Field winch

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Field winch
Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)

Field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Nightshade (Solanales)
Family : Bindweed family (Convolvulaceae)
Genre : Winds ( convolvulus )
Type : Field winch
Scientific name
Convolvulus arvensis
L.

The Acker-winds ( Convolvulus arvensis ) is a widespread European plant of the family of wind plants (Convolvulaceae).

description

It is a twining, perennial, herbaceous plant . In the soil it forms a dense network of knotty, thickened "root strands" that keep sprouting new sprouts, even if the plant has been superficially weeded. The tips of the shoot axes perform circular search movements (as seen from above, counterclockwise as a left- winder) in order to be able to wind up on a suitable surface.

The common bindweed ( Calystegia sepium ), which looks very similar, differs from the common bindweed in its flowers, which can be twice as large in the bindweed as in the common bindweed. In the bindweed they are bright white throughout, while in the field bindweed they can be pale pink or bluish and have dark, wedge-shaped stripes on the outside at the seams of the grown together petals. The flower of the bindweed has two clearly pronounced green bracts on the outside, which are missing in the field bindweed. The flowering period is between April and October.

The leaves also differ in both species: in the case of the bindweed they are more rounded, while in the case of the field bindweed they are elongated with one point and two pointed corners.

Flowering time is from June to September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48 or 50.

ecology

Capsule fruit and seeds

The bindweed is a rhizome - and root bud geophyte , the roots of which are capable of sprouting . It is a left-winding climber and a typical drought plant. Their roots reach up to two meters deep. However, when cut off, it wilts quickly because its roots with high suction power are essential for survival.

The flowers of the field bindweed are homogamous "large funnel flowers " that are only open for one day (day flowers). In cool weather there are closing movements ( thermonastia ). In rainy weather, the flowers remain closed and are therefore also considered weather prophets. The nectar is formed at the base of the ovary and is covered by the base of the stamens ; therefore only five narrow crevices lead to the nectar. Pollinators are insects of all kinds, but spiral horn bees ( Systropha ), which specialize in bindweed plants , are particularly common. They wallow in the flowers. But there is also self-pollination .

During growth, the tip of the shoot performs circular movements ( nutation ) typical of the wind , whereby only a few hours are needed for a circle.

The fruits are inconspicuous, 2-lobed capsules with 4 or 5 seeds that hang down when ripe . The seed set is usually small. The main spread occurs by humans via farm implements, etc. In addition, gravity spread, random spread through grazing animals and spread of the roll seeds as trolleys. Fruit ripening is from August to October.

The vegetative reproduction occurs through runners and root shoots. When tilling the soil, the smallest subterranean parts grow into whole plants. Although it has pretty, delicate, around 4-5 cm large funnel-shaped flowers, it is not welcome in gardens, fields and vineyards because it climbs up on cultivated and ornamental plants and, with its own rapid growth, inhibits their development. It is an annoying field and garden weed .

Occurrence

Variant of the bindweed with strong coloring
Blossom, detail
Bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis )

Except in fields, the field winch can be found on paths, meadows and debris areas. It thrives in Central Europe on fresh to moderately dry, nutrient-rich and base-rich, mostly low-humus loam or clay soils. The field winch is a character species of the Convolvulo-Agropyretum from the association of the couch grass semi-dry grassland (Convolvulo-Agropyrion repentis).

Originally native to Eurasia and North Africa, it occurs today almost worldwide in the temperate to subtropical zones.

Taxonomy

Convolvulus arvensis L. has the synonyms Convolvulus arvensis subsp. crispatus Franco and Convolvulus arvensis var. linearifolius Choisy

use

The bindweed contains cardiovascular glycosides in its leaves and is therefore a well-known medicinal plant . The plant also contains psychoactive alkaloids , such as those used in " witch's ointments " in the past .

The flowers provide plenty of nectar and pollen for bees , beetles and butterflies , especially for the windswarmers ( Agrius convolvuli ). Cattle also like to eat the plants as part of hay. The two native spiral horn bees live oligolectically on the field winch.

Legends

According to a children's legend by the Brothers Grimm , the Mother of God drank a "glass" of wine from the flower. Hence the name Mother of God Glass .

Common names

The other common German names for the Acker-Winds exist or existed : Ackerwinde ( Silesia , Switzerland ), Bedewinde (Silesia), Erdwinde (Silesia), Hergottkedelcher ( Transylvania ), Kornwinde (Silesia, Switzerland), Mittelwinde, Pädewinde ( Potsdam ) , Pathenwinde ( Tübingen ), Snerrkrut ( Holstein , Fallersleben ), Snirrkrut (Holstein, Fallersleben), Strumpfe ( Austria ), Strupfe (Austria), Teufelsdarm (Silesia), Omspunnen Tüch ( Helgoland ), Wäwinde ( Altmark ), Waidach ( Carinthia ) , Waen ( Eifel near Nürnburg), Kleu Wedewinde ( Middle Low German ), Klen Wedewindeblom (Middle Low German), Klen Wedewindeglocken (Middle Low German), Weegbinn (Holstein), Wegewinne (Mecklenburg), Wewinne ( Göttingen , Fallersleben), Wewinneke (Göttingen), Winda, Windel ( Upper Hesse ), Small Winde (Silesia), White Winde and Wind Bells (Silesia). It is also called windling or field winch.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  772 .
  2. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Convolvulus arvensis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  3. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 109 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Bindweed  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files