Responsory
In the Western ( Roman Catholic , Anglican , Lutheran ) liturgy, responsory (from Latin responsum , answer '; German answer song ) is understood as the alternating song between a cantor (the cantor or the schola ) and the community . The individual prayer sings the entire responsory.
Way of singing and liturgical place
The cantor or the schola sing the text of the refrain and one or more other verses; the congregation responds with the whole refrain or part of it, the responsum . The text of the responsum is either taken from the psalm itself or expresses a leitmotif of the liturgical context; The Hallelujah is also sung as a response at certain times. A text sung responsorial in this way ( psalmus responsorius ) is the original form of the parish answer to the readings in the Liturgy of the Hours and in Holy Mass and has been documented since the 4th century. The responsorial chants of a holy mass include the gradual and the call to the gospel .
In the course of the history of the liturgy, the responsory has been shortened and changed so that it can hardly be recognized from the original psalm. In the call to the Gospel, there is only one verse left over besides the Hallelujah . In the Liturgy of the Hours , too, it has shrunk to the responsorium breve or versicle , in the Holy Mass it was restored as the answer psalm in the course of the liturgical reform after the Second Vatican Council . The long form, the responsorium prolixum with melismatic elements, can be found in the current book of hours at the night office .
A related but different kind of antiphonal singing is antiphonal .
Musical reception
The responsories of the Karmetten ( Matutin ) of the cartage Maundy Thursday , Good Friday and Holy Saturday , those of important composers such as Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina , Orlando di Lasso , Tomás Luis de Victoria , Carlo Gesualdo , Alessandro Scarlatti , Jan Dismas Zelenka and Michael are of particular musical historical importance Haydn were set to music.
The German composer Max Reger composed for the Lutheran Church in the USA a collection of 20 responsories, first published in 1914, for various occasions, including funerals and various festivals during the church year .
Notation
The psalm verse ( verse ) is marked in the liturgical books with ℣ ( U +2123 ), the answer (the responsum ) with the symbol ℟ ( U + 211F ).
Example : Responsory of the Laudes in Advent :
| Notation | Praying / singing way |
| ℟ The Lord shines on you, Jerusalem, * he rises on you like the sun. - ℟ | V. The Lord shines on you, Jerusalem; he rises on you like the sun.
A. The Lord shines on you, Jerusalem, he rises on you like the sun. |
| ℣ And his glory appears on you. * He rises above you like the sun. | V. And his glory appears on you. A. It rises above you like the sun. |
| Glory be to the father. - ℟ | V. Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. A. The Lord shines on you, Jerusalem, he rises on you like the sun. |
Examples of responsories
Latin
V: Vínea méa elécta, égo te plantávi:
Quómodo convérsa es in amaritúdinem, ut me crucifígeres,
et Barrábam dimítteres?
A: Vínea méa elécta, égo te plantávi:
Quómodo convérsa es in amaritúdinem, ut me crucifígeres,
et Barrábam dimítteres?
V: Sepívi te, et lápides elégi ex te,
et aedificávi túrrim.
A: Quómodo convérsa es in amaritúdinem, ut me crucifígeres,
et Barrábam dimítteres?
V / A: Vínea méa elécta, égo te plantávi:
Quómodo convérsa es in amaritúdinem, ut me crucifígeres,
et Barrábam dimítteres?
German
V: My chosen vineyard, I planted you.
How did you
pervert your bitterness that you crucified me and released the barrabas?
A: My chosen vineyard, I planted you.
How did you
pervert your bitterness that you crucified me and released the barrabas?
V: Fenced in, I collected you and the stones for the tower from you.
A: How did you
pervert yourself in bitterness that you crucified me and released the barrabas.
V / A: My chosen vineyard, I planted you.
How did you
pervert yourself in bitterness that you crucified me and released me to the barrabas.
Latin
V: In mánus túas Dómine comméndo spíritum méum.
A: In mánus túas Dómine comméndo spíritum méum.
V: Rédemisti nos Dómine, Déus veritátis.
A: Comméndo spíritum méum.
V: Glória Pátri, et Fílio, et Spíritui Sáncto.
A: In mánus túas Dómine comméndo spíritum méum.
German
V: Lord, I trust in you, I put my life in your hands.
A: Lord, I trust in you, I put my life in your hands.
V: Let your face shine on your servant, help me in your kindness.
A: I put my life in your hands.
V: Glory be to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.
A: Lord, I trust in you, I put my life in your hands.
Individual evidence
- ^ Markus Eham: Responsory . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 8 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1999, Sp. 1124 f .
- ↑ 3rd responsory after the 3rd reading in the 1st nocturnal .
- ↑ Transmission: Praise to God, No. 665.1.