Unterdöbling

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Unterdöbling was an independent municipality until 1892 and is now a district of Vienna in the 19th district of Döbling as well as one of the 89 Viennese cadastral communities .

Unterdöbling
coat of arms map
Coat of arms of Unterdöbling Map Vienna-Unterdoebling.png

geography

The still little built-up Crimea in 1910

The 72.38 ha large cadastral Unterdöbling is located in the 19th district Döbling, north of Oberdöbling , where the restriction is in essence by the day as Bach channel run Krottenbach is drawn. The medieval town center lies in the depression of the Krottenbach along today's Rudolfinergasse or Nusswaldgasse (formerly Herrengasse). Younger settlements, however, are located on the plateau, which rises to the west and north as the foothills of the Kahlenberg. The border Unterdöbling runs in the south along Oberdöbling, in the west it borders on Unter Sievering and in the north on Grinzing and parts of Heiligenstadt . The eastern border is formed by the road that leads from Oberdöbling over the Hohe Warte to Heiligenstadt.

history

Origin of name

Heuriger in Rudolfinergasse

Döbling was first mentioned in 1114 as de Teopilic . Its name is derived from the Slavic, where toplica means "swampy water" and refers to the location on the Krottenbach. Another possible interpretation is derived from the Old Slavic toplica , "warm brook". Later spellings of the place name were, for example, Toblich, Töbling and Tepling. Originally, however, Unterdöbling was called Chrottendorf due to its location on the Krottenbach , the later name only appeared in the 15th century.

Unterdöbling until the 16th century

The inhabitants of Unterdöbling in the Middle Ages were farmers who mainly produced for their own needs. Wine and grain were grown for sale. In addition, fruit, vegetables and dairy products were produced. From the 12th century Döbling was under the aristocratic family of the Topolic , after which it came to the Dominican convent Tulln and is named in 1310 as the village of the women of Tulln. After that, independent villages emerged from the settlement, which were separated by the Krottenbach. Unterdöbling initially had the name Chrottendorf, the name Unterdöbling is said to have come up only in the 15th century. The separation of the two places is first mentioned in a document in 1591.

Unterdöbling after the 16th century

View into Nusswaldgasse

A distinction was made between Ober- and Unterdöbling from 1591. The village has its own seal from 1688. It shows St. Jacob with the inscription Sigil der gemain Under Thöbling 1688 . The development of Unterdöbling lagged behind that of Oberdöbling, also due to the smaller area. Early 18th century Unterdöbling was still about one-third larger than Oberdöbling, but here the raging plague in 1713 far stronger. More than half of the houses were contaminated and 52 people died. Nevertheless, the place was less affected than the neighboring Sievering . In 1783 there were 300 people living in Unterdöbling, and around 1800 Unterdöbling still consisted of a single street. In 1828 around 500 people lived in 53 houses. As a result, however, the number of inhabitants of Unterdöbling even declined. In 1835 only 400 people lived in Döbling Unterdöbling. After that, growth increased similarly to Oberdöbling. In 1853, 941 people lived in Unterdöbling, and in 1890 there were 2,074 people in 170 houses. In 1892, Unterdöbling together with Oberdöbling and the suburbs of Grinzing , Kahlenbergerdorf , Nussdorf , Heiligenstadt , Sievering and Josefsdorf formed the 19th district of Vienna (= Döbling).

In the post-war period of the 1950s, the Crimea , part of Unterdöbling, experienced an upswing. The once disreputable slum was expanded into a high-quality residential area with its own parish .

From 1898 the place with the Unter-Döbling stop on the suburb line was also a station of the Vienna light rail . It was closed in 1932, today the trains of the Vienna S-Bahn run through there without stopping.

economy

Zacherlfabrik

The proportion of viticulture was still very high in 1826, almost half of the floor area was covered with vines. In addition, there was arable land which made up about a quarter and meadow areas which made up almost a fifth of the total area. The insect powder factory Zacherl in Nusswaldgasse developed into Unterdöbling's most important industrial enterprise. Johann Zacherl had been exporting pyrethrum insect powder from Tbilisi since 1842 , and in 1870 he started production in Unterdöbling. His own shops sold his Zacherlin all over the world. The new construction of the factory building by Karl Mayreder in the form of a mosque gave Unterdöbling the most unusual factory building in Vienna. Zacherl's heirs ultimately struggled with the boom in the chemical industry after the First World War , and in 1933 ski bindings were also made . The Zacherlfabrik was finally closed in the 1950s .

Attractions

Double tower facade of the Carmelite Church

Unterdöbling has a mosque-like, former insect powder factory of Johann Zacherl, the Zacherlfabrik, which is built in an oriental style. Another central building in Unterdöbling is the Döbling Carmelite monastery in Silbergasse with the associated Church of the Holy Family. There are also some former wine grower's houses in Unterdöbling. The former local cemetery with the graves of Johann Strauss (father) and Joseph Lanner was also in Unterdöbling, but was closed in 1927. While her bones were being reburied in the Vienna Central Cemetery, the two gravestones were included in the Strauss-Lanner Park designed on the site.

Personalities

literature

  • Christine Klusacek, Kurt Stimmer: Döbling. From the belt to the vineyards. Compress-Verlag, Vienna 1988, ISBN 3-900607-06-0 .
  • Karl Kothbauer: Döbling - and its reed and field names. Vienna 2001 (Vienna, university, dissertation, 2001).
  • Godehard Schwarz: Döbling. Ten cultural and historical walks through Vienna's 19th district. Unterdöbling, Oberdöbling, the cottage district, Grinzing, Sievering, Heiligenstadt, Nussdorf, Neustift am Walde and Salmannsdorf, Cobenzl and Kahlenberg, Leopoldsberg and Kahlenbergerdorf. Association of Wiener Volksbildung, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-900799-56-3 .

Web links

Commons : Unterdöbling  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 15 '  N , 16 ° 21'  E