Completely

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To Compline ( Eisbergen Monastery )

The Komplet ( latin Completorium , closing prayer ' ) is the night prayer in Stundengebet the Christian. In the Byzantine rite it is called Greek Ἀπόδειπνον Apódeipnon (literally “after eating”).

Origin and imprint

The liturgical tradition of both the Catholic and the Anglican and Lutheran breviaries goes back to the Benedictine Rule , which was influenced by the Magister Rule, an anonymous monastic rule from the 6th century. At this time, Compline was added to the traditional evening prayer, Vespers , as a night prayer , since after Vespers had dinner in the monasteries and necessary work was done. Compline was given by the monks in the dormitory just before they went to sleep. It comprised the traditional three Psalms 4 , 91 and 134 daily . The responsory breve “In manus tuas, domine” ( Ps 31.6  EU ) and the oration “Visita, quaesumus” also go back to medieval tradition. The canticum Nunc dimittis ( Lk 2.29–32  EU ) was originally sung in Vespers and was later transferred to Compline.

The traditional texts of Compline are characterized by trust and confidence in God and the parallels between sleep and death: “Those who pray can be sure that they are protected if they give up their consciousness in their sleep and lose control and security over their way of life. [...] Against the background of the death and resurrection of Jesus , every falling asleep becomes a foresight of one's own death in the hand of God, which is contrasted with the resurrection in the presence of God the next morning (and symbolized in it after the resurrection from death) as a reflection. “Towards the end of the first millennium, the custom emerged of closing Compline with a Marian chant .

The monastic tradition was included in Martin Luther's evening blessing (in the Small Catechism 1529 ), which thus popularized Compline for use in the evangelical family and achieved a broad impact.

Completed since the Breviary Reform in 1911

Since the reform of Pope Pius X in 1911, the texts in the Roman breviary have changed in a weekly cycle. Today, in 1975 published book of hours led to the Psalms in the Horen a four-week cycle ( Vierwochenpsalter one), but for Compline the one-week cycle was maintained, albeit with a different Psalm selection. Psalms 4, 91 and 134 were prayed on Sunday from 1911 to 1975, now the Book of Hours provides for Psalms 4 and 134 after the first Sunday Vespers and Psalm 91 after the second Sunday Vespers , and different psalms for the other days of the week. But you can also replace this changing order with the daily prayer of the Sunday Psalms, especially if you want to pray Compline by heart.

In the prayer of the hours of the monastic orders (e.g. Benedictines , Cistercians , Trappists ) the older form of Compline is prayed to this day. In this order, the superior blesses the members of the convent with holy water after Compline . Thereafter, nocturnal silence applies until morning.

The Church recommends to all believers who are not obliged to pray the full hours above all the prayer of Lauds and Vespers as the “cornerstones” of the liturgical day. Many people, however, have particularly good access to Compline - precisely because of its trusting character as the Church's night prayer.

Compline and liturgical movement

Between the two world wars, the liturgical movement and the youth movement rediscovered Compline in the Catholic area . Great importance had it the booklet German Compline to sing for the community , in 1933 the oratory was published in Leipzig and was up launched in the 1950s again several times, as well as of Pius Parsch established The Church Night Prayer (Compline) for voice appeared, from 1929 in the Volksliturgical Apostolat Klosterneuburg .

When church youth work was severely restricted during the time of National Socialism in 1937, many young people gathered regularly for Compline and prayed for trust and confidence.

construction

This is usually preceded by a confession of guilt . The Hore consists of a hymn , psalms , a short reading, the Respond , the New Testament singing Nunc dimittis (Lobgesang of Simeon; Lk 2.29 to 32  EU ) with the Antiphon , a prayer and the blessing for the night.

Usually in the Roman Catholic Church after Compline the Marian antiphon corresponding to the time in the church year is sung.

procedure

Catholic (Book of Hours, 1975) Catholic (before 1911, individual orders) Lutheran ( Agende II /
Evangelical hymn book )
Opening and confession of guilt
Opening verse ( Ps 70.2  EU )
Gloria Patri , Alleluia
Request for a blessing,
blessing ("A quiet night ...") 		Invitation to prayer,
blessing ("A quiet night ...")
Reading ( 1 Petr 5,8-9  EU ) Reading (1 Petr 5: 8-9)
Versicle ( Ps 124.8  EU ) Versicle (Ps 124,8)
Our Father
Confiteor and pardon Confiteor and pardon Confiteor and pardon
above if necessary mutual
confession and intercession: (Liturg-> Gem./Gem. -> Lit)
Versicle Ps 85.4  EU Versicle Ps 85: 4
Opening verse (Ps 70, 2) Ingressus

Gloria Patri, Alleluia 		The above consists of a vicious opening call,
Gloria Patri, Hallelujah
Psalm prayer Psalm prayer
Psalms 4/91/134 Psalms 4/91/134
(reduction possible)
Hymn
changing daily 		Hymn
Te lucis ante terminum 		Hymn
Te lucis ante terminum (translated)
or another song
Psalm prayer
Saturday: Psalms 4 and 134
Sunday: Psalm 91
Monday: Psalm 86
Tuesday: Psalm 143
Wednesday: Psalms 31: 2-6 and 130
Thursday: Psalm 16
Friday: Psalm 88
Reading ( chapter , changing) Reading ( Capitulum , Jer 14,9 b  EU ) Reading (Jer 14,9)
Responsory
(according to Ps 31.6  EU ) 		Responsory
(after Psalm 31: 6) 		Responsory
(after Psalm 31: 6)
Versicle ( Ps 17.8  EU ) Versicle (Ps 17: 8)
Nunc dimittis (hymn of praise of Simeon)
with antiphon Be our salvation, O Lord, when we watch 		Nunc dimittis
with antiphon Salva nos, Domine, vigilantes ... 		Nunc dimittis
Closing prayer
Kyrie
Our Father
Prayer (sunday) Alternation prayer (Preces)
(not on the ground floor)
Oration
(changing) 		Night prayer
(fixed) 		Night prayer
(fixed)
graduation
Exchange greeting Exchange greeting
Benedicamus Benedicamus
Blessing
("A quiet night ...") 		Blessing
( trinitarian formula ) 		Blessing
(trinitarian formula)
possibly Marian antiphon possibly Marian antiphon

Text example: Compline from the Roman Book of Hours after the second Vespers on Sunday and on high feasts

Signs in the psalm verses:

* The first and second psalm verse sections are divided by the asterisk , the asterisk. At this point the praying person should pause briefly. When singing the Psalms, the asterisk is preceded by the mediatio (middle cadence).

+ In longer psalm verses, a cross or a slash indicates the first division, the so-called flexa (flexion). With the Flexa there is no metric break, only breathing, while singing the Flexa tone is changed.

P = priest, A = all, V = cantor, Ch = choral schola

Opening and prayer of penance

P: Deus, in adiutorium meum intende,
A: Domine, ad adiuvandum me festina.
Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui Sancto,
Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper
et in saecula saeculorum. Amen. (Alleluia.)

P: O God, come to my aid,
A: Lord, hurry to help me.
Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit,
as in the beginning, so now and all time,
and forever. Amen. (Alleluia.)

There is no alleluia during Lent . An examination of conscience follows in silence.

A: Confiteor Deo omnipotenti
et vos fratres, quia pecavi nimis
cogitatione, verbo, opere et omissione:
mea culpa, mea culpa, mea maxima culpa
Ideo precor beatam Mariam semper virginem,
omnes Angelos et Sanctos et vos fratres,
orare pro me ad Dominum Deum nostrum
P: Misereatur nostri omnipotens Deus,
et demissis pecatis nostris,
perducat nos ad vitam aeternam. Amen.

A: I confess to God Almighty
and to all brothers and sisters that I have neglected good and done bad,
I have sinned in thoughts, words and works,
through my fault, my fault, my great fault.
That is why I ask the Blessed Virgin Mary,
all the angels and saints, and you, brothers and sisters,
to pray for me, by God our Lord.
P: Almighty God have mercy on us,
He leave us behind our sins,
and lead us to eternal life. Amen.

Hymn

1. Te lucis ante terminum ,
rerum creator poscimus,
ut solita clementia
sis praesul ad custodiam

2. Te corda nostra somnient,
te per soporem sentiant,
tuamque semper gloriam
vicina luce concinant.

3. Vitam salubrem tribue,
nostrum calorem refice,
taetram noctis caliginem
tua colustret claritas.

4. Praesta, Pater omnipotens,
per Iesum Christum Dominum,
qui tecum in perpetuum
regnat cum Sancto Spiritu. Amen.

1. Before the light of day passes,
O Lord of the world, hear this prayer:
Guard us this night
through Your great goodness and power.

2. Sleep envelops the tired limbs,
let us be secure in you
and get ready in
the morning to praise your glory

 
 
 
 

4. Thank you, O Father, rich in power,
who watches over us with goodness,
and with the Son and salvation The Spirit
of Life promises us abundance. Amen.

Psalms
On Sundays and feasts after the first Vespers , Psalms 4 and 134 are sung, after the second Vespers, Psalm 91.
Antiphon:

V / A: Alis suis obumbrabit tibi;
non timeris a timore nocturno

V / A: He shields you with His wings;
you need not fear the horrors of the night.

During Easter instead: Alleluia, Alleluia, Alleluia.
Psalm 91: Refuge with God

V: Qui habitat in protectione Altissimi *
Ch: sub umbra Omnipotentis commorabitur.
A: Dicet Domino + "Refugium meum et fortitudo mea, *
Deus meus, sperabo in eum."
Ch: Quoniam ipse liberabit te de laqueo venantium *
et a verbo maligno
A: Alis suis obumbrabit tibi, *
et sub pennas eius confugies.
Ch: Scutum et lorica veritas eius; *
non timeris a timore nocturno,
A: a sagitta volante in die, + a peste perambulante in tenebris *
from exterminio vastante in meridie.
Ch: Cadent a latere tuo mille + et decem milia a dextris tuis; *
ad te autem non appropinquabit.
A: Quodsi oculis tuis consideraveris, *
retributionem peccatorum videbis.
Ch: Quoniam tu es Domine, refugium meum, *
Altissimum posuisti habitaculum tuum.
A: Non accedet at te malum, *
et flagellum non appropinquabit tabernaculo tuo.
Ch: Quoniam angelis suis mandavit de te, *
ut custodiant te in omnibus viis tuis.
A: In manibus portabunt te, *
ne forte offendas ad lapidem pedem tuum.
Ch: Super aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis, *
et conculcabis leonem et draconem.
A: Quoniam mihi adhaesit, liberabo eum; *
suscipiam eum, quoniam cognovit nomen meum.
Ch: Clamabit ad me et ego exaudiam eum; + cum ipso sum in tribulatione, *
eripiam eum et glorificabo eum.
A: Longitudine dierum replebo eum, *
et ostendam illi salutare meum.
Ch: Gloria Patri et Filio *
et Spiritui Sancto.
A: Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper *
et in saecula saeculorum. Amen.

V: Who lives in the protection of the Most High *
Ch: and rests in the shadow of the Almighty,
A: he says to the Lord: + 'You are a refuge and castle for me,
my God, whom I trust!'
Ch: He saves you from the hunter's snare *
and from all destruction.
A: He shields you with his wings, *
you can find refuge under his wings.
Ch: His loyalty is your shield and protection; *
you do not need to be afraid of the horror of the night
A: nor of the arrow that flies by during the day + not of the plague that creeps in the dark, *
of the plague that rages at noon.
Ch: If a thousand fall on your side + ten times a thousand on your right, *
it won't hit you.
A: Yes, you will see it with your eyes, *
you will see how the wrongdoers are repaid.
Ch: Because the Lord is your refuge, *
you have chosen the Most High as your protection.
A: You will meet
no calamity , * no calamity approaches your tent.
Ch: For he commands his angels *
to guard you in all your ways.
A: They carry you on their hands *
so that your foot doesn't hit a stone.
Ch: You
step over lions and vipers, * step on lions and dragons.
A: "Because he is attached to me, I want to save him, *
I want to protect him, because he knows my name."
Ch: If he calls me, then I want to answer him. + I am with him in need, *
free him and bring him to honor.
A: I satiate him with long life, *
and let him see my salvation.
Ch: Glory to the Father and the Son *
and the Holy Spirit.
A: As in the beginning, so now and all time, *
and in eternity. Amen.

Repetition of the antiphon:

A: Alis suis obumbrabit tibi;
non timeris a timore nocturno.

A: He shields you with his wings;
you need not fear the horrors of the night.

During Easter instead: Alleluia, Alleluia, Alleluia.

Reading (chapter)

A written text ( e.g. Dtn 6,4–7  EU or Rev 22,4–5  EU )

Responsory

Ch / A: In manus tuas, Domine, commendo spiritum meum.
Ch: Redemisti nos, Domine, Deus veritatis.
A: Commendo spiritum meum.
Ch: Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui Sancto.
A: In manus tuas, Domine, commendo spiritum meum.

Ch / A: Lord, I trust in you, I lay my life in your hands.
Ch: Let your face shine over your servant, help me in your kindness.
A: I put my life in your hands.
Ch: Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.
A: Lord, I trust in you, I put my life in your hands.

Song of praise of Simeon (Lk 2,29-32)
Antiphon:

Ch / A: Salva nos, Domine vigilantes,
custodi nos dormientes:
ut vigilemus cum Christo
et requiescamus in pace.
V: Nunc dimittis servum tuum, Domine *
Ch: secundum verbum tuum in pace:
A: Quia viderunt oculi mei *
salutare tuum.
Ch: Quod parasti *
ante faciem omnium populorum,
A: Lumen et revelationem gentium *
et gloriam plebis tuae Israel.
Ch: Gloria Patri et Filio *
et Spiritui Sancto.
A: Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper *
et in saecula saeculorum. Amen.
A: Salva nos, Domine vigilantes,
custodi nos dormientes:
ut vigilemus cum Christo
et requiescamus in pace.

Ch / A: Be our salvation, O Lord, when we watch
and our protection when we sleep;
so that we may watch with Christ
and rest in his peace.
V: Now you, lord, let your servant, *
Ch: as you said, part in peace:
A: For my eyes have seen the salvation *
Ch: which you prepared before all peoples.
A: A light that illuminates the Gentiles, *
and glory for your people Israel.
Ch: Glory to the Father and the Son *
and the Holy Spirit.
A: As in the beginning, so now and all time *
and in eternity. Amen.
A: Be our salvation, O Lord, when we watch
and our protection when we sleep:
so that we may watch with Christ
and rest in his peace.

During Easter: Alleluia / Halleluja.
Oration
On Sundays:

P: Oremus. Vox nostra te, Domine,
humiliter deprecetur, ut, dominicae resurectionis
hac die mysterio celebrato, in pace tua securi
a malis omnibus quiescamus, et in tua resurgamus
laude gaudentes. Per Christum Dominum Nostrum.
A: Amen.

P: Let's pray. Almighty God,
we celebrated the mystery of our Lord's resurrection today.
In the evening we call to you: Protect us from all evil this night,
let us rest in peace and tomorrow begin the new day with your praise
. We ask this through Christ our Lord.
A: Amen.

blessing

P: Noctem quietam et finem perfectum
concedat nobis Dominus omnipotens.
A: Amen.

P:
May the almighty Lord grant us a quiet night and a happy ending .
A: Amen.

Marian antiphon

The Marian antiphon usually follows Compline and offers the last greeting of the day to the Blessed Mother . When praying in community, the antiphon can also be sung at the end of Vespers , if this is the last hour of the Divine Office prayed in community .

literature

  • Liborius Olaf Lumma : Liturgy in the rhythm of the day. A brief introduction to the history and practice of the Liturgy of the Hours. Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-7917-2396-9 .
  • Liborius Olaf Lumma: The Compline. An interpretation of the Roman Catholic night prayer. Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-7917-2878-0 .
  • Nikolaus Nonn, Matthias E. Gahr: I sing your praises seven times a day. An introduction to the monks' divine office. Vier-Türme-Verlag, Münsterschwarzach 2012, ISBN 978-3-89680-814-1 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Compline  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: Completorium  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Liborius Olaf Lumma: Liturgy in the rhythm of the day. A brief introduction to the history and practice of the Liturgy of the Hours. Regensburg 2011, p. 47f.
  2. ↑ Liborius Olaf Lumma: Liturgy in the rhythm of the day. A brief introduction to the history and practice of the Liturgy of the Hours. Regensburg 2011, p. 96.
  3. ↑ General Introduction to the Liturgy of the Hours AES, No. 88
  4. ↑ z. B. 1933: Verlag Jakob Hegner, Leipzig; 1935: Oratorio self-published, Leipzig (31st – 50th thousand); 1947/1951/1954: Kösel Verlag, Munich; 1953: Benno Verlag, Leipzig.
  5. ↑ Series: Folk Liturgical Devotions and Texts Volume 37; 4th edition, 1932.
  6. ↑ Theodor Schnitzler: What the Liturgy of the Hours means. Help for a new spiritual beginning . Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 1980, p. 187.
  7. ↑ When the Masoretes dotted and commented on the Hebrew Bible text, there was also a revision in the division and numbering of the Psalms . This results in a different division for the now valid Hebrew Bible between Psalms 9 and 146 than in the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate . Since Luther and the other reformers had the basic Hebrew text as a template for translation, the numbering between Protestant and Catholic Bibles differed into the 20th century. The quotation of the biblical passages in the table follows the chapter division that is used in today's German Bible translations. The psalms and psalm verses cited here (exception: Psalm 4) can be found in the Vulgate with a psalm before the specified passage.
  8. ↑ Heinz-Walter Schmitz : Psalms accompaniment - an introduction . Passau 2006