Plant sociological units according to Oberdorfer
The starting point for these plant sociological units is the information provided by Oberdorfer et al .: Plant sociological excursion flora, 6th edition, Stuttgart 1990, supplemented by some German terms.
Basic units of the plant sociological system
Group of classes (formations)
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Class - ending "-etea"
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Order - ending "-etalia"
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Association - ending "-ion"
- Sub-association, group - ending "-enion"
- Association (plant society) - ending "-etum"
- Subassociation - ending "-etosum"
- Variant - "..., variant of ..."
- Sub-variant - "..., sub-variant of ..."
- Facies - "..., facies of ..."
- Sub-variant - "..., sub-variant of ..."
- Variant - "..., variant of ..."
- Subassociation - ending "-etosum"
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Association - ending "-ion"
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Order - ending "-etalia"
Units below the association are only listed as examples.
Plant sociological classification of plant communities according to Oberdorfer
Freshwater and bog vegetation
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Lemnetea ( duckweed ceilings)
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Lemnetalia (free floating still water companies)
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Lemnion | Lemnion (minoris) (Free-floating still water communities)
- Lemna minor society (Society of the Lesser Duckweed)
- Hydrocharition (morsus-ranae) ( frogbit - crab claws societies) (syn: Hydrochariden group in Lemnion)
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Lemnion | Lemnion (minoris) (Free-floating still water communities)
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Lemnetalia (free floating still water companies)
- Charetea (fragilis) (chandelier algae societies)
- Utricularietea (intermedio-minoris) (water-hose swamp communities)
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Potamogetonetea (freshwater aquatic plant communities)
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Potamogetonetalia (freshwater pondweed societies)
- Potamogetonion (pectinati) (underwater spawning communities)
- Nymphaeion (albae) (rooting floating leaf communities )
- Ranunculion fluitantis ( Common buttercup - river communities)
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Potamogetonetalia (freshwater pondweed societies)
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Littorelletea ( Strandlings - flat water lawn )
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Littorelletalia (Eurosiberian Strandling Societies )
- Isoetion lacustris ( bream - clear water lawn )
- Hydrocotylo Baldellion (Atlantic Strandling Societies)
- Deschampsion litoralis ( Strandschmielen - Bodenseeufer -Rasen)
- Eleocharition acicularis ( needle rushes - shallow water lawns ) (syn .: Littorellion or Lobelio-Isoetion)
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Littorelletalia (Eurosiberian Strandling Societies )
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Phragmitetea ( reeds and sedge )
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Phragmitetalia ( reeds and sedge )
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Phragmition (australis) ( freshwater reed )
- Scirpetum lacustris (pond rush reed)
- Typhetum angustifoliae (reed of the narrow-leaved cattail )
- Typhetum latifoliae (reed of the broad-leaved cattail )
- Glycerietum maximae ( water vapors cane )
- Phragmitetum communis (reeds)
- Cladietum marisci (cut reed bed)
- Equisetum fluviatile society ( pond horsetail society )
- Rorippa amphibia-Gesellschaft ( watercress reed beds )
- Bolboschoenion maritimi
- Sparganion-Glycerion (fluitantis) ( brook reed, small reed)
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Magnocaricion ( Großseggenriede )
- Magnocaricion, Carex elata group (Niedermoor-Großseggenrieder)
- Magnocaricion, Carex gracilis group (Niedermoor-Großseggenrieder)
- Caricetum gracilis (Graebner et Hueck 31) Tüxen 37 ( Schlankseggenried )
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Phragmition (australis) ( freshwater reed )
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Phragmitetalia ( reeds and sedge )
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Montio-Cardaminetea ( spring corridors and forest swamps)
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Montio-Cardaminetalia
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Cardamino-Montion (low-lime spring meadows )
- Montion (group of moss-rich societies)
- Cardaminion (group of low-moss societies)
- Cratoneurion commutati (lime-rich spring meadows)
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Cardamino-Montion (low-lime spring meadows )
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Montio-Cardaminetalia
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Scheuchzerio-Caricetea (fusci) ( Kleinseggenrieder , flat and intermediate moors )
-
Scheuchzerietalia (palustris) (Nordic intermoor and Schlenken societies)
- Rhynchosporion (albae) (societies of the Moorschlenken)
- Caricion lasiocarpae (Mesotrophic moors)
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Tofieldietalia (limestone fens and sewerage meadows)
- Caricion davallianae (limestone swamps)
- Caricion bicolori-atrofuscae (Alpine alluvial banks and trickle meadows) (syn .: Caricion maritimae)
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Caricetalia nigrae ( Wiesenseggen societies) (syn .: Caricetalia fuscae)
- Caricion nigrae (syn .: Caricion fuscae)
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Scheuchzerietalia (palustris) (Nordic intermoor and Schlenken societies)
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Oxycocco-Sphagnetea (raised bogs and bog heaths )
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Sphagnetalia magellanici (raised bog peat moss societies)
- Sphagnion magellanici (raised bog communities of the lowlands)
-
Erico-Sphagnetalia papillosi (bell heather bogs and wet heaths) (syn .: Sphagno-Ericetalia)
- Ericion tetralicis (wet heaths)
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Sphagnetalia magellanici (raised bog peat moss societies)
Saltwater and sea beach vegetation
-
Zosteretea ( seagrass sea bed grass )
-
Zosteretalia (marinae)
- Zosterion (marinae)
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Zosteretalia (marinae)
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Ruppietea (Sea Balance Society)
-
Ruppietalia
- Ruppion (maritimae)
-
Ruppietalia
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Spartinetea (maritimo-anglicae) ( Schlickgraspioniergesellschaft )
-
Spartinetalia (maritimae)
- Spartinion (maritimae)
-
Spartinetalia (maritimae)
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Thero-Salicornietea ( spring wadding )
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Thero-Salicornietalia
- Salicornion dolichostachyae
- Salicornion ramosissimae
-
Thero-Salicornietalia
-
Saginetea (maritimae) ( beach pearlwort corridors )
-
Saginetalia (maritimae)
- Saginion maritimae
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Saginetalia (maritimae)
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Asteretea tripolii (Salt Marsh Grass)
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Glauco-Puccinellietalia
- Puccinellion (maritimae)
- Armerion maritimae
- Puccinellio-Spergularion salinae
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Glauco-Puccinellietalia
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Honckenyo-Elymetea ( salt Mieren - beach rye -Vordünen)
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Honckenyo-Elymetalia
- Honckenyo-Elymion
- Honckenyo crambion
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Honckenyo-Elymetalia
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Cakiletea (Sea Flushing Lines)
-
Cakiletalia
- Salsolo honey yon
- Atriplicion litoralis
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Cakiletalia
-
Ammophiletea ( beach grass dunes)
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Ammophiletalia
- Ammophilion arenariae
- Agropyrion junceiformis
-
Ammophiletalia
Herbaceous vegetation often disturbed places
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Isoeto-Nanojuncetea ( dwarf rush - pond bottom society)
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Cyperetalia (fusci)
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Nanocyperion (Society of the Brown Sedge )
- Elatino-Eleocharitenion (ovatae)
- Juncenion bufonii
- Radiolenion linoidis
-
Nanocyperion (Society of the Brown Sedge )
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Cyperetalia (fusci)
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Bidentetea (tripartitae) ( Zweizahn -schlammufergesellschaft)
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Bidentetalia (tripartitae)
- Bidention (tripartitae)
- Chenopodion rubri
-
Bidentetalia (tripartitae)
-
Chenopodietea (Hackunkraut- and Ruderalgesellschaft )
-
Polygono-Chenopodietalia (hack weed societies)
- Fumario euphorbion ( earth smoke - milkweed societies, hack weed societies of base-rich soils)
- Spergulo oxalidione
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Eragrostietalia
- Eragrostion
- Digitario setarion
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Sisymbrietalia (arugula societies)
- Sisymbrion (arugula societies)
- Salsolion ruthenicae
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Polygono-Chenopodietalia (hack weed societies)
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Secalietea (Grain Weed Society)
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Secalietalia
- Caucalidion (lappulae) ( poppy fields , lime, and clay fields)
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Aperetalia (soil acid, low-species grain-weed communities)
- Aphanion arvensis ( aphanes providers (acidophilous species-poor cereal weeds companies))
- Arnoseridion
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(Lolio-Linetalia)
- (Lolio remoti-Linion)
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Secalietalia
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Artemisietea (nitrogen herbaceous plants)
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Artemisietalia
- Arction lappae ( burdock corridors)
- Calystegietalia (nitrophytic perennial and fringing communities of wet locations)
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Glechometalia (nitrophytic herbaceous vegetation, fringing and defoliation of fresh to damp locations)
- Aegopodion podagrariae (Girsch-Saumges., Persistent nitrophytsic (ruderal) -total open to partially shaded locations)
- Alliarion (Nitrophile hems in half-cut to shady locations)
- Rumicion alpini
- Onopordietalia (Bienne (two-year) ruderal societies)
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Artemisietalia
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Agropyretea ( couch grass -Trockenpionier Society)
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Agropyretalia intermediae-repentis (semi-rudimentary dry and semi-arid grasslands)
- Convolvulo-Agropyrion (semi-rudimentary semi-arid grassland)
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Agropyretalia intermediae-repentis (semi-rudimentary dry and semi-arid grasslands)
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Plantaginetea ( stepping plant communities )
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Plantaginetalia (majoris) (stepping plant communities)
- Polygonion avicularis ( bird knotweed - turf)
- Honckenio Elymion (*)
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Plantaginetalia (majoris) (stepping plant communities)
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Agrostietea stoloniferae (floodplain and wet pastures)
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Agrostietalia stoloniferae (flood and wet pioneer lawn)
- Agropyro-Rumicion ( cinquefoil -Quecken lawn)
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Agrostietalia stoloniferae (flood and wet pioneer lawn)
Stone corridors and alpine lawns
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Parietarietea judaicae ( glass herb wall joint society)
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Parietarietalia judaicae
- Centrantho-Parietarion
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Parietarietalia judaicae
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Asplenietea (trichomanis) (crevices and wall societies)
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Potentilletalia (caulescentis) (crevices and wall societies of calcareous rocks, exposed to the south)
- Potentillion (caulescentis)
- Cystopteridion (fragilis)
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Androsacetalia vandellii (silicate crevice societies)
- Androsacion vandellii (sun-drenched silicate rock crevice societies)
- Asplenion serpentini (serpentine crevice societies)
- Asarinion procumbentis
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Potentilletalia (caulescentis) (crevices and wall societies of calcareous rocks, exposed to the south)
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Violetea calaminariae (heavy metal stone corridors)
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Violetalia calaminariae
- Thlaspion calaminariae
- Armerion halleri
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Violetalia calaminariae
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Thlaspietea (rotundifolii) (rubble and rubble floors)
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Thlaspietalia (rotundifolii)
- Thlaspion (rotundifolii)
- Petasition paradoxi
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Drabetalia hoppeanae
- Drabion hoppeanae
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Androsacetalia alpinae
- Androsacion alpinae
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Epilobietalia fleischeri
- Epilobion fleischeri
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Achnatheretalia
- Achnatherion
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Galeopsietalia
- Galeopsion segetum (summer warm hollow-tooth silicate heaps)
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Thlaspietalia (rotundifolii)
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Salicetea herbaceae (snow soil associations)
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Salicetalia herbaceae
- Salicion herbaceae
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Arabidetalia caeruleae
- Arabidion caeruleae
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Salicetalia herbaceae
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Juncetea trifidi (Caricetea curvulae) (Alpine Sauerbodenrasen)
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Caricetalia curvulae
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Caricion curvulae
- Haller's fescue lawn (Festucetum halleri)
- Crooked sedge (Caricetum curvulae)
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Caricion curvulae
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Caricetalia curvulae
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Seslerietea albicantis (Alpine limestone grass)
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Seslerietalia albicantis
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Seslerion albicantis
- Upholstery harrows pioneer turf (Caricetum company e shortly Firmetum)
- Blue grass Horstseggenhalde (Seslerio-Caricetum sempervirentis, Seslerio-Semperviretum for short)
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Caricion ferrugineae
- Rostseggenrasen (Caricetum ferrugineae)
- Violet fescue lawn (Festuco-Trifolietum thalii)
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Seslerion albicantis
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Seslerietalia albicantis
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Carici rupestri-Kobresietea ( nude Ried Company )
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Elynetalia
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Elynion (myosuroidis)
- Naked song wind corner (Elynetum)
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Elynion (myosuroidis)
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Elynetalia
Anthropo-Zoogene Heath and Lawn
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Nardo-Callunetea ( Borstgrass and dwarf shrub heaths )
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Nardetalia
- Nardion (grass willow)
- Violion caninae (deep grass grass lawn)
- Juncion squarrosi
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Festucion variae
- Fescue heap (Festucetum variae)
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Vaccinio-Genistalia (Call.Ulecetalia)
- Calluno-Genistion (Genistion) ( gorse sand heather)
- Empetrion nigri
- Cytision scoparii
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Nardetalia
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Sedo-Scleranthetea (sand and rock grass - dry grass)
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Sedo-Scleranthetalia (rock gravel and rock band societies)
- Sedo-Scleranthion (Alpine Felsgrus-Fluren)
- Alysso-Sedion albi
- Seslerio-Festucion pallentis ( bleaching fescue -Felsbandfluren)
- Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii
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Corynephoretalia
- Corynephorion (canescentis)
- Koelerion arenariae (= albescentis) ( sand steppes )
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Festuco-Sedetalia ( stonecrop - sheep's fescue calcareous grasslands)
- Koelerion glaucae
- Sileno conicae-Cerastion semidecandri
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Thero-Airetalia ( Kleinschmielen lawn)
- Thero-Airion (Kleinschmielen-Lawn)
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Sedo-Scleranthetalia (rock gravel and rock band societies)
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Festuco-Brometea (dry, semi-dry grass, basiphile grasslands)
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Festucetalia valesiacae (continental steppe grassland)
- Festucion valesiacae (continental steppe grassland)
- Cirsio Brachypodion
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Brometalia (erecti) (Sub-Mediterranean arid and semi-arid grasslands)
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Xerobromion (dry lime grass)
- Xerobrometum (dry lime grass)
- Mesobromion (calcareous semi-arid grassland (poor meadows, pastures))
- Koelerio-Phleion phleoidis (acidic dry grassland)
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Xerobromion (dry lime grass)
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Festucetalia valesiacae (continental steppe grassland)
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Molinio-Arrhenatheretea (hay meadows and pasture communities)
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Molinietalia caeruleae (wet herbaceous vegetation, wet and reed meadows )
- Molinion caeruleae ( litter meadows )
- Filipendulion (wet herbaceous vegetation)
- Cnidion dubii ( burning cones - meadow meadows)
- Juncion acutiflori (rush swamp)
- Calthion ( marsh marigold meadows, wet and wet meadows )
-
Arrhenatheretalia (fertilized fat meadows and white clover willows )
- Arrhenatherion elatioris (valley fat meadows, planar and submontane smooth oat meadows )
- Polygono-Trisetion (mountain gold oat meadows )
- Cynosurion (fat, standing and haying pastures, park lawns)
- Poion alpinae (Alpine milkweed willows)
-
Molinietalia caeruleae (wet herbaceous vegetation, wet and reed meadows )
Shrubbery and shrubbery near the forest
-
Trifolio-Geranietea (sanguinei) (Helio-thermophilic fringing communities, perennial heaps, deciduous meadows)
-
Origanetalia vulgaris ( Wirbeldost Societies)
- Trifolion medii (mesophilic clover fringing societies)
- Geranion sanguinei (Xerophilous blood cranesbill -Saumgesellschaften)
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Origanetalia vulgaris ( Wirbeldost Societies)
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Epilobietea (angustifolii) ( blow corridors and Vorwald -Gehölze (perennial bushes))
-
Atropetalia (= Epilobietalia angust.) (Central European Schlag- und Vorwald-Societies)
- Epilobion angustifolii (acidic flares)
- Atropion (belladonnae)
- Sambuco-Salicion capreae (Vorwald-Societies, Vorwald-Staudengestrupp) (put by many authors as class Sambucetalia ramosae to the class Rhamno-Prunetea).
-
Atropetalia (= Epilobietalia angust.) (Central European Schlag- und Vorwald-Societies)
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Betulo-Adenostyletea (tall herbaceous corridors and bushes)
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Adenostyletalia
- Adenostylion (alliariae)
- Calamagrostion (arundinaceae)
- Salicion waldsteinianae
-
Adenostyletalia
Coniferous forests and related heaths
-
Erico-Pinetea ( limestone pine forests and alpine rose bushes)
-
Erico-Pinetalia (snow heather-pine forests and alpine rose bushes)
-
Erico-Pinion
- Erico-Pinetum (sylvestris) (snow heather and pine forest )
- Erico-Rhododendretum hirsuti (snow heather-alpine rose bushes)
-
Erico-Pinion
-
Erico-Pinetalia (snow heather-pine forests and alpine rose bushes)
-
Pulsatillo-Pinetea (sylvestris) ( pine steppe forests )
-
Pulsatillo pinetalia (sylvestris)
-
Cytiso (ruthenico) -pinion (boreal subcontinental pine steppe forests)
- Pyrolo-Pinetum sylvestris (wintergreen pine steppe forest) (syn: Peucedano-Pinetum)
-
Cytiso (ruthenico) -pinion (boreal subcontinental pine steppe forests)
-
Pulsatillo pinetalia (sylvestris)
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Vaccinio-Piceetea (acidic coniferous forests and related alpine heaths)
-
Piceetalia (abietis)
-
Dicrano-Pinion (moss-rich pine forests of the lowlands)
- Dicrano pinion
- Leucobryo-Pinetum (sandy pine forest or white moss pine forest)
- Deschampsia flexuosa-Pinus sylvestris (basal) society (species-poor pine forests, especially in northern Germany)
- Piceo-Vaccinienion uliginosi (bog forests)
- Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis (birch bog forest)
- Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum sylvestris ( Scots pine bog forest )
- Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum rotundatae (mountain pine or Spirken bog forest)
- Dicrano pinion
-
Piceion abietis (spruce forests and spruce-fir forests)
- Vaccinio-Piceenion (spruce forests of the mountains and low mountain ranges)
- Rhododendro-Vaccinienion (alpine larch-Swiss stone pine forests and acidic dwarf shrub communities)
- Vaccinio-Pinetum cembrae ( larch-pine forest )
- Rhododendro-Vaccinietum ferruginei ( rust alpine rose heather )
- Vaccinio-Abietenion (spruce-fir forests rich in dwarf shrubs in the northern Alps and southern German low mountain ranges)
- Vaccinio-Abietum (cranberry-spruce-fir forest)
- Calamagrostio villosae-Fagetum (riding grass-spruce-beech forest)
- Luzulo-Abietum (grove-spruce-fir forest)
-
Dicrano-Pinion (moss-rich pine forests of the lowlands)
-
Loiseleurio-Vaccinietalia (alpine boreal dwarf grape carpets )
-
Loiseleurio Vaccinion
- Arctostaphylo alpinae-Loiseleurietum ( crowberry - or Gamsheide wind carpet)
- Empetro (hermaphroditi) - Vaccinietum (gaultherioides) ( Crowberry- Morbeer-Windheide)
-
Loiseleurio Vaccinion
-
Piceetalia (abietis)
Deciduous forests and related shrubbery
-
Salicetea purpureae ( willows - alluvial shrubs and forests)
-
Salicetalia purpureae (willow floodplain bushes and forests)
- Salicion eleagni (lavender willow bushes)
- Salicion albae (low-lying pastures, softwood meadows )
-
Salicetalia purpureae (willow floodplain bushes and forests)
-
Alnetea glutinosae ( alder swamps and gray willow bushes )
-
Alnetalia glutinosae (alder hives and gray willow bushes)
- Alnion glutinosae (alder forests)
- Salicion cinereae (gray willow bushes and marsh birch forests) (considered by other authors to be part of a class of Franguletea)
-
Alnetalia glutinosae (alder hives and gray willow bushes)
-
Querco-Fagetea ( mixed oak and beech forests)
-
Quercetalia robori-petraeae ( oak-birch forests )
-
Quercion robori-petraeae (Western and Central European oak-birch forests)
- Quercenion robori-petraeae (sub-Atlantic, Western European oak-birch forests)
- Genisto-Quercenion petraeae (subcontinental, central European oak-birch forests)
-
Quercion robori-petraeae (Western and Central European oak-birch forests)
-
Quercetalia pubescenti (-petraeae) (Xerotherme submed. Downy oak forests and subcon. Oak steppe forests)
-
Quercion pubescenti (-petraeae) (western (sub) Mediterranean downy oak forests, "steppe heather forests")
- Aceri monspessulani-Quercetum petraeae (rock maple-sessile oak mixed forest)
- Quercetum pubescenti-petraeae (Central European downy oak mixed forest)
-
Potentillo albae-Quercion petraeae (East Central European subcontinental dry oak forests)
- Potentillo albae-Quercetum petraeae (Eastern Central European subcontinental dry oak forest)
-
Quercion pubescenti (-petraeae) (western (sub) Mediterranean downy oak forests, "steppe heather forests")
-
Fagetalia (sylvaticae) (mesophytic, beech forest-like deciduous forests of Europe)
-
Fagion (sylvaticae) ( red beech forests and beech-fir forests)
- Luzulo-Fagenion ( grove- beech forests)
- Luzulo-Fagetum ( Forest-Hainsimsen-Buchenwald , also Moder-Buchenwald)
- Deschampsio flexuosae-Fagetum (syn.Avenello-Fagetum) (wire-wreath beech forest of the plain)
- Ilici-Fagenion (Atlantic, Western European beech forests of acidic locations) (sometimes also placed in the Quercion robori-petreae)
- Galio odorati-Fagenion ( woodruff beech forests, also Mull beech forests)
- Galio odorati-Fagetum ( woodruff beech forest )
- Hordelymo-Fagetum ( forest barley beech forest , also fresh beech lime forest)
- Cephalanthero-Fagenion ( Waldvögelein -beech forests, also dry-slope limestone beech forests)
- Carici-Fagetum (sedge-beech forest, also orchid-beech forest)
- Seslerio-Fagetum ( blue grass beech forest )
- Aceri-Fagenion (high montane to subalpine sycamore beech forests)
- Aceri-Fagetum (tall herbaceous sycamore beech forest)
- Lonicero alpigenae-Fagenion (Alpine hedge cherry-beech-fir forests)
- Aposerido-Fagetum (syn Lonicerae alpigenae-Fagetum) (montane spruce-fir-beech mixed forest)
- Dentario heptaphyllae-Fagetum (Fiederzahnwurz- (fir) beech forest)
- Galio rotundifolii-Abietion (bedstraw pine forests)
- Pyrolo-Abietum (montane limestone fir forest)
- Galio-rotundifolii-Abietum (montane silicate fir forest)
- Dentario glandulosae-Fagenion (Eastern European-Carpathian montane (fir) beech forests)
- Dentario enneaphylli-Fagetum (Eastern European whorl-leaf tooth-root-fir-beech forest)
- Luzulo-Fagenion ( grove- beech forests)
-
Carpinion betuli (oak and hornbeam forests)
- Stellario holosteae-Carpinetum betuli (chickweed-oak-hornbeam forest)
- Galio sylvatici-Carpinetum betuli (forest rennet-oak-hornbeam forest)
-
Alno-Ulmion (minoris) ( alluvial forest )
- Alnenion glutinoso-incanae (gray alder floodplain forests and brook alder ash forests)
- Elmenion
- Querco-Ulmetum minoris (oak-elm floodplain forest, hardwood floodplain )
-
Tilio (platyphyllis) -Acerion pseudoplatani (mixed hardwood forests, linden - maple forests)
- Clematido (vitalbae) -Corylenion (avellanae) (hazel bushes of rock rubble heaps)
- Deschampsio flexuosae-Acerenion pseudoplatani (wire wreaths of noble deciduous mixed forests on silicate-rock rubble slopes)
- Tilenion platyphylli
- Aceri (platanoidis) -Tilietum platyphylli (Norway maple-linden forest)
- Lunario-Acerenion pseudoplatani (sycamore mixed forests)
- Fraxino-Aceretum (pseudoplatani) (ash-maple forest, also "gorge forest")
- Adoxo (moschatellinae) -Aceretum (maple-ash forest, also "Auen-Schluchtwald")
-
Fagion (sylvaticae) ( red beech forests and beech-fir forests)
-
Prunetalia spinosae (hedges and bushes) (considered by most of the younger authors to be the class Rhamno-Prunetea)
-
Pruno-Rubion (fruticosi) (blackberry bushes) (considered by most of the younger authors to be the order Rubetalia plicati)
- Rubo prunenion (spinosi) (blackberry sloe bushes)
- Sarothamnenion (blackberry broom bushes)
- Rubo plicati-Sarothamnetum (blackberry broom broom (common heather) bushes)
- Frangulo rubenion (fruticosi) blackberry buckthorn bushes
- Berberidion ( barberry bushes)
-
Prunion fruticosae ( dwarf cherry bushes)
- Prunetum fruticosae (dwarf or steppe cherry bushes)
-
Pruno-Rubion (fruticosi) (blackberry bushes) (considered by most of the younger authors to be the order Rubetalia plicati)
-
Salicetalia arenariae ( dune willow bushes)
-
Salicion arenariae
- Hippophao-Salicetum arenariae (sea buckthorn bushes) (moved from Oberdorfer to Berberidion)
-
Salicion arenariae
-
Quercetalia robori-petraeae ( oak-birch forests )
See also
literature
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8., revised. and additional ed., Stuttgart, 2001. ( ISBN 3-8001-3476-4 )
- Overview of the plant communities in Germany at Floraweb , with the red list of plant communities (published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation).