Warty milkweed

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Warty milkweed
Warty Spurge (Euphorbia verrucosa)

Warty Spurge ( Euphorbia verrucosa )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae)
Genre : Spurge ( Euphorbia )
Type : Warty milkweed
Scientific name
Euphorbia verrucosa
L.

The warts spurge ( Euphorbia verrucosa ) is a plant from the family of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae).

description

Inflorescence from above
Fruit cluster

Vegetative characteristics

The warty milkweed is a deciduous, perennial , herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 30 to 50 centimeters. A vertical and many-headed rhizome is formed as a permanent organ . The stem grows upright and is often reddish or purple colored in the lower part.

The numerous 2 to 4 centimeters long and 0.7 to 1.3 centimeters wide stem leaves are oblong-ovate and have entire or small saws. They are practically sessile. Either they are bald from the beginning or bald after the anthesis .

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends mainly over the months of May and June. The rays of the five-pointed trugdoldigen inflorescence are first triple and then forked. The short-stalked bracts are broadly elliptical with a narrowed base and a more or less blunt upper end. At the. The yellowish to yellow-brownish glands are oval.

The capsule fruit has a length of 3 to 4 millimeters and is densely covered with hemispherical to cylindrical warts.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14 or 18.

ecology

The warty milkweed is a hemicryptophyte . The pollination is done by insects. The seeds are distributed by self-propagation and by ants.

Habit, leaves and inflorescences

Occurrence

The distribution area of Euphorbia verrucosa extends from northern Spain to central France and from southern central Europe to the Balkan peninsula .

In Germany, warty milkweed occurs very scattered in the southwest and southern areas. In Baden-Württemberg it can be found mainly in the Jura. In Austria and Switzerland, the warty milkweed can be found scattered in mountainous to submontane altitudes .

The warty milkweed grows on semi- arid grassland . It thrives best in moderately dry and calcareous soils . She is a lime hand. It is in Central Europe, a characteristic species of the association Mesobromion.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 638 .
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Euphorbia verrucosa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 21, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Warty Spurge ( Euphorbia verrucosa )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files