Laxenburg

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market community
Laxenburg
coat of arms Austria map
Coat of arms of Laxenburg
Laxenburg (Austria)
Laxenburg
Basic data
Country: Austria
State : Lower Austria
Political District : Mödling
License plate : MD
Surface: 10.6 km²
Coordinates : 48 ° 4 '  N , 16 ° 21'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 4 '6 "  N , 16 ° 21' 27"  E
Height : 177  m above sea level A.
Residents : 2,882 (January 1, 2020)
Population density : 272 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes : 2361 (2351 IZ Lower Austria South)
Area code : 0 22 36
Community code : 3 17 15
NUTS region AT127
UN / LOCODE AT LXE
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Schlossplatz 7–8
2361 Laxenburg
Website: www.laxenburg.at
politics
Mayor : David Berl ( ÖVP )
Municipal Council : ( 2020 )
(21 members)
15th
3
3
15th 3 3 
A total of 21 seats
Location of Laxenburg in the Mödling district
Achau Biedermannsdorf Breitenfurt bei Wien Brunn am Gebirge Gaaden Gießhübl Gumpoldskirchen Guntramsdorf Hennersdorf Hinterbrühl Kaltenleutgeben Laab im Walde Laxenburg Maria Enzersdorf Mödling Münchendorf Perchtoldsdorf Vösendorf Wiener Neudorf Wienerwald NiederösterreichLocation of the municipality of Laxenburg in the Mödling district (clickable map)
About this picture
Template: Infobox municipality in Austria / maintenance / site plan image map
Schlossplatz
Schlossplatz
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

Laxenburg is an Austrian market town with 2882 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) in the Mödling district in Lower Austria .

The place is best known for the castle, castle park and Franzensburg .

geography

Laxenburg is located about 20 km south of Vienna on the Schwechat .

Community structure

The municipality includes only one place, and one cadastral municipality and locality .

Neighboring communities

Biedermannsdorf Achau
Guntramsdorf Neighboring communities
Münchendorf

Laxenburg does not border on Wiener Neudorf: In the industrial center of Lower Austria South there is an approx. 150 m long border section on which Biedermannsdorf borders on Guntramsdorf and thus Laxenburg is separated from Wiener Neudorf.

history

Old castle with moats, from an old engraving

middle Ages

The first settlements in today's area of ​​the market town of Laxenburg can be traced back to the Neolithic Age and were inhabited at least until the Latène period. After the fall of the Roman Empire , Avars settled in the region. However, these settlements can only be determined archaeologically ; contemporary, written sources are not available. The first mention of Laxenburg, which was classified as uncertain, dates from 1133, although well-established written sources are only available from 1217 that describe the place in several name variants. The origin of the place name has not been conclusively clarified, although various theories exist on this.

First mentions from the early 13th century refer to a ministerial family from Lachsendorf. The park with its very small magnificent buildings became part of the Habsburg family in 1333 . The place gained great importance when Duke Albrecht III. from Austria had the existing small castle expanded into a stately hunting lodge in the 14th century. The building is known as the Old Castle (in the park, on the right-hand side after the main entrance). Duke Albrecht called this foundation Lachsenburg , and this name finally prevailed for the entire place. In 1388 Duke Albrecht Laxenburg granted market rights. In the 17th century the park was extended by Lodovico Burnacini .

Blauer Hof on Schloßplatz in Laxenburg

Modern times

The imperial, baroque Blue Court (or New Palace ) was built around 1710 by Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt on behalf of Imperial Vice Chancellor Friedrich Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim at the entrance to the park. Maria Theresa later acquired the Blue Court and from 1756 had it expanded extensively by the court architect Nicoló Pacassi . It became the imperial summer palace and was the favorite residence of Empress Maria Theresa. Later it was often used by Joseph II , Franz II , and Charles I and was also repeatedly used as a summer residence by other members of the Habsburg family.

The church, located directly opposite the Blauer Hof , is the first building north of the Alps to contain curved facade elements (characteristic of the high baroque). On June 11, 1693, Emperor Leopold I laid the foundation stone himself. The architect from 1693 to 1703 was Carlo Antonio Carlone , the construction management was carried out by Christian Alexander Oedtl . The new church was consecrated on May 31, 1699, the pastor wrote to the emperor, adding that the church does not yet have a tower. The cross could be placed on the top of the tower as early as 1712. This construction phase was headed by Matthias Steinl until 1724 . Master Johann Wieser from Kaisersteinbruch carried out stone carvings from hard imperial stone . Hardly any documents exist about the construction work itself.

After 1780 the Laxenburg Palace Park was redesigned into an English landscape garden, unlike the Schönbrunn Palace Park, which was retained in the French style. Since then, it has contained narrow, romantic hiking trails, several man-made ponds and the Franzensburg, named after Emperor Franz I , is located on an island . In addition to the construction activities of the Habsburgs, summer residences for aristocratic families were also increasingly built in Laxenburg in the 17th and 18th centuries. In addition, building projects of the local citizens were realized, so in 1702 the later inn "Zum Goldenen Kreuz" was completed. In addition, the palaces of the Sinzendorf , Schwarzenberg , Kaunitz and Dietrichstein families were mentioned in contemporary literature.

In 1849 today's political municipality was established.

Emperor Franz Joseph and Empress Elisabeth spent their honeymoon in Laxenburg in 1854. Two of their four children - Gisela (1856–1932) and Crown Prince Rudolf (1858–1889) - were born at Laxenburg Castle.

In 1919 the war victims fund took over the palace complex.

After the annexation of Austria in 1938, the place was incorporated into Greater Vienna (part of the 24th district); only years after the liberation of Austria by the Allies in 1945, namely in 1954, did Laxenburg become independent again and revert to Lower Austria.

From the end of the Second World War in 1945 until the Austrian State Treaty in 1955, Soviet occupation troops established one of their most important bases south of Vienna in the Blauer Hof . During this time, the magnificent buildings and the park were badly affected.

St. Mark's Lion from the old Vienna Südbahnhof , now in the center of Laxenburg

Plans that emerged at the end of the 1950s to use the heavily devastated castle park for a world exhibition in 1967 came to nothing, but the area was revitalized by the states of Lower Austria and Vienna . The Schloss Laxenburg operating company was founded for the management and marketing of the park and palace , in which the federal states of Lower Austria and Vienna each hold 50%. The castle is now home to the IIASA with over 200 employees.

In the last few decades Laxenburg has become a very popular place to live and at the same time one of the most popular excursion destinations in Lower Austria .

At the Interpol World Congress in Rio de Janeiro in September 2006 it was decided to locate the International Anti-Corruption Academy in Austria, and Laxenburg was ultimately chosen as the exact location. The former Palais Kaunitz-Wittgenstein , in which the Sisters of the Cross ran a housekeeping school until 1988 and which then served as a seminar and community center ("Place of the Middle") of national importance for almost 20 years, was made available by the Sisters of the Cross in 2007. The academy was inaugurated in a ceremony in the Vienna Hofburg on September 2nd and 3rd, 2010 in the presence of the Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon .

Population development

census Residents
2011 2,742
2001 2,736
1991 2,605
1981 1,861
1971 1,353
1951 1,168
1900 1,264
1869 1,065

Source: Laxenburg population development. (PDF) Statistics Austria

politics

Community representation

Town twinning

Economy and Infrastructure

Laxenburg is the seat of numerous institutions, including the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in the New Palace ("Blauer Hof"), the International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA) in the Palais Kaunitz-Wittgenstein and the Austrian Film Archive on the site of the former forester's house. In addition, the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) and the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) have their respective secretariat in Laxenburg.

In addition, there is a monastery with a retirement home for the Sisters of the Cross .

Laxenburg, together with the neighboring communities Wiener Neudorf , Biedermannsdorf and Guntramsdorf, also has a share in Austria's largest industrial site, the IZ NÖ Süd .

Culture and sights

buildings

The place is best known today for its Laxenburg Palace ( Blauer Hof ), which was the most important summer residence of the Habsburgs alongside Schönbrunn , and the adjoining spacious palace park with the Franzensburg castle that can be visited .

  • Laxenburg Church

  • Franzensburg on an island in the castle park

  • Concordia temple in the palace gardens

  • Tower stairs

societies

The place has a wide range of clubs and organizations.

Sons and daughters of the church

Crown Prince Rudolf was born in Laxenburg
  • Johann Natterer (born November 9, 1787 in Laxenburg, † June 17, 1843 in Vienna), Austrian naturalist
  • Gisela Louise Marie of Austria (born July 12, 1856 in Laxenburg, † July 27, 1932 in Munich), Archduchess of Austria-Hungary, daughter of Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth
  • Crown Prince Rudolf (born August 21, 1858 in Laxenburg; † January 30, 1889 in Mayerling), son of Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth
  • Elisabeth Marie of Austria (born September 2, 1883 in Laxenburg, † March 16, 1963 in Vienna), sole descendant of Crown Prince Rudolf
  • Eduard Hartmann (born September 3, 1904, † October 14, 1966 in Vienna), Austrian politician of the ÖVP , 1965–1966 Governor of Lower Austria
  • Lucian O. Meysels (born May 14, 1925 in Laxenburg; † August 21, 2012 in Vienna), author and journalist
  • Elisabeth Mosser was the first female mayor of Lower Austria in 1985

literature

  • Christian Fastl: Laxenburg. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7001-3045-7 . (on court and local music history)
  • Gertrude Horacek: Laxenburg. Contributions to the local history and property history . Dissertation. University of Vienna, Vienna 1954.
  • Elisabeth Springer, Barbara Formann: Laxenburg: Jewel at the gates of Vienna . Provincial Library Publishing House. Weitra 2013. ISBN 978-3-99028-193-2 .

Web links

Commons : Laxenburg  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Laxenburg  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Laxenburg, p. 17
  2. ↑ Laxenburg, pp. 19-20
  3. ↑ Laxenburg, p. 105
  4. ↑ Laxenburg, p. 109
  5. ↑ Austria Press Agency APA, OTS broadcast OTS0244 / August 31, 2010 / 13:52. ORF Teletext from September 2, 2010.
  6. ↑ Results of the municipal council election 2020 in Laxenburg. Office of the Lower Austrian state government, January 26, 2020, accessed on February 9, 2020 .