Box finial
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Box finial ( Polygala chamaebuxus ) |
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The Buchs finial ( Polygala chamaebuxus ), also Alpine dwarf Buchs , Shrubby finial , Buchsblättriges milkwort , Evergreen finial or Waldmyrte called, is a plant of the genus finials ( Polygala ) within the family of polygalaceae (Polygalaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The box finial is an evergreen subshrub and reaches heights of 5 to 30 centimeters. It has lignified stem axes in the lower part. The young stems have protruding hairs, but with age they become increasingly bald and brown.
Generative characteristics
The flowers are solitary to three in the axils of the middle and upper leaves or at the end of the stem. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a length of 0.5 to 3 centimeters with a double flower envelope . and The five sepals are very unevenly shaped, the top one is spurred, the two lower ones are smaller. The two lateral sepals are larger and petal-like, usually pointing upwards or slightly turned back. The color of the sepals is either creamy white, yellowish, brownish red or intensely purple. There are three petals , the lower one being like a boat with a fringed appendage. The color of the petals is whitish to yellow-orange, as it fades, it becomes increasingly dark to brown-orange. The eight stamens have grown together to form an open tube.
The fleshy capsule fruits are rounded, heart-shaped and flattened. The dark brown seeds are egg-shaped and long-haired.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 38 or 44 + 1-4B.
Ecology and phenology
Vegetative propagation occurs through runners .
Pollinators are exclusively bumblebees . The flowering period extends from April to May and often a second time from September to October.
The seeds have a lobed elaiosome for ants to spread . In addition, wind and water adhesion spread. Fruit ripening is from July to August.
Occurrence
The box finial is widespread from the Pyrenees to the Balkan Mountains . The box finial is widespread in Central Europe in the Alps from southern France to the Eastern Alps . In the Alps it rises to altitudes of 2500 meters, in the Allgäu Alps at the Jöchelspitze up to 2200 meters.
Occasionally it occurs in the Bavarian Forest, in the Franconian, Swabian and Swiss Jura and in the Baar . In Austria , this species is often to be found scattered in all federal states.
As a location, sparse pine forests , Scots pine bushes , stony mats and grasslands are preferred, mostly on limestone or dolomite. This species is often found on weathered granite soils. It is in Central Europe a trim characteristic species of Erico-Pinetalia, but also occurs in association Seslerion.
Systematics
Polygala chamaebuxus was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . The specific epithet chamaebuxus is explained by the leathery, evergreen leaves that are similar to those of the common boxwood .
Of Polygala chamaebuxus there are varieties:
- Polygala chamaebuxus var. Chamaebuxus : It is common in Central Europe , the Apennines and the Balkans.
- Large-flowered box finial ( Polygala chamaebuxus var. Grandiflora Gaudin , Syn .: Polygala chamaebuxus 'Purpurea'): It occurs only in the southern Alps in Ticino and Graubünden and its larger flowers are purple-pink except for the yellow boat.
swell
literature
- Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (= Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Polygala chamaebuxus L., Buchsblättriges Kreuzblümchen. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 641 .
- ↑ Polygala chamaebuxus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
- ^ Robert Zander : Zander. Concise dictionary of plant names. Edited by Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold . 18th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5408-1 .
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 185.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 704 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Manuel Werner: Which alpine flower is that? Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart, 2011, ISBN 978-3-440-12576-2 , p. 66.
Web links
- Box finial . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Polygala chamaebuxus L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )