Calyx oats
| Calyx oats | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Danthonia alpina | ||||||||||||
| Vest |
The calyx oat ( Danthonia alpina ) is a species of the grape oat genus ( Danthonia ) and thus the family of sweet grasses (Poaceae).
description
The calyx oat is a perennial grass that grows in the shape of a lawn. Its stalks reach heights of 30–100 centimeters, they are smooth and bare, unbranched and have 3–4 knots. The leaf sheaths are bare and only have a tuft of hair 2 millimeters long at the opening. The ligule is a lash line made of 0.5 millimeter long hair. The leaf blades are 10-20 centimeters long and 1.5-3 millimeters wide. They are spread out flat and curled around the edges. The flower panicle or flower cluster is 3–8 inches long, loose and contracted. The side branches go away individually from the main axis. The spikelet stalks are up to 12 millimeters long. The spikelets are (without the awns) 15-25 millimeters long. The glumes are equal to each other, 5–7-nerved and 15–25 millimeters long. The lemmas are nine- veined , 3.5–5 millimeters long from the base to the point of attachment of the central awn. They end at the top with two awned side lobes. The central awn is kneeled, the lower awn is 3 millimeters long and turned like a plane chip, the upper awn is 8-11 millimeters long, straight and rough. The palea are two-veined and 5–7 millimeters long. The anthers are 1.5-3 millimeters long.
The flowering period is May to June.
The chromosome number is 2n = 36.
distribution
The calyx oat occurs from Central and Southern Europe to the Caucasus. Its distribution area includes the countries Spain, France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Albania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Russia, Armenia and Turkey. It rises in Ticino on Monte San Giorgio to 1096 meters above sea level. In Germany it only occurs on the Garching Heath .
ecology
The grape oat thrives in Central Europe in dry grass on warm, dry, lean, base-rich, partially lime-free or decalcified, neutral, humus-rich, permeable, loamy stone and gravel soils. He is a character species of the Adonido-Brachypodietum from the association Cirsio-Brachypodion. In the Southern Alps it also grows in sparse deciduous forests; on mountain meadows, on paths and rain areas.
Taxonomy
The calyx-grape oat was first described by Lorenz Chrysanth von Vest in Flora 4: 145 (1821) as Danthonia alpina . Synonyms are Avena calicina Vill. , Danthonia provincialis DC. and Danthonia calicina (Vill.) Rchb.
natural reserve
The grape oat is one of the species threatened with extinction in Germany. It is also one of the threatened species in the Czech Republic.
literature
- Hans Joachim Conert: Danthonia alpina . In: Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe . 3rd ed., Volume I, Part 3, pages 142–144. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg, 1987. ISBN 3-489-52320-2 (description, distribution, ecology)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Danthonia alpina. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 27, 2020.
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 247 .
