Spinner on the Cross (Vienna)

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Wayside shrine spinner on the cross

The spinner on the cross is a Gothic stone column in Vienna - Favoriten .

Emergence

Since there is a similar column with the same name in Wiener Neustadt , which was built by the builder Michael Knab towards the end of the 14th century, he is also traditionally referred to as the author of this column - but this has not been proven. Only the new building in the 15th century can be documented. There is also a legend about the spinner on the cross , which connects the history of the stone pillar with the crusades . According to this legend, a woman is said to have waited for her husband spinning for years at this point where there was still a wooden cross .

history

Historical illustration from 1841 by Rudolf von Alt

The landmark on the Wienerberg was visible from afar in the past centuries. In the Middle Ages, coming from the south, you had the first view of the city of Vienna from this point. The Viennese city law of 1296 already mentions “ain stainern kreucz ob meurling ”, by which the predecessor of today's tabernacle pillar should be meant. A ducal foundation from 1379 is often mentioned, but it cannot be proven. In 1446 the building was destroyed by hordes of János Hunyadi .

In its current form, the column was rebuilt in 1452 by a master builder of St. Stephen's Cathedral , Hans Puchsbaum (together with Laurenz Spenning ). Badly damaged by the Turks in 1529 , it was renewed in 1598 by the Viennese court stone mason Paul Khölbl, heavily damaged again by troops from István Bocskai in 1606 , renovated in 1624, and in 1650 with an inscription according to Ferdinand III's decree . supplemented, damaged again by the Turks in 1683 and renovated again in 1709/10. For the first time the name Creutz-Spinnerin or Spinnerin-Creutz is recorded for the year 1709 . The Christian motifs of crucifixion , flagellation , crowning of thorns and ecce homo are figuratively represented .

location

The column marked the outermost limit of the Viennese city jurisdiction. In the immediate vicinity was the high court, where public executions by the gallows or the wheel took place until the 19th century . During the construction of the nearby George Washington Court in 1927, countless skeletons of hanged men were found. The last public execution was carried out at this point on May 30, 1868 of Georg Ratkay , who had been sentenced to death in an ordinary court case on May 20, 1868 and after he was announced the death sentence on May 28, 1868.

Building

Photo 1933

Today the 16 meter high column is surrounded by dense buildings and exposed to the busy Triester Straße . The sandstone made it possible to create complex figures, but is susceptible to atmospheric attacks in the long term. The acid rain and the acid atmosphere can dissolve the lime from the stone . This creates plaster of paris , which is visible on the stone as a black, disfiguring crust. These plaster-bound deposits of dust, sand, soot and tire particles are hard on their own, and underneath there is sometimes crumbling sandstone. The landmark has already been restored several times. Because of the severe weather damage, it was decided to replace the original figures with copies. The originals can be viewed today in the Favoriten District Museum .

Similar pillars

The Tutz column in Klosterneuburg , the so-called Hochkreuz in Friesdorf , the Hochkreuz in Frauenwüllersheim , the sermon column and the path column at Jakobstor , which is one of the monuments in Fürst-Anselm-Allee in, have a certain similarity to the spinner on the cross Regensburg is, as well as the Zderad column in Brno .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Felix Czeike : Historisches Lexikon Wien , Vol. 5, p. 268
  2. ^ The spinner on the cross in Sagen.at
  3. ↑ Dehio X – XIX and XXI – XXIII, Vienna 1996, p. 40
  4. ↑ http://www.wien.gv.at/rk/historisch/1948/november.html

literature

  • Friedrich Dahm, Manfred Koller: The Viennese spinner on the cross . Verlag Deuticke, 1991, ISBN 3700546270 .
  • Richard Kurt Donin : Master Michael Knab . In: the same: On the history of art in Austria . Rohrer Publishing House, 1951.
  • Ignaz Benda: 500 years spinner on the cross - an art and cultural history study . Verlag Volkshochschule Favoriten, 1953.
  • Werner Schubert: Favorites . Verlag Bezirksmuseum Favoriten, Vienna 1992.

Web links

Commons : Spinnerin am Kreuz (Vienna)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 10 ′ 16 ″  N , 16 ° 21 ′ 2 ″  E