Perlacher Forest
The Perlacher Forst is a 13.36 km² community-free forest area southeast of Munich . Together with the Grünwalder Forest and Forstenrieder Park, it belongs to the "Southern Operating Class" of the Bavarian State Forestry Operations Munich and is of great importance as a recreational area for the population, as it offers a natural experience close to home and the opportunity for biological and environmental education. It is part of the Munich green belt .
area
From 1953 the northeastern part of the Perlacher Forest with an almost square floor plan and an area of around one square kilometer was cut down to make room for the Perlacher Forest settlement , also popularly known as the "Ami settlement". The area was in 1951 off from the unincorporated area and the city of Munich, district Perlach , incorporated.
After the spin-off, the following state forest districts remain, which correspond to corridors and which are numbered with ascending Roman numerals . The state forest districts are further subdivided into squares of equal size (about 19 hectares each ), designated by ascending natural numbers, which correspond to parcels . Only where the area borders on neighboring areas (city of Munich, municipality of Unterhaching, or Grünwalder Forest) are the departments mostly smaller, as the squares are not completely within the area. The parcel numbers of the parcels in the land register are different from the department numbers. Most of the paths and cleared areas in the area are based on the boundaries of these parcels .
- State forest district I (area outsourced to Munich?)
- State Forest District II Föhret
- State Forest District III capture (also Unterhaching)
- State Forest District IV Sulz
- State Forest District V?
- State Forest District VI Rothaus
- State Forest District VII Ötz (also Grünwalder Forest)
Counting with Roman numerals continues in the south-west adjoining Grünwalder Forest with VIII herbaceous meadow etc.
Trees
Some of the forest areas still consist of single-layered spruce trees that are unfavorably structured from the point of view of nature conservation - monocultures , which, in contrast to multi-layered stands with a greater spread of tree age and tree species mix, are relatively poor in species. With the age of the stand, the number of occurring animal species increases that use the increased dead wood and generally benefit from the more diverse habitat conditions. The age distribution of the operating class south is characterized by a predominance of younger stocks. The old stocks, which are more valuable from an ecological point of view, are rare, only around 4% of the area is older than 120 years.
Up until the hurricanes Vivian and Wiebke in 1990, the composition of the forests south of Munich was even more dominated by spruce trees, which shaped the landscape in the form of single-layered age-class forests . The large storm damages offered the Forestry Commission the possibility that destroyed spruce stands by site-specific Hardwood - mixed forests mainly by Oak cultures with lime and hornbeam or maple plantings with lime and hornbeam replace. Existing natural regeneration was preserved; Beech pre-cultivation under umbrella has been increasing since then. These measures lead to near-natural and stable follow-up stands which, due to their structural richness, bring about an improvement in the forest ecological situation. An essential factor for the success of these efforts is an adapted game density. In the hardwood mixed stands following individual trees occur: hornbeam , Pointed and field maple , locust , rowan berries , haws , aspen , poplar , willow , white and black alder and sand and bog birch ; on so-called precious hardwoods albeit sometimes rather rare to find, summer and winter Linden , ash , sycamore, cherry , red oak , elm , wild service trees , chestnut , walnut trees and sorbs, among other wild fruit trees .
To clarify the renovation measures that have taken place in recent years, the following table of the main types of stock of the operating class south is compared with the stocks of all age groups with those younger than 20 years old (age group I).
| Stock type | Share of all age groups | Share of age group I. |
|---|---|---|
| Pure spruce stands | 31% | 5.1% |
| Mixed stands of spruce and softwood | 12.3% | 1.4% |
| Mixed spruce and hardwood stands | 22.4% | 15.4% |
| Stands with leading pine | 3.6% | - |
| Stock with leading beech | 10.1% | 19.8% |
| Stand with leading oak | 9.5% | 30.1% |
| Hardwood mixed stocks of other hardwood and fine hardwood | 11.1% | 28.2% |
During the hurricanes in the early 1990s, all trees were uprooted on many hectares in several parcels of the Perlach Forest. The storm damage mainly affected spruce monocultures, but also buildings on the edge of the forest and in areas near the forest with a large number of trees. The professional fire brigade of the city of Munich and the voluntary fire brigade of the district of Munich were in three days of continuous operation to repair the worst damage. Some of the forest areas were not cleared not only because of a lack of money and labor, but also out of scientific interest. Since then, primeval-looking biotopes have emerged on the dead wood areas, in which the sequence of repopulation by plants and animals can be observed.
In 1992 a large forest fire destroyed several hectares of the forest. It was finally contained and extinguished through a large-scale deployment of the region's fire departments using helicopters .
Waters
The Perlacher Forest lies in the area of the Munich gravel plain , which is why there are very few standing or flowing water because of the permeable surface gravel layer. Smaller surface waters can only be found in an abandoned gravel pit near the Perlacher Mugl.
Perlacher Mugl
In the past, in the forest area east of Harlaching, at the point where the Mugl (hill) rises today, there was a stag rutting meadow known to hunters near the Red House , a Wittelsbach hunting lodge from the 18th century. In the south of the Hirschwiese the “old Suhllacke ” can still be seen as a hollow in the ground. Later the house of the former royal game warden stood on the meadow until 1944. During the Second World War , a large bunker with anti-aircraft guns was built there, which was not dismantled after the end of the war due to its massive construction. Instead, in 1970 the bunker was covered with the excavated material from the McGraw trench , which connects the end of the Munich motorway ring, Bundesautobahn 99/995, to the middle ring . The Mugl, which is now a popular panoramic mountain, was created through the filling. From the 26 meter high hill, weather permitting, you have a beautiful view over the Perlacher Forest to the main Alpine ridge . The then Bavarian Forestry Office in Munich built a pavilion on the top of the hill , in which six clear information boards inform the visitor about the regional forest and forest history from the Ice Age to today.
Other destinations
A popular destination for bike tours from the south of Munich is the Kugler-Alm , a traditional beer garden with a playground in Deisenhofen south of the Perlacher Forest. The shortest route from Munich to the Kugler Alm starts at the edge of the forest at the southern end of Oberbiberger Strasse ( "Giesinger Waldhaus" ) in Harlaching and leads straight south over the paved "Oberbiberger Straßerl" through the forest to the "Nussbaum Ranch" , a Kiosk , in front of which it is passed in an underpass under the railway line. From there the last section of the route continues through the forest to Deisenhofen.
Bavaria Film in Geiselgasteig can also be reached by bike through the forest , where you can take a look at the film business on guided tours .
RadlRing
On the occasion of the Federal Horticultural Show in 2005 , the then state forest administration took part in the RadlRing project under the motto “Forest, Game, Hunting” . For the RadlRing, a 170-kilometer route for bike tours around Munich was put together, which was laid as far away from motorized traffic as possible through forests, fields and meadows. A 20-kilometer section of the route runs on specially maintained paths through the Perlacher Forest and also leads to the Perlacher Mugl and the Grünwald forest adventure center. A leaflet provides information about the route and the sights.
literature
- Explanations of the Forstenried and Ebersberg wildlife parks with information on the southern operating class of the former Munich Forestry Office (PDF download)
Web links
- Location of the community-free area in OpenStreetMap (accessed on November 19, 2017)
Individual evidence
- ↑ DE-1992-BUR-2011 Change of the municipality boundaries: incorporation of the parcels 114, 115 and 115 1/2 of the municipality-free forest district Perlach into the city of Munich, 1951 (file)
Coordinates: 48 ° 4 ′ 10 ″ N , 11 ° 34 ′ 39 ″ E
Cities and municipalities: Aschheim | Aying | Baierbrunn | Brunnthal | Feldkirchen | Garching near Munich | Graefelfing | Grasbrunn | Grünwald | Hair | Hohenbrunn | Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn | Ismaning | Kirchheim near Munich | Neubiberg | Neuried | Oberhaching | Oberschleissheim | Ottobrunn | Planegg | Pullach im Isar Valley | Putzbrunn | Sauerlach | Schäftlarn | Straßlach-Dingharting | Taufkirchen | Unterföhring | Unterhaching | Unterschleissheim
Unregulated areas: Forstenrieder Park | Grünwalder Forest | Perlacher Forest