Garching Heath
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"Garchinger Heide" nature reserve
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 Tree-free open landscape of the Garching Heath |
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| location | Eching , Freising District , Upper Bavaria , Bavaria , Germany | |
| surface | 27 ha | |
| Identifier | NSG-00389.01 | |
| WDPA ID | 81713 | |
| Natura 2000 ID | [http://formulare.landkreis-muenchen.de/cdm/cfs/eject/gen?MANDANTID=1&FORMID=4112 DE-7735-371 DE-7735-371 ] | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 17 ' N , 11 ° 39' E | |
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| Setup date | 1942 | |
| administration |
Government of Upper Bavaria, Section 51 - Nature Conservation ; Maintenance by the Heath Area Association Munich North eV |
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The Garchinger Heide nature reserve is located in the area and southeast of the municipality of Eching in the Freising district (Bavaria). It was described botanically for the first time in 1854 and in 1908 the Bavarian Botanical Society began to buy land with donations. The company was able to acquire 27 hectares (as of 2015). The area has been under nature protection since 1942 and is now designated NSG-00389.01.
With 218 verified plant species, of which more than 50 are on the Red List of Endangered Species - including the Pasque Flower ( Pulsatilla patens ), which only occurs here in Germany and is protected according to the Habitats Directive (Appendix II) - 40 lichens , Of which 12 are on the red list, 34 mosses , mushrooms and a large number of animal species, this heather area is of national importance.
Area description
Because of the combination of drought and lack of nutrients, plant species have been preserved in the Garching Heath that have been displaced elsewhere by more competitive species. These come from very different botanical regions. During the ice ages, alpine species migrated from the glaciated mountains into the foreland. In addition, sub-Mediterranean species spread over Provence and the western Alpine foothills to what is now Bavaria. Another migratory movement comes from the southeast, where Pontic floral elements from the Black Sea region came into the area. There are also plant species from the Pannonian steppes of Hungary that spread to the Garching Heath during the Ice Ages.
This combination of species from four major regions is unique and the Garching Heath and its surroundings are the last remaining part of this landscape, which in 1850 was 15,000 hectares in size.
The climate in the area of the nature reserve is weakly subcontinental with a summer maximum rainfall. The average annual precipitation is 883 mm and the annual mean temperature is 9 ° C with a mean minimum in January of -2 ° C and a mean maximum in July of 18 ° C.
Origin and earlier use
The Garching Heath is a relic of the cultural landscape that once covered the entire north of the Munich gravel plain. It owes its appearance to the gravel that was carried out into the plain at the end of the ice ages by the melting glaciers and their enormous water masses. The gravel is a dry site because water quickly seeps into the deep-lying groundwater and is poor in nutrients because hardly any nutrients were brought into the area until artificial fertilizers were available.
Two groups of tumuli in the northeast and southeast of the nature reserve date from the Bronze Age (1800–1000 BC). The Bavarians put on the barren soil in the early Middle Ages Hochäcker on, the remains of which can still be seen in the east of the nature reserve. Through the use as general pasture land ( common land ) up to the end of the 19th century for sheep, cattle, goats and pigs or a single grass meadow, the landscape-defining low-growing limestone grassland was created, which was only occasionally interrupted by hedges and trees. The conversion to arable land began after the common land was divided among the local farmers towards the end of the 19th century. Between 1907 and 1914 the Bavarian Botanical Society bought 23 hectares of land to prevent it from being converted into arable land. It was not until 1942 that the area was officially designated as the “Garchinger Heide” nature reserve, but in the last months of the war in 1945, forced laborers from the Dachau concentration camp began to remove the top layer of gravel by hand to create a 40 m wide and 300 to 400 m long runway for the Schleissheim military airport create. Next to the runway, foxholes of around 1 m² were dug, which are still half a meter deep today.
As a result of additional land purchases in 1933, 1959 (former Acker Ost) and in the 1960s (former Acker Ost), the Garching Heath now comprises 27.13 hectares, of which 26.89 hectares are a nature reserve. Within the nature reserve, the topsoil was removed on two areas next to the runway in 1980 (1829 m²) and 2000 and gravel was applied to the south-western runway. In 1993, new limestone lawns were created in the vicinity of the Garching Heath by removing topsoil and transferring cuttings.
flora
The uniqueness of the Garching Heath is made up of plants from different flora areas, such as the sub-Mediterranean species Hügel-Meier ( Asperula cynanchica ), calyx oat ( Danthonia alpina ) and horseshoe clover ( Hippocrepis comosa ), alpine species such as Clusius gentian ( Gentiana clusii ) and heart leaved ball flower ( Globularia cordifolia ) or Pontic species such as pheasant's eye ( Adonis vernalis ) and pasqueflower ( Pulsatilla patens ).
| Scientific name | German name | family |
|---|---|---|
| Achillea millefolium agg. | Common yarrow | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Adonis vernalis | Spring Adonis | Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae) |
| Agrimonia eupatoria | Common ormennig | Rose family (Rosaceae) |
| Agrostis tenuis | Red ostrich grass | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Agropyron repens | Creeping couch grass | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Ajuga genevensis | Geneva Gunsel | Mint family (Lamiaceae) |
| Allium carinatum | Kiel leek | Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae) |
| Alyssum alyssoides | Calyx stone herb | Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae) |
| Antennaria dioica | Cat paws | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Anthericum ramosum | Rispied grass lily | Asparagaceae |
| Anthyllis vulneraria | Real wound clover | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Arabis hirsuta | Wire-haired rockcress | Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae) |
| Arenaria serpyllifolia | Common sandwort | Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae) |
| Arrhenatherum elatius | Common oat | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Asperula cynanchica | Hill-Meier | Red family (Rubiaceae) |
| Asperula tinctoria | Färber-Meier | Red family (Rubiaceae) |
| Aster amellus | Mountain aster | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Aster linisyris | Gold aster | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Avena pratensis | Real meadow oats | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Avena pubescens | Fluffy meadow oats | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Bartschia alpina | Alpine helmet | Summer root family (Orobanchaceae) |
| Biscutella laevigata | Smooth-eyed pods | Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae) |
| Brachypodium pinnatum agg. | Fieder-Zwenke | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Briza media | Medium quaking grass | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Bromus erectus | Upright brim | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Buphthalmum salicifolium | Ox eye | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Calamintha alpina | Alpen-Steinquendel | Mint family (Lamiaceae) |
| Campanula glomerata | Clump of bellflower | Bellflower family (Campanulaceae) |
| Campanula patula | Meadow bellflower | Bellflower family (Campanulaceae) |
| Campanula rotundifolia | Round-leaved bellflower | Bellflower family (Campanulaceae) |
| Carduus defloratus | Alpine thistle | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Carex caryophyllea | Spring sedge | Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) |
| Carex ericetorum | Heather sedge | Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) |
| Carex flacca | Blue-green sedge | Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) |
| Carex humilis | Earth sedge | Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) |
| Carex montana | Mountain sedge | Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae) |
| Carlina acaulis | Silver thistle | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia | Meadow knapweed / narrow-leaf meadow knapweed | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Centaurea jacea subsp. pannonica | Hungarian knapweed | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Centaurea scabiosa | Scabies knapweed | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Centaurea triumfetti | Felt knapweed | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Cerastium arvense | Field Hornwort | Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae) |
| Cerastium holosteoides | Common hornwort | Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae) |
| Chaenorrhinum minus | Small toadflax | Plantain family (Plantaginaceae) |
| Chamaecytisus ratisbonensis | Regensburg dwarf gorse | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Cirsium arvense | Field thistle | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Convolvulus arvensis | Field winch | Bindweed family (Convolvulaceae) |
| Coronilla vaginalis | Vaginal vetch | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Coronilla varia | Colorful vetch | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Crepis alpestris | Alpine Pippau | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Crepis premorsa | Pippau bitten off | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Cuscuta epithymum | Quendel silk | Bindweed family (Convolvulaceae) |
| Dactylis glomerata | Common ball of grass | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Danthonia decumbens | Trident | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Danthonia alpina | Calyx oats | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Daphne cneorum | Rosemary Daphne | Daphne family (Thymelaeaceae) |
| Dianthus carthusianorum | Carthusian Carnation | Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae) |
| Dorycnium germanicum | Silk cheekbones | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Dryas octopelata | Silver arum | Rose family (Rosaceae) |
| Echium vulgare | Common adder head | Boraginaceae |
| Erica herbacea | Snow heather | Heather family (Ericaceae) |
| Euphorbia cyparissias | Cypress Spurge | Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae) |
| Euphorbia verrucosa | Warty milkweed | Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae) |
| Euphrasia rostkoviana | Common eyebright | Summer root family (Orobanchaceae) |
| Euphrasia salisburgensis | Salzburg eyebright | Summer root family (Orobanchaceae) |
| Festuca spp. | Fescue | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Filipendula vulgaris | Little meadowsweet | Rose family (Rosaceae) |
| Filipendula hexapetala | Tuberous meadowsweet | Rose family (Rosaceae) |
| Galium boreale | Nordic bedstraw | Red family (Rubiaceae) |
| Galium album | White bedstraw | Red family (Rubiaceae) |
| Galium pumilum | Drift bedstraw | Red family (Rubiaceae) |
| Galium verum | Real bedstraw | Red family (Rubiaceae) |
| Genista tinctoria | Dyer's gorse | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Gentiana ciliata | Common fringed gentian | Gentian Family (Gentianaceae) |
| Gentiana clusii | Clusius gentian | Gentian Family (Gentianaceae) |
| Gentiana verna | Spring gentian | Gentian Family (Gentianaceae) |
| Gentianella germanica | German fringed gentian | Gentian Family (Gentianaceae) |
| Geranium columbinum | Stone cranesbill | Cranesbill family (Geraniaceae) |
| Globularia cordifolia | Heart-leaved spherical flower | Plantain family (Plantaginaceae) |
| Globularia bisnagarica | Real ball flower | Plantain family (Plantaginaceae) |
| Globularia punctata | Real ball flower | Plantain family (Plantaginaceae) |
| Helianthemum nummularium | Ordinary sun rose | Rockrose family (Cistaceae) |
| Helianthemum ovatum | Large-flowered sun rose | Rockrose family (Cistaceae) |
| Hieracium hoppeanum | Hoppe's hawkweed | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Hieracium pilosella | Little hawkweed | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Hieracium piloselloides | Florentine hawkweed | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Hippocrepis comosa | Common horseshoe clover | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Hypericum perforatum | Real St. John's wort | St. John's wort family (Hypericaceae) |
| Hypochaeris maculata | Spotted piglet weed | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Inula hirta | Rough elephant | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Iris variegata | Colorful iris | Iris family (Iridaceae) |
| Knautia arvensis | Field scabious | Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae) |
| Koeleria macrantha | Delicate schiller grass | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Koeleria pyramidata | Great schiller grass | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Leontodon hispidus | Stiff-haired dandelions | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Leontodon incanus | Gray dandelions | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Leucanthemum ircutianum | Fettwiesen daisy | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Linaria vulgaris | Real toadflax | Plantain family (Plantaginaceae) |
| Linum catharticum | Purgier flax | Linaceae (linaceae) |
| Linum perenne | Persistent flax | Linaceae (linaceae) |
| Lotus corniculatus ssp. corniculatus | Common horn clover | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Lotus corniculatus ssp. hirsutus | Legumes (Fabaceae) | |
| Medicago lupulina | Hop clover | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Melilotus officinalis | Yellow sweet clover | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Minuartia fastigiata (Minuartia rubra) | Büschel-Miere | Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae) |
| Molinia caerulea agg. | Blue pipe grass | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Ononis repens | Creeping Restharrow | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Orchis morio | Little orchid | Orchids (orchidaceae) |
| Orchis ustulata | Cinderella | Orchids (orchidaceae) |
| Peucedanum oreoselinum | Mountain hair strand | Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) |
| Pimpinella saxifraga | Little Bibernelle | Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) |
| Plantago lanceolata | Ribwort plantain | Plantain family (Plantaginaceae) |
| Plantago media | Middle plantain | Plantain family (Plantaginaceae) |
| Platanthera bifolia | Two-leaved forest hyacinth | Orchids (orchidaceae) |
| Poa pratensis | Meadow bluegrass | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Polygala amarella | Marsh finial | Finials |
| Polygala chamaebuxus | Box finial | Finials |
| Polygala vulgaris | Common finial | Finials |
| Polygonatum odoratum | Genuine Solomon's Seal | Asparagaceae |
| Polygonum viviparum | Knollchen knotweed | Asparagaceae |
| Potentilla alba | White cinquefoil | Rose family (Rosaceae) |
| Potentilla anserina | Fingerwort | Rose family (Rosaceae) |
| Potentilla arenaria | Sand cinquefoil | Rose family (Rosaceae) |
| Potentilla heptaphylla | Reddish cinquefoil | Rose family (Rosaceae) |
| Primula veris | Real cowslip | Primrose Family (Primulaceae) |
| Prunella grandiflora | Large-flowered Braunelle | Mint family (Lamiaceae) |
| Pulsatilla patens | Finger pasque flower | Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae) |
| Pulsatilla vulgaris agg. | Ordinary pasque flower | Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae) |
| Ranunculus bulbosus | Bulbous buttercup | Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae) |
| Ranunculus nemorosus | Forest buttercup | Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae) |
| Reseda lutea | Yellow woof | Reseda plants (Resedaceae) |
| Rhamnus saxatilis | Rock Buckthorn | Buckthorn Family (Rhamnaceae) |
| Rhinanthus angustifolius spp. subalpina | Big rattle pot | Summer root family (Orobanchaceae) |
| Rhinanthus glacialis | Awn rattlespot | Summer root family (Orobanchaceae) |
| Rubus caesius | Dewberry | Rose family (Rosaceae) |
| Salvia pratensis | Meadow sage | Mint family (Lamiaceae) |
| Salvia verticillata | Whorled sage | Mint family (Lamiaceae) |
| Sanguisorba minor | Little meadow button | Rose family (Rosaceae) |
| Scabiosa canescens | Scented scabiosis | Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae) |
| Scabiosa columbaria | Pigeon scabiosis | Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae) |
| Scorzonera purpurea | Red salsify | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Selaginella helvetica | Swiss moss fern | Moss fern family (Selaginellaceae) |
| Senecio jacobaea | Jacob's ragwort | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Seseli annuum | Steppe fennel | Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) |
| Sesleria varia | Lime blue grass | Sweet grasses (Poaceae) |
| Silene nutans | Nodding catchfly | Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae) |
| Silene vulgaris | Pigeon goiter | Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae) |
| Sonchus arvensis | Field goose thistle | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Betonica officinalis | Real concrete (Heil-Ziest) | Mint family (Lamiaceae) |
| Taraxacum officinale agg. | Common dandelion | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Teucrium montanum | Mountain germander | Mint family (Lamiaceae) |
| Thesium linophyllon | Medium flax leaf | Sandalwood family (Santalaceae) |
| Thymus praecox | Early flowering thyme | Mint family (Lamiaceae) |
| Tragopogon minor | Meadow goat beard | Daisy family (Asteraceae) |
| Trifolium dubium | Thread clover | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Trifolium montanum | Mountain clover | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Trifolium pratense | Meadow clover | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Trifolium rubens | Purple clover | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Valeriana wallrothii | Narrow-leaved medicinal valerian | Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae) |
| Verbascum nigrum | Black Mullein | Figwort family (Scrophulariaceae) |
| Veronica austriaca | Austrian honorary award | Plantain family (Plantaginaceae) |
| Veronica spicata | Earlier speed award | Plantain family (Plantaginaceae) |
| Vicia sepium | Fence vetch | Legumes (Fabaceae) |
| Viola arenaria | Sand violets | Violet family (Violaceae) |
| Viola hirta | Rough violet | Violet family (Violaceae) |
| Viola rupestris | Sand violets | Violet family (Violaceae) |
Mosses
34 moss species could be detected, 17 acrocarp and 14 pleurocarp mosses and 3 liverworts , which are not typical for limestone grasslands. Frullania tamarisci occurs in vegetation gaps and bidentate comb cup moss ( Lophocolea bidentata ) in dense Polstem pleurokarper Moose. Common scratching moss ( Radula complanata ) occurs in the more humid and more overgrown foxholes .
| Scientific name | German name | family | Danger | Large morphological group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plagiomnium affine | Common star moss | Mniaceae | acrocarp moss | |
| Bryum caespititium | acrocarp moss | |||
| Weissia brachycarpa | RLD V | acrocarp moss | ||
| Fissidens cristatus | Comb split-tooth moss | Fissidentaceae | RLD V | acrocarp moss |
| Bryum argenteum | Silver moss | Bryaceae | acrocarp moss | |
| Dicranum polysetum | Wavy-leaved fork tooth moss | Dicranaceae | acrocarp moss | |
| Rhodobryum cf. ontariense | Fels-Rosenmoos | Bryaceae | acrocarp moss | |
| Ceratodon purpureus | Purple-stalked horn tooth moss | Ditrichaceae | acrocarp moss | |
| Tortella inclinata | Inclined spiral tooth moss | Pottiaceae | RLD V | acrocarp moss |
| Tortella tortuosa | Curled spiral tooth moss | Pottiaceae | RLD V | acrocarp moss |
| Ditrichum flexicaule | Bent-handled double hair moss | Ditrichaceae | RLD V | acrocarp moss |
| Encalypta streptocarpa | Twisted fruity bell-hat moss | Encalyptaceae | acrocarp moss | |
| Grimmia pulvinata | Upholstery pillow moss | Grimmiaceae | acrocarp moss | |
| Schistidium apocarpum | Hidden slit cone | Grimmiaceae | acrocarp moss | |
| Polytrichum juniperinum | Juniper red-tone moss | Polytrichaceae | acrocarp moss | |
| Tortula ruralis sensu stricto | Roof rotary tooth moss | Pottiaceae | acrocarp moss | |
| Barbula unguiculata | Pointed-leaved mustache moss | Pottiaceae | acrocarp moss | |
| Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus | Big Kranzmoos | Hylocomiaceae | RLD V | pleurocarp mosses |
| Thuidium abietinum | pleurocarp mosses | |||
| Rhytidium rugosum | Wrinkled moss | Rhytidiaceae | RLD 3 | pleurocarp mosses |
| Homalothecium lutescens | Yellowish silk moss | Brachytheciaceae | pleurocarp mosses | |
| Entodon concinnus | Entodontaceae | RLD V | pleurocarp mosses | |
| Hylocomium splendens | Floor moss | Hylocomiaceae | RLD V | pleurocarp mosses |
| Campylium chrysophyllum | Real gold sleep moss | Amblystegiaceae | RLD V | pleurocarp mosses |
| Hypnum cupressiforme var. Lacunosum | Cypress sleepmoss | Hypnaceae | pleurocarp mosses | |
| Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus | Hylocomiaceae | pleurocarp mosses | ||
| Thuidium philibertii | Hair-tip thuja moss | Thuidiaceae | RLD V | pleurocarp mosses |
| Brachythecium rutabulum | Common short rifle moss | Brachytheciaceae | pleurocarp mosses | |
| Scleropodium purum | Common green stem moss | Brachytheciaceae | pleurocarp mosses | |
| Brachythecium albicans | White short rifle moss | Brachytheciaceae | pleurocarp mosses | |
| Pleurozium schreberi | Red stem moss | Hylocomiaceae | pleurocarp mosses | |
| Lophocolea bidentata | Bidentate comb moss | Geocalycaceae | RLD 3, RLBy 3 | Liverworts |
| Frullania tamarisci | Jubulaceae | Liverworts | ||
| Radula complanata | Ordinary scratch moss | Radulaceae | RLD 3, RLBy 3 | Liverworts |
Information on the risk according to the Red List of Mosses in Bavaria from 1996 and the Red List of Mosses in Germany from 1996.
weave
A total of 40 species of lichen could be detected. For example, the fork lichen ( Cladonia furcata ), which can be found in all areas of the Garching Heath. On dead moss cushions and fine earth there are also some particularly worthy representatives and red list species of the colorful earth lichen society : the black Bacidia bagliettoana , the bluish Toninia sedifolia , the black Catapyrenium squamulosum and the red Psora decipiens .
| Scientific name | German name | family | Habit | Hazard / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cladonia furcata subsp. furcata | Cladoniaceae | Shrub lichen | ||
| Cladonia furcata subsp. subrangiformis | Cladoniaceae | Shrub lichen | RLD 3 | |
| Cladonia pyxidata subsp. pocillum | Real cup lichen | Cladoniaceae | Shrub lichen | |
| Cladonia symphycarpa | Cladoniaceae | Shrub lichen | RLD 3 | |
| Cladonia rangiformis | Shrub lichen | RLD 3 | ||
| Physcia adscendens | Helmet callosity | Physciaceae | Leaf lichen | |
| Xanthoria parietina | Common yellow lichen | Teloschistaceae | Leaf lichen | |
| Phaeophyscia nigricans | Leaf lichen | |||
| Xanthoria elegans | Dainty yellow braid | Teloschistaceae | Leaf lichen | |
| Cetraria islandica | Icelandic moss | Parmeliaceae | Leaf lichen | RLD 3 |
| Peltigera rufescens | Leaf lichen | RLD 3 | ||
| Phaeophyscia orbicularis | Physciaceae | Leaf lichen | ||
| Evernia prunastri | Oak moss | Parmeliaceae | Leaf lichen | outside the NSG |
| Physcia tenella | Physciaceae | Leaf lichen | RLD 3, outside the NSG | |
| Verrucaria nigrescens | Crusty lichen | |||
| Candelariella vitellina | Crusty lichen | |||
| Sarcogyne regularis | Crusty lichen | |||
| Verrucaria muralis | Crusty lichen | |||
| Verrucaria dolosa | Crusty lichen | |||
| Lecania erysibe | Crusty lichen | |||
| Lecidella stigmatea | Crusty lichen | |||
| Aspicilia moenium | Crusty lichen | |||
| Caloplaca holocarpa | Crusty lichen | |||
| Lecanora muralis | Wall lichen | Lecanoraceae | Crusty lichen | |
| Lecanora dispersa | Lecanoraceae | Crusty lichen | ||
| Acarospora fuscata | Crusty lichen | |||
| Lecidella carpathica | Crusty lichen | |||
| Protoblastenia rupestris | Crusty lichen | |||
| Trapelia placodioides | Crusty lichen | |||
| Rhizocarpon geographicum | Map lichen | Rhizocarpaceae | Crusty lichen | outside the NSG |
| Caloplaca decipiens | Crusty lichen | outside the NSG | ||
| Acarospora cervina | Crusty lichen | RLD 3, outside the NSG | ||
| Aspicilia contorta | Crusty lichen | |||
| Verrucaria murorum | Crusty lichen | |||
| Collema limosa | Blue algae | RLD 3 | ||
| Collema tenax | Blue algae | |||
| Bacidia bagliettoana | Earth lichen | RLD 3 | ||
| Catapyrenium squamulosum | Earth lichen | RLD 3 | ||
| Psora decipiens | Psoraceae | Earth lichen | RLD 2 | |
| Tonninia sedifolia | Earth lichen | RLD 3 |
Information on the risk according to the 1996 Red List of Lichen in Germany.
fauna
The fauna of the Garching Heath included the palp beetle (Pselaphidae) , which was only described by Herrmann Daffner in 1984 and discovered here, Tychobythinus bavaricus , which is now considered extinct. In addition, the ant beetles (Scydmaenidae) Cyinindis angularis and Neuraphes angulatus , the big flat beetle (Silvanidae) Airaphilus elongatus and the palp beetles Bryaxis femoratus and Amauronyx maerkeli were detected. The former demonstrated here Heide-cricket ( Gampsocleis glabra ) is considered extinct.
maintenance
Strip mowing is carried out in the “Garchinger Heide” nature reserve as maintenance use. The central area is divided into strips approx. 40 m wide, which until 1998 were mowed alternately in October; since 1999, mowing has been carried out earlier (end of July to September) for the transfer of cuttings. For each individual strip this corresponded to a mowing every two years. The strip mowing is intended to prevent encroachment and enable small animals to hibernate in the unmown strip.
In order to counteract the matting of the vegetation and the increase in the litter layer, the “fallow portion” has been reduced since 2004, so that three strips are mowed each year and only the fourth strip is “fallow”. The edge areas and the former field are mowed annually at the end of July / beginning of August.
Protected area networking and expansion
The species and biotope protection program of the district of Freising and the heath development plan of the neighboring districts aim to create a biotope network with the neighboring protected areas Echinger Lohe , Mallertshofer Holz with Heiden and the Isar floodplains. For this purpose, as part of a test and development project (E + E) from 1992 to 1998, agricultural areas were purchased or leased and the humus-rich layers of soil were removed. The total of 62 hectares for the heather development consist of 30 hectares of land, 5.5 hectares of parish land and 27 hectares of long-term lease of "Kirchengrund". Cuttings from the core area with the seeds contained in it were spread on the emaciated soil. As a result, up to 80 heather species were settled on these gravel locations for particularly drought-loving species. From 1992 to 2002 scientific studies were carried out by the Technical University of Munich . As a result, 68 target species, including 12 Red List species, such as the pasque flower ( Pulsatilla patens ) could be established on 10 hectares.
Around the heather there is a buffer zone of extensively used meadows in order to reduce the nutrient input from outside. The costs of over 2.7 million euros were borne by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, the Bavarian Nature Conservation Fund and the Heath Area Association Munich North. A bridge was built over the A9 motorway, which enables migratory animal species to cross between the Garchinger Heide and Echinger Lohe to the east and Mallertshofer Holz to the west of the motorway. The sheep , which are used for biotope maintenance in the heathland, are also driven over these .
literature
- Odward Geisel: Garchinger Heide, Echinger Lohe - nature reserves in the municipality of Eching, district of Freising . Published by the municipality of Eching in 1989.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Michael Jeschke, Kathrin Kiehl: Comparison of the cryptogam vegetation of old and young limestone grasslands in the "Garchinger Heide" nature reserve . In: Bayerische Botanische Gesellschaft eV (Hrsg.): Reports of the Bavarian Botanical Society . No. 76 , 2006, ISSN 0373-7640 , p. 221–234 ( online [PDF; accessed May 3, 2015]).
- ↑ a b c Daniela Röder, Michael Jeschke, Kathrin Kiehl: Vegetation and soils of old and young limestone grasslands in the nature reserve "Garchinger Heide" in the north of Munich . In: Detlev Drenckhahn (Ed.): Forum Geobotanicum - An Electronic Journal Of Geobotanical Research . No. 2 , 2006, ISSN 1867-9315 , p. 24–44 ( online [PDF; accessed May 3, 2015]).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef Jörg Pfadenhauer, C. Liebermann: A geobotanical permanent observation area in the nature reserve Garchinger Heather . In: Bayerische Botanische Gesellschaft eV (Hrsg.): Reports of the Bavarian Botanical Society . tape 57 , December 31, 1986, ISSN 0373-7640 , p. 99–110 ( online [PDF; accessed June 15, 2015]).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Ernst Hepp, Josef Poelt: Die Garchinger Heide . In: Bayerische Botanische Gesellschaft eV (Hrsg.): Reports of the Bavarian Botanical Society . tape 42 , December 1970, ISSN 0373-7640 , p. 5–14 ( online [PDF; accessed on June 15, 2015] Reprint from the annual report of the Association for the Protection of Alpine Animals and Plants from 1957).
- ↑ Hermann Daffner: The first evidence of a new species of the genus Tychobythinus Ganglbauer from Germany (Coleoptera, Pselaphidae) . In: Münchner Entomologische Gesellschaft (Hrsg.): Nachrichtenblatt Bayerischer Entomologe . tape 33 , 1984, pp. 86–88 ( online [PDF; accessed June 15, 2015]).
- ↑ a b Harald Plachter, Alexandra Kruse and Helmut Kruckenberg: Screening of potential German natural values for the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (PDF) p. 92 , accessed on June 18, 2015 .
- ↑ a b Garching Heath. Heideflächenverein Münchener Norden eV, accessed on July 7, 2015 .
- ↑ Biotope network. Heideflächenverein Münchener Norden eV, accessed on July 7, 2015 .
- ↑ E + E project. Heideflächenverein Münchener Norden eV, accessed on July 7, 2015 .
- ^ Test and development project (E + E) "Securing and developing the heathen in the north of Munich". (PDF) Heideflächenverein Münchener Norden eV, accessed on July 7, 2015 .
Web links
- NSG Garchinger Heide at the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation
- NSG Garchinger Heide at the Heideflächenverein
- NSG Garchinger Heide at the Bavarian Botanical Society
- www.kreis-freising.de, Protection Area Ordinance of July 9, 1991