Kahlenberg
| Kahlenberg | ||
|---|---|---|
_-_Kahlenberg.JPG) Kahlenberg with transmitter, church and new apartment hotel. In the foreground the Nussdorf vineyards |
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| height | 484 m above sea level A. | |
| location | Vienna , Austria | |
| Mountains | Vienna Woods | |
| Dominance | 1.6 km → Vogelsangberg | |
| Notch height | 40 m ↓ Sulzwiese | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 16 '34 " N , 16 ° 20' 0" E | |
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| rock | Flysch | |
| Age of the rock | Campanium | |
| Normal way | Hike | |
The Kahlenberg is a mountain (484 m) in the 19th district of Vienna ( Döbling ) on the border with Klosterneuburg and the most famous vantage point over Vienna. During the second Turkish siege in 1683, the city was liberated from here by the relief army , which the St. Joseph's Church reminds of.
On the summit plateau
_-_Stephaniewarte_(1).JPG)
The Kahlenberg belongs to the Vienna Woods and is a sight of Vienna as well as a traditional Sunday excursion destination for the Viennese, as from the Kahlenberg you have a view of the whole of Vienna and, with good visibility, to the Little Carpathians in Slovakia or to the Schneeberg in the Styrian-Lower Austrian Limestone Alps . Its summit towers over the Vienna Basin by around 320 m. From the Stefaniewarte , which is located on the highest point of the mountain, you can also see parts of Lower Austria. Next to the observation tower, which carried broadcast antennae from 1953 to 1956, there is a 165 m high, guyed tubular steel mast belonging to the ORF , which is used to broadcast TV and VHF programs as well as for radio relay purposes. This transmitter mast , erected in 1974, supports high-altitude operating rooms (which is atypical for such structures) and has shaped the appearance of the Kahlenberg ever since.
On the mountain plateau just below the summit is the small church of St. Josef , in front of which there are bus stations and a large parking lot. From there, after a few steps, you come to the viewing terrace on the sloping step towards Vienna. A restaurant was located here until around 2004, which the well-known architect Erich Boltenstern built in the 1930s. Parts of this former restaurant, the old terrace and the adjacent hotel ruin, which had been vacant for many years, were demolished and an apartment block was built in 2007. There was resistance to the demolition from the Federal Monuments Office and some architects who considered the substance of the Boltenstern restaurant building to be worth protecting.
There is also a (heavily modernized) restaurant and a new viewing terrace on the plateau. As a conclusion towards the Stefaniewarte, the Module University Vienna , a private university of the Vienna Chamber of Commerce, was established in partly old and partly new buildings , which started operations in the 2007/2008 winter semester.
Geography and geology
The Kahlenberg lies in a north-eastern foothill of the Eastern Alps and is geologically part of the flysch zone , which is composed of quartz and limestone , marl and other sediments . The slope to the Danube , only 1½ km away , has inclines of 45 to 60 percent in places.
East of the Kahlenberg lies the Leopoldsberg , behind which the Wiener Pforte lies, the breakthrough valley of the Danube. To the west are the Reisenberg , the Latisberg and the Hermannskogel . On the side facing away from Vienna, the site slopes down to Klosterneuburg , the former seat of government of the Babenbergs .
From the west and south, the Höhenstraße winds in two sections and many serpentines through the woods up to the Kahlenberg. It is the starting point for several city hiking trails and crosses deeply cut valleys such as the Wildgrube on the southern slope of the Kahlenberg. From there it leads down the flatter northern slope to Klosterneuburg , while a short cul-de-sac branches off to the neighboring Leopoldsberg.
At the last bend of the Höhenstraße coming from Grinzing , southwest of the summit, lies the Sulzwiese , where the hiking trail to the Vogelsangberg branches off. Here is a catholic spiritual recreation center, at the same time the event center of the Schoenstatt Movement Austria.
history
Naming
Today's Kahlenberg was uninhabited until the 17th century. Originally the Kahlenberg was called Sauberg or Schweinsberg . Its name resulted from the numerous wild boars that lived in the oak forests. Ferdinand II acquired the mountain from Klosterneuburg Abbey in 1628 and named it Josephsberg . After the chapel donated by Leopold I on the neighboring mountain, which was then called Kahlenberg, was built and was consecrated to St. Leopold in 1693, the latter was named Leopoldsberg . The Josephsberg, in turn, was given the name Kahlenberg.
The Kahlenberg in modern times
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After purchasing the mountain, Ferdinand II gave permission to build a hermitage for the Camaldolese order . A few houses were built around their chapel dedicated to St. Joseph, after which the village of Josefsdorf came into being. In the Battle of Kahlenberg , the Polish King Jan III began. Sobieski from Kahlenberg started the fight against the Turks besieging Vienna (see Second Siege of the Turks ). After Josef II closed the hermitage of the monastery on Kahlenberg, the Josefsdorf area was auctioned off.
After numerous owners, some of whom sold individual houses from the former Hermitage, Union-Baugesellschaft acquired the area in 1870 and built the Kahlenbergbahn (cog railway) and the Kahlenberg hotel restaurant in the area of the existing restaurant building. This building was rebuilt in 1934 by Erich Boltenstern. After the rack railway went bankrupt, the building was acquired by Kahlenberg AG (subsidiary of the City of Vienna). After numerous uses by various operators, it was to be demolished in 1980. In 1981 the former butcher Albert Buschek bought the site from the City of Vienna and breathed “new life” into the Kahlenberg. After his bankruptcy, the property was acquired by Augustin Foit . The former master locksmith tried to build a private clinic under the title “Vienna Medical Center” on the site of the former hotel. In 1998 the project then had to file for bankruptcy. In 2004, the property was sold from the bankruptcy estate of the building company to Leopold Wieninger , who is also the builder of the apartment house . The operator of the gastronomic establishments on the Kahlenberg (restaurant, wine tavern, event center and roof terrace) has been Martin Graninger since 1989 , who also ran the hotel for Augustin Foit until 1993 .
"The poet's home"
Franz Grillparzer , who in spite of some adversity in the Vormärz , such as the censorship at the time, did not leave and wrote the following much-cited epigram in the register of an unknown person about his homeland in May 1844 , which is preserved in a handwritten manuscript and was published posthumously :
- Have you seen the country from Kahlenberg all around,
- So you will understand what I wrote and what I am.
A second version from the same period reads:
- Only those who look around the country from Kahlenberg
- Will understand what I wrote and who I am.
In other sources the epigram is dated to 1839 and 1841. The tourism industry sometimes puts a perverse short version in the mouth of Grillparzer:
- Only those who have been to the Kahlenberg have seen Vienna!
traffic
The Höhenstraße (mostly cobblestones ) has been running over the Kahlenberg since 1935 and is a popular excursion route in every season. In public transport, the Kahlenberg can be reached with the bus line 38A of Wiener Linien from the Heiligenstadt underground station on the U4 line and from Grinzing (tram line 38).
- Rack railway
The Kahlenbergbahn , the first Austrian steam cogwheel train , also ran up the mountain until 1921 . It was built for the Vienna World Exhibition in 1873 , but only opened in 1874. The railway overcame a height of 316 m over a length of 5.5 km. Their starting station was in Nussdorf (Zahnradbahnstraße, today's terminus of tram line D) and led via the Grinzing and Krapfenwaldl stations to the Kahlenberghotel, which opened in 1872. The railway was discontinued on September 21, 1920.
- Gondola
In August 2012, the Vienna Chamber of Commerce presented the idea of building a six-kilometer-long cable car from the Neue Donau underground station to the Kahlenberg. Implementation of the project was very unlikely in spring 2018.
panoramic view
literature
- Martin Fuchs: Mountain railways in the Vienna Woods. Rack railway, cable railway, Knöpferlbahn , Fuchs, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-9501257-3-6 , p. 3f.
- Martin Fuchs: What is steaming up on the Kahlenberg? The history of the Wiener Bergbahnen , Fuchs, Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-9501257-6-0 .
- Christian F. Winkler, Alfred Hegl: From Leopoldsberg to Hermannskogel - History of the Kahlengebirge. Sutton, Erfurt 2007, ISBN 978-3-86680-097-7 .
Web links
- Entry on Kahlenberg in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- Kahlenberg in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
Individual evidence
- ^ Austrian National Library - Theater Collection, Rüdiger Schiferer, Karl Gladt, Josef Mayerhöfer: Franz Grillparzer: On the 100th anniversary of death. Exhibition in the State Hall of the Austrian National Library [from June 2 to October 14, 1972], catalog; Volume 68 by Karl Gladt (Ed.): Franz Grillparzer: On the 100th anniversary of death , Österr. National Library, 1972, p. 10
- ^ A b Kurt Vancsa (1957): "Did you have the land from Kahlenberg ..." In: Association for regional studies of Lower Austria and Vienna (ed.): Yearbook for regional studies of Lower Austria. Issue 32, 1957, p. 290 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ↑ Annalisa Viviani: Grillparzer Commentary: Zu den Dichtungen , Winkler, 1972, p. 192
- ↑ WStb HIN 81.958 (Vienna City and State Library)
- ↑ Max Koch: Franz Grillparzer: Eine Characteristik , series: Writings of the Free German Hochstiftes , 1891, p. 6
- ↑ Martin Neubauer: Page no longer available , search in web archives: Restauration und Vormärz II: Grillparzer's poetry , lecture on literary history 1500–1848, October 13, 2008
- ↑ The Kahlenberg is culinary opened up again! ( Memento of March 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), servus-in-wien.at
- ↑ See also Anastasius Grün : Pfaff von Kahlenberg. A rural poem , Leipzig, 1850.
- ↑ Heinrich Geuder: The most beautiful viewpoints of Austria Linde , Vienna; Edition: 1 (2003), ISBN 3-7142-0003-7 .
- ↑ Press release Vienna Chamber of Commerce 23 August 2013: "New impulses for Kahlenberg through cable car project" ( Memento from February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Little chance for a cable car project over the Danube Island on Kahlenberg. In: DFZ - The Floridsdorfer Zeitung. April 26, 2018, accessed December 18, 2018 (German).