Garching near Munich

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Garching near Munich
Garching near Munich
Map of Germany, position of the city of Garching near Munich highlighted

Coordinates: 48 ° 15 '  N , 11 ° 39'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Bavaria
County : Munich
Height : 482 m above sea level NHN
Area : 28.17 km 2
Residents: 17,760 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 630 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 85748
Area code : 089
License plate : M , AIB , WOR
Community key : 09 1 84 119
LOCODE : DE GBM
City structure: 3 parts of the community

City administration address : 		Rathausplatz 3
85748 Garching near Munich
Website : www.garching.de
Mayor : Dietmar Gruchmann ( SPD )
Location of the city of Garching near Munich in the Munich district
Starnberger See Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen Landkreis Ebersberg Landkreis Erding Landkreis Freising Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck Landkreis Miesbach Landkreis Rosenheim Landkreis Starnberg Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau Landkreis Dachau München Forstenrieder Park Grünwalder Forst Brunnthal Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn Perlacher Forst Aschheim Aying Baierbrunn Brunnthal Feldkirchen (Landkreis München) Garching bei München Gräfelfing Grasbrunn Grünwald Haar (bei München) Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn Hohenbrunn Ismaning Kirchheim bei München Neubiberg Neuried (bei München) Oberschleißheim Ottobrunn Planegg Pullach im Isartal Putzbrunn Sauerlach Schäftlarn Straßlach-Dingharting Taufkirchen (bei München) Unterföhring Unterhaching Unterschleißheim Oberhachingmap
About this picture
Aerial view of the city of Garching with the federal motorway 9 in the foreground. The research area can be seen in the background, the districts of Hochbrück and Dirnismaning cannot be seen in the picture.

Garching (officially: Garching b.München ) is a city in the north of the Upper Bavarian district of Munich . It borders in the south on the Bavarian capital of Munich , in the north on the municipality of Eching in the district of Freising , in the west on the municipality of Oberschleißheim and in the east along the Isar on the municipality of Ismaning (both district of Munich). The city has become internationally known for its research center with many university and non-university research institutions.

City structure

There are three officially named parts of the municipality : the main town of Garching near Munich, the village of Dirnismaning to the south of it with around 150 inhabitants and the Hochbrück settlement to the west , which has around 2200 inhabitants and a large industrial area. The Garching Research Campus in the northeast is part of the Garching municipality.

history

prehistory

In October 2006, the remains of a Bavarian settlement from the 6th / 7th Discovered in the 19th century. During the subsequent excavation work on Mühlfeldweg in the southeast of Garching, ceramic shards from the Latène period were also found and dated to around 500 BC. Independently of this, a grave field from the Middle Bronze Age was uncovered during construction work in the north of Garching , which was created around 1600 BC.

Until the church is planted

The first documentary mention as Gouvirihhinga comes from the year 915 and can be found in the deeds of ownership of the Tegernsee Monastery. When Heinrich the Lion was overthrown by Barbarossa in 1180 , Garching became the ducal estate of the Wittelsbach family . After the division of the duchy after the death of Duke Otto II , the caste office Kranzberg with Garching came to Lower Bavaria in 1255 under Duke Heinrich XIII.

In the 15th century Garching is listed as a Hofmark with special rights regarding village self-government: "Article from the old heritage of the village of Garching, to which it is free". After the reunification of Upper and Lower Bavaria in 1505 under Duke Albrecht IV , the Garching henchman's office was part of the Munich rentier's office. During the construction of the Schleissheim Canal in 1688/89 under Elector Max Emanuel , a high arched bridge had to be built for Ingolstädter Landstrasse (today's B 13 ), under which the boats with building material for the New Palace and later the courtly gondolas could pass. The district of Hochbrück derives its name from this bridge .

In 1799, Elector Maximilian IV Joseph confirmed the Garching special rights for the last time with reference to upcoming reforms. The current political community was created with the community edict of 1818.

Modern times

The rural Garching was part of the "Landgericht München links der Isar", later the district of Munich . After 1945, numerous expellees from the eastern German regions found a new home in Garching and Hochbrück. In 1957, the Munich research reactor ("Atomei"), the first German research reactor , was commissioned in Garching. In 1977, the construction of a new town center began, in which the new town hall was built in 1988 according to plans by Eberhard Schunck . On September 14, 1990, the place was raised to a city. Five years later, when the extension of the Munich underground line U6 to Garching-Hochbrück went into operation, it was connected to the underground network. On November 21, 1997 the city council decided to designate Garching as a “university town”. The Munich research reactor was shut down on July 28, 2000 at 10:30 a.m. It was replaced in 2004 by the neighboring research neutron source Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (Research Reactor Munich II). On October 14, 2006, the two new underground stations Garching and Garching-Forschungszentrum were put into operation with the extension of the U6 underground line.

Population statistics

Up until the end of the Second World War, Garching was a village with fewer than 2000 inhabitants (1925: 850 inhabitants, 1939: 1465 inhabitants). The strong increase in the number of inhabitants in the post-war period was mainly due to the settlement of displaced persons from the formerly German eastern regions, especially Sudeten Germans , the settlement of numerous industrial companies in Garching-Hochbrück and the expansion of the research site and the Technical University northeast of Garching, which now has more than 10,000 employees and students.

Between 1988 and 2018 the city grew from 11,964 to 17,711 by 5,747 inhabitants or 48%.

Denomination statistics

According to the 2011 census , 15.8% of the population were Protestant , 39.2% Roman Catholic and 45.0% were non-denominational , belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information. As of December 31, 2019, 20,322 people were living in Garching of the 2,397 (11.8%) Protestant, 6,751 (33.2%) Roman Catholic and 11,174 (55.0%) were non-denominational or belong to another religious community.

politics

mayor

  • 1946–1952: Max Hagn ( CSU )
  • 1952–1972: Josef Amon
  • 1972–2002: Helmut Karl ( SPD )
  • 2002–2008: Manfred Solbrig (SPD)
  • 2008-2014: Hannelore Gabor (CSU)
  • 2014 – today: Dietmar Gruchmann (SPD)

City council

The Garching City Council consists of 24 members and was last elected in the local elections on March 15, 2020 (for comparison the results from 2014 ).

  • CSU 7 (7) seats
  • SPD 6 (7, from 2015 6) seats
  • Alliance 90 / The Greens 4 (3, from 2015 4) seats
  • FW / Independent Garchinger 4 (3) seats
  • Citizens for Garching 2 (3) seats
  • FDP 1 (1) seat

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b City Councilor Werner Landmann switched from the SPD to the Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen parliamentary group in 2015

The first mayor is Dietmar Gruchmann (SPD).

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Garching near Munich
 Blazon : “Divided by silver and blue; above, between two green crippled pines, a red wagon wheel; below, above a low, continuous silver building, a silver reactor dome. "

The coat of arms was created in 1967 and is divided into two parts. The upper half stands for historic Garching with two green pines, which symbolize the Garching Heath, and a red wheel, which stands as a symbol for St. Catherine , the patroness of the old Garching church, as well as for the old post office. In the lower half of the coat of arms stands the Munich Research Reactor , which was the first facility to be established on the Garching research site, for modern Garching.

Town twinning

Partnerships are maintained with the Norwegian municipality of Lørenskog (since 1974) and with the Saxon town of Radeberg (since 1995).

North Alliance

The community is a member of the North Alliance - Munich North Metropolitan Region .

Culture and infrastructure

Culture

In Garching there is an extensive range of cultural activities from the city's cultural department, the city library, the adult education center, the city music school and numerous cultural associations with a wide variety of theater performances, concerts and other events. Most of the events take place in the community center or in the theater in the Römerhof.

Architectural monuments

Old parish church of St. Catherine

Soil monuments

See: List of ground monuments in Garching near Munich

Sports

At the Garchinger See there is a sports area with the "Stadion am See", an athletics stadium (4 × 400 m tartan track), additional soccer fields and a tennis facility with 13 outdoor tennis courts and 4 indoor tennis courts. There is also a skater facility and a beach volleyball court. In the Stadion am See, VfR Garching plays its home games in the Regionalliga Bayern .

About 700 meters further south as the crow flies there is another sports facility with a triple gym that was opened in 2011 with a 60 m sprint tunnel (tartan surface), weight room, climbing tower and two gymnastics rooms. There are also some soccer fields, a baseball field and other beach volleyball courts. The local sports clubs also use the sports halls of the Garching schools.

On the south-western edge of the district of Hochbrück, the Olympic shooting range was built for the 1972 Summer Olympics , which is still used today by the Bavarian Sports Shooting Association for training and competition purposes.

nature

Garching lake

About one kilometer north-west of Garching is the Garchinger See recreation area with bathing facilities, sunbathing lawns, a barbecue area and various sports facilities. At Garchinger See there is also a guard station of the DLRG local association Munich-Oberföhring, which is manned on weekends in the bathing season.

Around the built-up core of Garching there are extensive, varied forest and heather areas (Isar floodplains, Fröttmaninger Heide , Mallertshofer Holz , Garchinger Heide , Echinger Lohe), some of which are classified as nature reserves. The city is a member of the Heath Area Association, which is supposed to secure the characteristic heather landscape in the north of Munich.

On the eastern edge of the city is the "Mühlenpark", where a beer garden was laid out on the site of a former water mill. In the immediate vicinity there is an extensive public orchard and an educational forest trail along the Isar floodplain.

Regular events

Every year in the week before the second Sunday in July the “Garching Citizens Week” takes place. During the week there are various cultural, sporting or social events. At the end of the citizens' week there is a three-day street festival around the Garching center. The popular parade through Garching, at which Garching associations and institutions could present themselves to the population in an imaginative way, did not take place in 2010 because the city was unable to provide a suitable festival area. The administration's attempt to finally cancel the pageant failed due to the veto of the city council, which on February 22, 2011 voted against the mayor to keep the pageant. Since 2012, the parade has been taking place in front of the newly designed city run, the Garchinger Runde, on the 1st Sunday of the citizens' week.

On some Advent weekends there is a Christmas market on Bürgerplatz, which is accompanied by a craft market in the community center.

Every two years, the "Garching Autumn Days" are held in the pedestrian zone and in the community center, a trade show paired with an entertainment program.

On the penultimate weekend in July, the fishermen's festival at Lake Garching traditionally takes place (hosted by Fischereiverein Garching e.V.).

A weekly market is held every Wednesday afternoon on Bürgerplatz. On Saturday mornings there is a farmers' market with local products on Rathausplatz, which is often accompanied by special campaigns.

Economy and Infrastructure

Atomei (FRM I) and FRM II (in the background)

Up until the middle of the 20th century, Garching was an agricultural village without any notable commercial operations.

After the end of the Second World War, an industrial park was created in the Hochbrück district to the west of Garching, the nucleus of which was the Heidenheim company Voith . In the meantime, numerous industrial companies have settled here, e. B. Zeppelin construction machines with Caterpillar , SÜSSMicroTec , M-Braun Inertgas-System and BMW .

The Central Institute of the Medical Service of the Bundeswehr Munich is located near the Garching district of Hochbrück .

In the northeast of the city, a campus with numerous university and private-sector institutes has been developing around the first German research reactor since the 1950s. A Hyperloop test track is currently being built here.

At Ingolstädter Landstr. 102 the Central Institute of the Medical Service of the Bundeswehr Munich is located in the Christoph-Probst-Kaserne .

Schools and educational institutions

schools

Other educational institutions

  • music school
  • Adult Education Center in the north of the Munich district

Universities and research institutions

Garching research center

In the northeast of Garching is the district of university and research center , in which many university and non-university research facilities are located. There are currently around 13,000 students and 6,000 employees working on the research site. In terms of atmosphere, the campus is characterized by the isolation of the individual faculty buildings, the lack of shopping opportunities and the use of the interior as a commuter parking lot.

traffic

Road traffic

The state road 2350 (formerly Federal Highway 11 ) runs through the city in north-south direction, the Federal Highway 471 east-west direction. In addition, the federal highway 13 touches Garching in the west. A municipal bypass road has existed since November 2006, which leads from the ST 2350 in the north of Garching to Garching-Hochbrück.

The federal motorway 9 ( Berlin - Nuremberg - Munich ) runs parallel to the ST 2350 at a distance of a few hundred meters and limits urban development to the west. The Garching / Nord junction was opened around 1980 to relieve the city of through traffic to the research institutes. In 1992 the federal highway 471 including the junction Garching / Süd was relocated further south away from the residential area.

Garching is known throughout Bavaria from the traffic news: the morning commuter traffic jam on the A9 typically extends from Munich-Frankfurter Ring to Garching. The traffic jam atlas of the DIHK from 2009 lists the sections Garching-Süd-Kreuz München-Nord and Garching-Nord-Garching-Süd as the heaviest and third most heavily loaded routes in Bavaria, exceeding the average daily traffic density of more than 40%. Park & ​​Ride options have been created at several stations on the U6 to relieve the strain: in addition to the large car park in Fröttmaning and large parking lots in Garching-Hochbrück, to a limited extent on the research and university campus.

railroad

Garching is the only neighboring city of Munich that has no direct rail connection - with the exception of the BMW distribution warehouse in the Hochbrück district. The nearest train station is in the neighboring municipality of Ismaning on the Munich East – Munich Airport railway line ( route book 999.8), which is served by the S8 line of the Munich S-Bahn ( Herrsching –München – Ismaning– Airport ). That is also one of the reasons why the decision was made to extend the Munich underground line U6 to Garching.

Garching underground station

Local transport

Garching is integrated into the tariff system of the Munich transport and tariff association . The public transport in Garching is mainly from the metro line U6 ( Klinikum Grosshadern - Harass - Marienplatz - Munich liberty - Fröttmaning - Garching-Hochbrück - Garching Research Center ) supported that since 14 October 2006 by Garching-Hochbrück via the Garching city ​​center to the research center in the northeast of the city. Garching is therefore the only small town in Bavaria that has a subway connection. The construction of the underground in Garching is essentially due to the fact that Garching, unlike most of Munich's other neighboring towns, does not have a S-Bahn connection. In addition, the increasing traffic to the Garching research center by bus lines could no longer be done in the long run.

In a feasibility study, the MVG examined an extension of the Munich underground line U6 from the current terminus at Garching-Forschungszentrum to the Neufahrner S-Bahn station. While the study showed, as expected, that these plans are no substitute for a rapid transit or express S-Bahn connection between Munich Central Station and the airport, it came to the conclusion that the networking of the U6 and S1 bring many advantages would. In addition to the travel time savings to the airport from all stops north of the U6 station Universität, the accessibility of the Allianz Arena from the airport and the connection between the Garching and Freising-Weihenstephan locations of the Technical University of Munich were highlighted.

Furthermore, the city is well developed by numerous bus routes. In addition to the Garching city bus route 290 , there are also some regional bus routes that provide connections to neighboring towns (as of December 2017):

From 2019, the Munich expressway between Munich and Garching or Unterschleißheim is to be built.

Personalities

literature

  • Dietmar Gruchmann (Ed.): 1100 years of Garching: 915–2015, Festschrift, we are celebrating 1100 years of Garching history , published by Garching City Administration, Garching near Munich 2015, DNB 1070361402 .

Web links

Commons : Garching bei München  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ Official notation, Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online (BLO). In: www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de. Retrieved January 15, 2017 .
  3. ↑ Garching municipality near Munich in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bavarian State Library, accessed on September 9, 2019.
  4. ↑ Report ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on www.garching.de  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.garching.de
  5. ^ History. Retrieved August 20, 2019 .
  6. ↑ PDF at www.statistik.bayern.de
  7. ^ City of Garching Religion , 2011 census
  8. ^ City of Garching , accessed on May 3, 2020
  9. ↑ City Council Garching 2014. Accessed on May 3, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Local election 2020 - City Council. Retrieved May 3, 2020 .
  11. ↑ The red Werner turns green: City Councilor Landmann leaves the SPD. July 21, 2015, accessed May 3, 2020 .
  12. ↑ First Mayor. Garching b. Munich, accessed on July 16, 2020 .
  13. ^ Entry on the coat of arms of Garching near Munich  in the database of the House of Bavarian History
  14. ↑ clubs on www.garching.de
  15. ↑ The new triple hall forms the heart of the Zeppelin Sports Park Garching. May 9, 2011, accessed August 20, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Report on merkur-online.de
  17. ↑ la-garching.de. Retrieved August 20, 2019 .
  18. ^ Süddeutsche de GmbH, Munich Germany, Linus Freymark: Hyperloop: Munich students show fourth prototype. Retrieved August 20, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Max-Mannheimer-Mittelschule Garching celebrates its new name. Retrieved December 27, 2018 .
  20. ↑ PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at www.dihk.de. Copy still available: PDF ( Memento of the original from April 14, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at www.konstanz.ihk.de@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.dihk.de   @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.konstanz.ihk.de
  21. ↑ Report on along-der-gleise.de
  22. ↑ The Radl-Autobahn is coming. March 13, 2017. Retrieved August 20, 2019 .