Camaldolese
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The Camaldolese ( order abbreviation OSBCam ) are a hermit living order in the Catholic Church , which goes back to the holy Romuald of Camaldoli .
History and Development
At the beginning of the 11th century, St. Romuald of Camaldoli , a Benedictine, a community whose rule was supposed to combine the monastic way of life with the traditions of the hermit. The Camaldolese order emerged from several independent monasteries and hermitages. The motherhouse and hermitage founded by Romuald are located in Camaldoli in Italy in the province of Arezzo , Tuscany .
In 1510, Paolo Giustiniani (1476–1528) reformed the Camaldolese rule. In his reform, Father Paolo did not reinforce the ascetic elements, but proceeded according to the motto: “Life alone with God and for God alone.” In his theology he established that the mystery of Christ and the reality of sacramental life permeate everything Form the center of Christian religious life.
The Camaldolese joined the Benedictine Confederation in 1966 as the Congregatio Camaldulensis Ordinis Sancti Benedicti . 107 monks live in the ten monasteries (in Italy, Brazil, the United States and India) (as of: Catalogus OSB 2005). In Germany , there has been a small branch in the Sankt Romuald monastery on the Röderhof near Hildesheim since March 2019 , which has joined the congregation as a house that is dependent on the Camaldoli mother monastery. It is the first Camaldolese settlement in Germany.
Furthermore, with the Camaldolese hermits of Monte Corona ( lat. Congregatio Eremitarum Camaldulensium Montis Coronae , abbreviation ECMC), a new branch of the Camaldolese order emerged. Today 80 monks belong to it, 25 of them live in two Polish monasteries. These Camaldolese not only founded monasteries, but also helped found some cities in Poland and contributed to the exemption of peasants from paying taxes. A famous former Camaldolese monastery in Lithuania is Pažaislis Monastery , which is now inhabited by religious sisters . Alessandro Barban is the Prior General of the Order . One of his predecessors was Cardinal Ambrogio Bianchi .
Way of life and spirituality
The Camaldolese live according to both the Benedictine Rule and the statutes of the Order of St. Romuald. They wear a white habit , to which a cowl heard, and live in individual cells cottages with small gardens, which are surrounded by a cloistered walls.
The prayer , to which the hourly prayer belongs, which is performed partly together in the church, partly alone in the cell, the work and the spiritual reading fill the day of a Camaldolese man. The whole life of the Camaldolese focuses on connecting with God in prayer and contemplation:
- The day starts at 3:30 a.m. with the mother .
- At 6 o'clock the angel of the Lord and the lauds are prayed. Then Holy Mass is celebrated without singing and without musical instruments.
- After the Mass, the monks pray to breakfast around 7:30 am in the cell, the third and the Rosary .
- Then the work begins and at 11:45 am the Sext , this is followed by the Angelus.
- Lunch is taken at 12 noon.
- The monks have free time until 2 p.m. Then the afternoon begins with the Non .
- Work continues until 5 p.m., followed by dinner.
- At 5:30 p.m. it is time for the spiritual reading,
- Vespers and a litany follow at 6:30 p.m.
- The day ends with Compline at 7:15 p.m.
- The night's rest begins at 9 p.m.
Important Camaldolese
- One of the most important Camaldolese who contributed to the prosperity and development of the Camaldolese order was Petrus Damiani . In 1828 Pope Leo XII raised him . to the doctor of the church .
- Another important member of the order was Ambrogio Traversari , who, as a papal legate, had a decisive influence on the Council of Basel in the 15th century .
- Father Ambrosius (Andreas Dubuisson 1705–1775), who died as a general of the Camaldolese in 1775, worked as a painter in the workshop of his brother-in-law Pesne in Berlin before joining the order .
- The Camaldolese Fra Mauro (Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari) was born in 1831 as Gregory XVI. Pope.
- René de Froulay de Tessé , formerly Marshal of France
literature
- Cécile Caby, Samuele Megli (ed.): Congregazione camaldolese dell'Ordine di San Benedetto. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 2014, ISBN 978-88-210-0927-3 .
- Richard Urban Butler, Leslie Toke: Camaldolese . In: Catholic Encyclopedia , Volume 3, Robert Appleton Company, New York 1908.
- Lino Vigilucci: Camaldoli. Itinerario di storia e di spiritualita . Edizioni Camaldoli, Camaldoli 1988.
Web links
- Entry to Camaldolese on medals online
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Explained for children: What do religious men wear? Retrieved October 19, 2018 .
- ↑ St. Romuald Monastery. Retrieved August 27, 2019 .
- ↑ Fascinated by the mystery of the cross: St. Petrus Damiani . ( kath.net [accessed October 19, 2018]).