Source corridor

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The spring corridor is a unit of vegetation at locations that is characterized by emerging spring water in the area of ​​natural springs . The term is used as a technical term in geobotany . In plant sociology and geobotany, spring corridors are defined as special plant communities ; Central European spring swamps are doing for class Montio-Cardaminetea (named after the water-blinks Montia fontana and the bitter smock Cardamine amara as character types ). Spring corridors arise when the spring water escapes from the ground or directly from the rock; due to the special location conditions in a spring area, they cause specialized vegetation.

Damming shell limestone layer on the valley slope of the small river Glatt (tributary of the Neckar ), west of the village of Glatt

Conditions of origin

Spring corridor with bitter foam herb Cardamine amara in a well-wet hollow in the grassland

Spring corridors are created by the leakage of spring water or by the running of the water from the spring, which forms a spring stream or swamp. Three types of sources can be distinguished according to the type of water outlet: flow sources (also fall sources ), pond sources (or pond sources ) and swamp sources (or seepage sources ). Spring corridors occur mainly at swamp springs.

Due to the different geological conditions, the emerging spring water has different chemical properties, resulting in different spring biotopes. Often only a few highly specialized plant species form biotopes in these areas. Cushion-forming moss species are particularly typical and common. Spring meadows are characterized by mostly low-growing, herbaceous species and by mosses. Any tree species that may appear and overshadow are no longer part of the actual source corridor. Many typical spring meadows are not in the forest, but in grassland or in the vegetation of the mountains above the tree line.

distribution

Spring corridors arise everywhere in the exit area of ​​springs, but they are more common in mountainous regions.

Source corridor types

Depending on the type of source, the vegetation of the source area develops. This is mainly dependent on the temperature and lime content of the spring. In the case of lime springs, a type of limestone, the spring tuff, forms . This process is promoted by the vegetation itself. The moss Palustriella commutata (formerly often referred to by the synonymous name Cratoneuron commutatum ) removes CO 2 from the water , thereby lime is precipitated on the plant, which ultimately forms tufa formations over many generations of moss plants.

Location adjustments

Due to their special location conditions, spring meadows have a species-poor flora . The temperature of the water is quite even during the year and rather low in the growing season, while the humidity is permanently high.

Ecological importance

Spring corridors are of great ecological importance as they represent a highly specialized habitat and thus form rare biotopes. For the preservation of the springs and thus the spring corridors, sustainable use can be an important aspect not at the source outlet but in the later course of the spring for drinking water purposes.

natural reserve

Sources, and thus also the spring meadows, are legally protected biotopes in Germany according to Section 30 of the Federal Nature Conservation Act. Due to the responsibility of the federal states, the protection is regulated somewhat differently in each federal state. For example, according to Article 13d Paragraph 1 Clause 1 of the Bavarian Nature Conservation Act, they are a biotope worthy of protection.

A hazard is through agricultural use, change and version of the source, as well as destruction by z. B. Road construction given.

literature

  • Heinz Ellenberg , Christoph Leuschner : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective. 6th, completely revised and greatly expanded edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8001-2824-2 , pp. 515-516 and Pp. 723-725.
  • Klötzli, Frank; Dietl, Walter; Marti, Karin; Schubiger-Bossard, Cécile; Walther, Gain-Reto: Vegetation of Europe: the open country in a vegetation-ecological-ecological overview with special consideration of Switzerland. Bern: Ott, 2010, pp. 86–88.
  • Lange, Ute: Flower magic: botanical treasures of the Rhön. 1st, exp. Ed., Fulda: Parzeller, 2013, pp. 80–85.
  • Pott, Richard: The plant communities in Germany. Stuttgart: Ulmer, 1992, pp. 167-174.
  • Schubert, Rudolf; Hilbig, Werner; Klotz, Stefan: Identification book of the plant communities of Central and Northeast Germany. Jena; Stuttgart: G. Fischer, 1995, pp. 216-220.
  • Wilmanns, Otti: Ecological Plant Sociology: An Introduction to the Vegetation of Central Europe. 6., rework. Ed., Heidelberg; Wiesbaden: Quelle and Meyer, 1998, pp. 165–169.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Heinz Ellenberg, Christoph Leuschner: Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective. 6th, completely revised and greatly expanded edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8001-2824-2 , p. 515.
  2. ↑ a b Klötzli, Frank; Dietl, Walter; Marti, Karin; Schubiger-Bossard, Cécile; Walther, Gain-Reto: Vegetation of Europe: the open country in a vegetation-ecological-ecological overview with special consideration of Switzerland. Bern: Ott, 2010, p. 86
  3. ^ A b BUND Nature Conservation in Bavaria eV District group Weilheim-Schongau [Hrsg.]: Quellfluren. [1]
  4. ↑ a b Schubert, Rudolf; Hilbig, Werner; Klotz, Stefan: Identification book of the plant communities of Central and Northeast Germany. Jena; Stuttgart: G. Fischer, 1995, p. 216
  5. ^ Pott, Richard: The plant societies of Germany. Stuttgart: Ulmer, 1992, p. 167
  6. ↑ Heinz Ellenberg, Christoph Leuschner: Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective. 6th, completely revised and greatly expanded edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8001-2824-2 , p. 516.
  7. ^ Pott, Richard: The plant societies of Germany. Stuttgart: Ulmer, 1992, p. 167ff.
  8. ↑ Lange, Ute: Flower magic: botanical treasures of the Rhön. 1st, exp. Edition, Fulda: Parzeller, 2013, p. 83
  9. ^ Pott, Richard: The plant societies of Germany. Stuttgart: Ulmer, 1992, p. 171
  10. ↑ Wilmanns, Otti: Ecological Plant Sociology: An Introduction to the Vegetation of Central Europe. 6., rework. Ed., Heidelberg; Wiesbaden: Quelle and Meyer, 1998, p. 166
  11. ^ Schubert, Rudolf; Hilbig, Werner; Klotz, Stefan: Identification book of the plant communities of Central and Northeast Germany. Jena; Stuttgart: G. Fischer, 1995, p. 217ff.
  12. ↑ Bavarian Nature Conservation Act - BayNatSchG: Act on the protection of nature, the care of the landscape and recreation in the great outdoors. From February 23, 2011. [2]
  13. ↑ State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania [Hrsg.]: 7220 * Kalktuffquellen (Cratoneurion). Schwerin 2011. [3]