile , Vienna
  • Siemensstrasse housing estate , Vienna
  • 1933–1934: Opelbad , Wiesbaden (with Edmund Fabry and W. Hirsch)
  • 1947–1951: Per-Albin-Hansson-Siedlung - West , Vienna 10, (with Max Fellerer, F. Pangratz, S. Simony and Eugen Wörle, extension 1954–1955)
  • 1948–1949: Special kindergarten Swiss donation , Vienna 14
  • 1950–1954: Franz Schuster housing estate, Vienna 21
  • 1951–1957: Am Schöpfwerk residential complex and homes for the elderly, Vienna 12
  • 1955–1957: Pension Insurance Institution , Vienna 9th
  • 1957: Interbau component, so-called row high-rise (three-storey residential building), Hanseatenweg, Berlin-Hansaviertel (Tiergarten)
  • 1963–1966: Graz Pension Insurance Fund

Awards

Publications (selection)

  • Proletarian culture houses. Verl. D. Worker u. Abstinentenbundes, Vienna 1926. ÖNB
  • A furnished small apartment. Englert and Schlosser, Frankfurt [am Main] 1927. OBVSG
  • A furnished settlement house. Englert and Schlosser, Frankfurt [am Main] 1928. OBVSG
  • A furniture book - a contribution to the problem of contemporary furniture; with 167 illustrations , Englert and Schlosser, Frankfurt am Main 1929. OBVSG
  • The construction of small apartments with affordable rents. Verl. D. Boarding school Association f. Housing, Frankfurt a. M. 1931. OBVSG
  • The style of our time. The five forms of shaping the outer world of man. A contribution to cultural reconstruction , Schroll, Vienna 1948. OBVSG
  • Basics of stair construction. Design, construction and creation; with 125 tears and cuts and 36 photographs. Julius Hoffmann, Stuttgart 1948. OBVSG
  • Balconies. Balconies, arcades and terraces from all over the world; with 137 photographs and 105 construction sheets. Hoffmann, Stuttgart 1962. OBVSG

Web links

Commons : Franz Schuster (Architect)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sigrid Russ, Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse; Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany: Cultural monuments in Hessen, Wiesbaden II - The villa areas; Vieweg 1988; ISBN 3-528-06236-3 ; Page 382
personal data
SURNAME Schuster, Franz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian architect
DATE OF BIRTH December 26, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH July 24, 1972