Settlement at the Perlacher forest
The settlement at Perlacher Forst , also popularly known as "Ami settlement", is a large housing estate in Munich - Fasangarten . The typical American settlement was built in 1953 on a forest area in the Perlacher Forest that was cut down especially for this purpose to meet the housing needs of the American occupation soldierscover up. The construction planning was carried out on behalf of the Office for Defense Burdens by the State Building Authority. The Munich State Building Authority itself describes the estate as an "extraordinary urban picture" due to its park-like design and the integration of residential and utility buildings with the original forest trees. After the Americans left in 1991, the Federal Property Administration , then the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks (BIMA), founded in 2005 due to the restructuring by the Red-Green Federal Government , took over the entire area and partially sold it to private owners. There are now 13 residential buildings through Patrizia AGprivatized and then sold as condominiums. The sale of the single and double houses, especially to families, is constantly being pursued.
location
The settlement on Perlacher Forst is located in the Munich district of Fasangarten in the south of the city district 17 Obergiesing-Fasangarten on the southern outskirts of Munich. It is bounded in the north by Lincolnstrasse or the Perlacher Forst cemetery , in the east by the Munich East – Deisenhofen railway line , in the south by Fasangartenstrasse and in the west by the 995 federal motorway .
history
As early as the 18th and 19th centuries, the Perlacher Forest extended south of Munich with numerous excursion destinations, such as Harlaching Castle, Gutshof Menterschwaige and the Forsthaus Fasangarten . This owes its name to the neighboring pheasant farm and later gave its name to the surrounding area (pheasant garden).
In 1953 the Federal Republic of Germany cut down around one square kilometer of forest in order to provide sufficient living space for the members of the United States Army stationed in the McGraw barracks and their families ("Perlacher Forst Housing Area"). At the same time, the houses in Harlaching , which had been occupied and fenced with barbed wire, were cleared. The area with an almost square floor plan was historically the northeastern part of the municipality-free area of Perlacher Forst and was incorporated into the city of Munich in 1951.
The result was a typical American settlement with wide streets and buildings, as it was built in the entire Federal Republic at almost all locations of the US Army, such as in Stuttgart or Garmisch-Partenkirchen . In the north of Munich there are also identical houses in the former US housing estate , but on a much smaller scale. The houses and officers homes were planned to be larger due to their location to the headquarters of the American armed forces in Bavaria in the nearby McGraw barracks (former Reichszeugmeisterei ). In the course of taking over the streets, the state capital of Munich developed a concept that was implemented by the Federal Agency for Real Estate. In 2007 and 2008, the streets originally conforming to the US standard, which gave the settlement its American character, were narrowed and adapted to the Munich standard for access roads by the State Building Authority Munich 2 .
Special meaning
The State Building Authority Munich 1 describes the character of the settlement as follows: “Loosely and in a row construction, residential buildings are inserted in park-like green areas and remnants of the Perlach Forest. The spacious open spaces are intended to ensure healthy living in the country, a high level of relaxation and quality of stay for all age groups. ”This image is reinforced in particular by the large distance between tall buildings and the street, while lower buildings are closer to the roadside. There is no direct development on the roadside anywhere in the entire estate, which is another unique feature for Munich. In many public events, the special value of the settlement for Munich and in particular its unique park-like character was highlighted. This contrasts with the interest of the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks to utilize the remaining space as profitably as possible. Above all, plans to densify the settlement and expand the commercial area are repeatedly met with violent protests from citizens.
Infrastructure
In particular, the large school center with elementary, secondary and vocational school (former Munich American High School (MAHS, with attached Elementary School )) in Cincinnatistraße can be described as a profile building for today's settlement. The former hospital ( 2nd Field Hospital, Perlacher Forst ; later Bundeswehr Hospital Munich ) now houses the Federal Patent Court and a branch of the German Patent and Trademark Office . The former PX (retail center) and the thermal power station were demolished and gave way to the new building of the European School in Munich decided by the Bundestag and a local supplier with a hotel that will probably go into operation from autumn 2017.
The settlement on the Perlacher Forst is accessible via the nearby A 995 and A 8 motorways and the nearby Mittlerer Ring / McGraw-Graben . In the meantime, as originally planned in 1953, it is no longer connected only for residents as an independent area that can remain self-sufficient, but suffers - as everywhere - from a constant increase in traffic. The S-Bahn station “Fasangarten” and public bus lines cover the need for local public transport to a certain extent for the development of the housing complex, which is now steadily being densified.
traffic
Due to the large school center, various streets serve as a way to school for children from primary school age. To protect the Americans from attacks (including by the RAF ) in the 1980s, Marklandstrasse was initially closed and then reopened when the LH Munich took over the streets. Due to the regulations of the city, the streets were designed as a 30 km / h zone . In operation since 1957, this is also Munich's oldest Tempo 30 zone. Due to this peculiarity, no bike paths were created. An attempt to close Marklandstrasse again in 2011 failed.
Overall, the traffic load has increased in recent years due to the expansion of the subsequent use of former US facilities and other new infrastructure buildings.
After the Marklandstrasse was closed, the Americans only used Cincinnati and Minnewittstrasse to develop the entire area. All other streets were only used for the supply of the adjoining residential buildings, as the security of the residential complex could be better guaranteed by the military police of the US Army patrolling the complex. The city of Munich has no longer adopted this traffic concept, even if the entire development of the residential complex was originally designed accordingly.
Planned urban development
The school center in the Perlacher Forst settlement is to be expanded. The European School Munich is planning an extension. In this context, 1,600 schoolchildren and other children will initially be accommodated in a new day-care center. The number of new students is to increase to 1,800 in the course of further expansion measures. In order to preserve the character of the estate, a competition was announced for architectural offices, in which the new construction of the local supplier and the construction of further residential units were to be designed. The competition is over, the construction work should be completed by 2018 and 2019 respectively.
literature
- The US Armed Forces and US Consulate General residential complexes. In: Leo Krause: Munich multi-storey housing estates of the 50s. A research contribution on housing construction in the Federal Republic of Germany. [= Volume 112 of Miscellanea Bavarica Monacensia , Neue Schriftenreihe des Stadtarchivs München ], Utz Verlag , Munich 1982 pp. 293 ff. ISBN 978-3-831-66112-1
Web links
- Culture and History Path 16 Ramersdorf-Perlach
- KulturGeschichtsPfad 17 Obergiesing-Fasangarten , pages 73 to 77
- City of Munich Chronicle 1954
- The American settlement at Perlacher Forst 1993 on the private website www.ulrichschmitt.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH - Industry Line Public - www.t-systems.com: RIS Munich - City Council area - Submissions and resolutions - Details. In: www.ris-muenchen.de. May 4, 2007, accessed December 29, 2016 .
- ^ No further sale of federally owned apartments in Munich: Joint appeal with Bundestag Vice President Johannes Singhammer . In: Dr. Wolfgang Stefinger . ( wolfgang-stefinger.de [accessed on December 29, 2016]).
- ↑ Infos Fasangarten ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Mike Montgomery; Walter Elkins (revision): General sketch of the McGraw barracks and Perlacher Forst Housing Area (1980s). www.usarmygermany.com
- ↑ DE-1992-BUR-2011 Change of the municipality boundaries: incorporation of the parcels 114, 115 and 115 1/2 of the municipality-free forest district Perlach into the city of Munich, 1951 (file)
- ↑ Staatliches Bauamt München 1 - "Bundeswohnsiedlung am Perlacher Forst" ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Fasangarten · »Only the best for the construction site, no accidents, and may it succeed!« - AWO foundation stone laid - Föhrenpark. In: www.wochenanzeiger.de. Retrieved December 29, 2016 .
- ↑ T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH - Industry Line Public - www.t-systems.com: RIS Munich - City Council area - Templates and resolutions - Documents. In: www.ris-muenchen.de. May 4, 2007, accessed December 29, 2016 .
- ↑ T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH - Industry Line Public - www.t-systems.com: RIS Munich - City Council area - Templates and resolutions - Documents. In: www.ris-muenchen.de. May 4, 2007, accessed December 29, 2016 .
- ↑ T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH - Industry Line Public - www.t-systems.com: RIS Munich - City Council area - Templates and resolutions - Documents. In: www.ris-muenchen.de. May 4, 2007, accessed December 29, 2016 .
- ↑ Giesing / Fasangarten · The breakthrough from the north is coming - European school. In: www.wochenanzeiger.de. Retrieved December 29, 2016 .
Coordinates: 48 ° 5 ′ 30 " N , 11 ° 35 ′ 56" E