Nussdorf (Vienna)

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Nussdorf (officially Nussdorf until 1999 ) was an independent municipality until the end of 1891 and is now a district of Vienna in the 19th district of Döbling and one of the 89 Viennese cadastral communities .

Nussdorf
coat of arms map
Coat of arms of Nussdorf Map Vienna-Nussdorf.png

geography

Buschenschank and variety of houses on Kahlenberger Strasse

Nussdorf lies on both sides of the Nussbach (Schreiberbach) at its confluence with the Danube Canal and on the south side of the Nussberg . The place extends in the south to Grinzinger Straße, in the north along Heiligenstädter Straße and on the Danube bank to the border of the Kahlenbergerdorf . The area of ​​the cadastral municipality is 226.84 ha . Your area belongs to the statistical census district Nussdorf-Kahlenbergerdorf. Originally the settlement (Alt) -Urfar on the banks of the Danube also existed in the area of ​​Nussdorf.

Origin of name

The documentary evidence clearly indicates a "village where nut trees grow": 1114 Nuzdof , 1324 Nuzdorf am Nuzperig, on the Nuzbach . The name of the place Nussdorf is derived from the numerous walnut trees and hazelnut bushes . Walnut avenues still existed in the village at the beginning of the 19th century.

history

middle Ages

Historians consider Greinergasse with the confluences of Hammerschmidtgasse, Sickenberggasse and Kahlenberger Straße to be the original town center, as it most closely resembles a medieval village structure. The residents were farmers who mainly produced for their own needs. The catch of crabs and fish in the westernmost arm of the Danube (today Heiligenstädter Strasse) also played a role. Wine was grown for sale .

From the 12th century onwards, the family of the Lords of Nussdorf named themselves after the name of the settlement. However, at the end of the 14th century this family died out. The viticulture was in Nussdorf the main industry, numerous monasteries and convents had early vineyards in this area, particularly the nearby Abbey of Klosterneuburg. Nussdorf also became prosperous through viticulture. The ferry rights , i.e. the right to transport goods and people across the Danube , were also beneficial for Nussdorf . The place Urfar was created on the banks of the Danube (derived from the Middle High German word ur-var for 'crossing', cf. Linz- Urfahr ), but it only consisted of a few huts. They served as accommodation for the ferrymen or travelers. Located on the banks of the Danube, the settlement was often flooded and, with the construction of the first large Danube bridge in 1439, completely lost its importance and eventually disappeared entirely.

Modern times

Nussdorf parish church

In the 15th century, the place already had a chapel that was dedicated to the Apostle Thomas . Like the surrounding villages, Nussdorf also suffered badly from the destruction by Hungarian troops in 1484, but Matthias Corvinus also had entrenchments built in Nussdorf . The Turkish sieges in 1529 and 1683 and the looting by the French in 1805 and 1809 also caused severe damage . The place has always found it very difficult to recover from this destruction, but numerous farm buildings have been built over the years. These, after all, fifteen free farms , lived small aristocrats facing the manorial system were free of duty. One of the oldest buildings, the Neudeckerhof , still exists today. The Sickenberg-Schlösschen , built at the beginning of the 18th century, was demolished in 1959/1960. With the Nussdorferstrasse parish Nussdorf in 1787 received its own parish church , it was financed by repealing some order -Grundherrschaften on the territory of the region by Joseph II. The viticulture made the Nussdorferstrasse wealthy. In 1820 more than half of the usable area was covered with vineyards . In addition, the Nussdorfer brewery was built in 1819 and the Kahlenbergbahn up to the Kahlenberg made Nussdorf a popular excursion destination for the Viennese in the 19th century. The population of Nussdorf also grew rapidly. In 1795 the place consisted of 109 houses with 865 inhabitants, in 1808 1,265 people lived in 120 houses. In 1832, 1,503 people lived in 152 houses; in 1890 there were already 5,191 inhabitants. Today's parish cemetery in Nussdorf was consecrated in 1867.

Nussdorf train station

In 1870 the Franz-Josefs-Bahn was opened on the right bank of the Danube. In the same year, the Vienna Nussdorf train station , which still exists today and was renovated in 1900, was put into operation (today S-Bahn line S 40 ). In 1885, a horse-drawn tram line through Heiligenstädter Strasse to Nussdorf was opened to connect with the Kahlenbergbahn (rack railway) operated from 1874 to 1919 from Nussdorf ; since 1903 it has been operated electrically (since 1907 line D). Nussdorf was approached by Danube shipping with its own landing stage (in the 2015 season you can get to the Wachau directly by ship ).

In 1892 Nussdorf was incorporated into Vienna together with the neighboring Viennese suburbs Sievering , Grinzing , Oberdöbling , Unterdöbling , Heiligenstadt and the Kahlenbergerdorf . In 1894, the construction of the Nussdorf weir and lock system began at the branch of the Danube Canal from the Danube.

Culture and sights

The Lehár-Schikaneder-Schlössl dates from the 18th century and was owned by Emanuel Schikaneder and Franz Lehár .

The Nussdorfer AC is a football club founded in 1907 in the district.

Economy and Infrastructure

Headquarters of Municipal Department 45 - Vienna Waters near the Nussdorf Weir; 20th district
Bachofen & Medinger brewery in Nussdorf (1860)

At the beginning of the 19th century, viticulture was important and dominant in Nussdorf. More than half of the usable area was covered with vineyards, another 20 percent by arable land and orchards.

For a long time, the second mainstay of the Nussdorf economy was the port of Nussdorf. It had been Vienna's most important Danube port since the 16th century, as the shipping channel behind it was very narrow. Goods were reloaded here from larger ships and rafts onto smaller ships or wagons and brought to Vienna. Since the traders stayed longer in Nussdorf, numerous restaurants and hostels were built , and a toll station was set up in 1675. Today's Nussdorfer Platz was the trading and transshipment point; grain, salt, animals and animal products, fruit, and pottery and wood goods were traded. Due to the Danube regulation from 1870–1875, the port soon lost its importance. The Kuchelau harbor , which was built upstream near the Kahlenbergerdorf , never came close to being important.

The Nussdorf weir and lock system (built between 1894 and 1899) and the Kaiserbadwehr were the only hydraulic engineering structures that were implemented for the realization of the planned port in the Danube Canal. Otto Wagner created the plans for the architectural design of the weir with the Schemerl Bridge. Below the weir, the Nussdorf power plant was built without any visible changes . Most of the weir and lock system is now located in the 20th district, as the district boundary 19/20 runs on the right bank of the Danube Canal.

At the end of the 18th century, the first large businesses settled in Nussdorf. In 1783 a tartar and wine vinegar factory was founded that used the products and waste of viticulture. The factory also produces rum and rubbing alcohol and exported the products to Russia and Bavaria . In 1800 the state also built a salmiak and salt product factory to process the urine of the restaurants. This factory was also able to export its products abroad, but had to close in 1840. Ignaz Hackhofer's whitewashing and black dyeing in Hackhofergasse 5. The Nussdorf brewery, founded in 1819 in Hackhofergasse 9 , also developed into one of the best-known companies in the district. Another company was the kuk Hof-Handschuhfabrik JE Zacharias .

In 1922, the slaughterhouse Nussdorf, built in 1886 and serving the meat supply of Vienna, was abandoned on Grinzinger Strasse and given to today's municipal department 48 - vehicle fleet and city cleaning, which still operates the location today.

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Nussdorf (Vienna)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Resolution of the Vienna City Council of December 17, 1999, PrZ 299-M07, P 49, source: wien.gv.at : In an amendment to the GRB of January 30, 1981, the principles of the Vienna Nomenclature Commission are used for the writing of traffic area designations and geographical names added to the effect that the new spelling is generally used. The changed spelling on street boards, orientation number boards and the like as well as in personal documents is only to be taken into account in the case of new installation or reissue.
  2. ↑ Middle High German Concise Dictionary by Matthias Lexer
  3. ↑ Website for the jetty

Coordinates: 48 ° 16 '  N , 16 ° 22'  E