Burning cones

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Burning cones
Sila-leaved cnidium (Cnidium silaifolium)

Sila-leaved cnidium ( Cnidium silaifolium )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Genre : Burning cones
Scientific name
Cnidium
Cusson

The burnt umbels ( Cnidium ) are a genus of plants within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae).

description

Herbarium of Silaublättrigen burning umbels ( Cnidium silaifolium )

In Cnidium TYPES is usually persistent, sometimes two or rarely annual herbaceous plants . They usually form one, more rarely several, slender stems .

The alternately arranged leaves are divided into leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade. The basal leaves are two to three or one to two-fold pinnate, the terminal pinnate sections are usually quite narrow, linear-lanceolate, linear or obovate. The spreading of the stem leaves are gradually reduced, smaller, and sit on an enlarged leaf sheath.

The terminal and lateral, long-stalked, 6- to 15- (up to 20) -radiated double umbels contain many flowers. The linear or lanceolate bracts are several and do not fall off in most species. There are also several linear envelope leaves. The flowers are hermaphroditic. Sepals are mostly absent; every now and then they are there, but tiny. The white or reddish overflowing petals are wedge-shaped narrowed at their base and notched at the top and a curved, narrow lobe comes off exactly in the notch.

The elongated, egg-shaped to rounded, slightly flattened fruits have five weakly winged ribs, with the lateral ribs usually being somewhat wider.

Occurrence

The genus Cnidium is distributed with about six to eleven species in the temperate and cooler regions of Europe and Asia , and depending on the view of the genus, also in North America . In Central Europe only Cnidium dubium and Cnidium silaifolium can be found. There are five species in China, one of them only there.

Most species occur in open locations such as grassland, field edges or on the coast, although they prefer not too dry locations.

Cnidium cnidiifolium
Cnidium japonicum

Systematics

It is unclear whether it is possible to clearly differentiate the genus of the burner cones ( Cnidium ) from closely related genera, in particular to the Silgen ( Selinum ). Some authors therefore advocate combining the two genera under Selinum . Because of the unclear delimitation to similar genera, the genus consists of between six and about 20 species, depending on the author's opinion.

Here is a selection of Cnidium species:

  • Cnidium bhutanicum M.F.Watson (Syn .: Cnidium atropurpureum M.F.Watson ): The home is Bhutan.
  • Cnidium cnidiifolium (Turcz.) Schischk. : The home is Canada, Alaska, Siberia and Far Eastern Russia.
  • Cnidium dauricum (Jacquin) fish. & CAMeyer : The home is China, Korea, Japan, Mongolia and Russia.
  • Cnidium divaricatum (Jacq.) Ledeb.
  • Ordinary umbel or swamp umbel ( Cnidium dubium (Schkuhr) Thell. )
  • Cnidium japonicum Miquel : Home is Korea, Japan and China (Liaoning).
  • Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson : It is native to Europe, Russia, India, Laos, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Mongolia and Korea. Its seeds are used as medicine and as an aphrodisiac . With two varieties:
    • Cnidium monnieri var. Formosanum (Y.Yabe) Kitagawa , occurs only in Taiwan.
    • Cnidium monnieri var. Monnieri
  • Cnidium salinum Turcz. : The home is China, Russia and Mongolia.
  • Silaublättrige Umbelde ( Cnidium silaifolium (Jacq.) Simonk. ): It is a locally naturalized species in Central Europe that originates from the Mediterranean region and the Middle East.
  • Cnidium sinchianum K.T.Fu : This endemic thrives only in Xingjia Shan in the Chinese province of Shaanxi in shady and damp locations.

No longer belongs to this genus:

  • Ligusticum officinale (Makino) Kitag. (Syn .: Cnidium officinale Makino ), a medicinal plant native to Korea and Japan.

swell

  • Pu Fading (溥 发 鼎), Mark F. Watson: In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 , pp. 136 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 375 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Cnidium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Pu Fading (溥 发 鼎 Pu Fa-ting); Mark F. Watson: Cnidium Cusson. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 14: Apiaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010

Web links

Commons : Burning cones ( Cnidium )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files