Real ball flower

Real ball flower
	Real globe flower ( Globularia bisnagarica )
Systematics
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Plantain family (Plantaginaceae)
Tribe :	Globularieae
Genre :	Globe flowers ( globularia )
Type :	Real ball flower
Scientific name
	Globularia bisnagarica
	L.

The real globular flower (Globularia bisnagarica, syn: Globularia punctata ), also called common globular flower and high-stemmed globular flower, is a species of plant that belongs to the genus of globular flowers ( Globularia ) within the plantain family (Plantaginaceae). It occurs mainly in southern western and central Europe .

description

Real globe flower, illustration

The real globe flower grows as an overwintering, green perennial herbaceous plant . The upright, until the inflorescence leafy stem is 5 to 25, often up to 40 centimeters high and extended after flowering time up to 60 centimeters.

The leaves are in basal rosettes and distributed alternately on the stem. The long-stalked basal leaves have a leathery leaf blade that is spatulate and often marginalized at the upper end, briefly three-toothed or sometimes rounded. The seated stem leaves are lanceolate and pointed.

The flowering time is mainly at the beginning of full spring and extends from April to July. With a diameter of 1 to 1.5, rarely up to 2 centimeters, the head-shaped inflorescences contain many flowers. The blue-purple flowers are 6 to 8 mm long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Real globe flower ( Globularia bisnagarica )

Occurrence and endangerment

The real globe flower is a sub-Mediterranean-Mediterranean floral element . It occurs mainly in southern Western and Central Europe: Italy, the Alps, the Balkans (except Greece). Disjoint occurrences are in the Caucasus foreland and in the Volga knee.

The real globe flower grows on lime-rich, shallow-rocky, clay or loess soils . It colonizes semi- arid lawns and light dry bushes. It is a character species of the Xerobromion association in Central Europe. It occurs in Saxony-Anhalt, Eifel, northern Palatinate, Kaiserstuhl, southern Upper Rhine and High Rhine, Swabian-Franconian Jura, Alpine foothills, Föhntal valleys of the northern Limestone Alps, eastern and southern Austria. Overall, it is rare, but forms loose, moderately rich stocks.

Pointer values according to Ellenberg are: light plant (L8), moderately warm to heat pointer (T6), suboceanic to subcontinental (K5), dry to extremely dry pointer (F2), base and lime pointer (R9), indicating low to low nitrogen locations (N2) , does not bear salt (S0).

In the 1996 Red List of Threatened Species in Germany, Globularia bisnagarica is rated 3+, which means endangered. It is particularly protected under the Federal Species Protection Ordinance. In Switzerland, Globularia bisnagarica is fully protected in the cantons of Aargau and Geneva.

Taxonomy

The first description of Globularia bisnagarica was in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , ed. 1, p. 96. Synonyms for Globularia bisnagarica L. are: Globularia punctata Lapeyr. , Globularia aphyllanthes auct. non Crantz , Globularia elongata Hegetschw. , Globularia vulgaris auct. non L. s. str., Globularia willkommii C.F. Nyman .

ecology

The real globe flower is a hemicryptophyte .

There is insect pollination or self-pollination.

The real globe flower is attacked by the rust fungus Puccinia globulariae with Telien .

Structural formula of globularin

Toxicity

All parts of the plant are poisonous. The main active ingredient is the bitter-tasting globularin .

Symptoms of poisoning: Globularin causes vomiting, colic, diarrhea, dizziness and collapse symptoms in humans. Information on the toxic dose varies.

swell

Ordinary globe flower. In: FloraWeb.de. (Sections Description and Ecology)
Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 5 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Buddlejaceae to Caprifoliaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3342-3 .
Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b The Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity [1]
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Ordinary spherical flower. In: FloraWeb.de.
^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 753 .
↑ ^a ^b Globularia bisnagarica L. at infoflora.ch , with information from the Flora Helvetica .
↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 870-871 .
↑ ^a ^b Profiles on the vascular plants of Bavaria - Globularia punctata Lapeyr. Ordinary globe flower .
↑ Peter Zwetko: The rust mushrooms Austria. Supplement and host-parasite directory to the 2nd edition of the Catalogus Florae Austriae, III. Part, Book 1, Uredinales. (PDF; 1.8 MB).
^ ^A ^b Lutz Roth, Max Daunderer, Kurt Kormann: Toxic Plants, Plant Poisons. 6th edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86820-009-6 .

Web links

Commons : Echte Kugelblume ( Globularia bisnagarica ) - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Real ball flower . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Globularia bisnagarica L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved March 27, 2016.
Photos at Botanik im Bild / Flora von Österreich .
Area and climate at the University of Halle.
Genus: ball flower (Globularia) at blumeninschwaben , identification key.

[Euro+Med-1] The Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity [1]

[FloraWeb-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Ordinary spherical flower. In: FloraWeb.de.

[Fischadler2008-3] Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 753 .

[infofloraCh-4] Globularia bisnagarica L. at infoflora.ch , with information from the Flora Helvetica .

[Oberdorfer2001-5] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 870-871 .

[bayernflora-6] Profiles on the vascular plants of Bavaria - Globularia punctata Lapeyr. Ordinary globe flower .

[7] Peter Zwetko: The rust mushrooms Austria. Supplement and host-parasite directory to the 2nd edition of the Catalogus Florae Austriae, III. Part, Book 1, Uredinales. (PDF; 1.8 MB).

[Roth2012-8] A ^b Lutz Roth, Max Daunderer, Kurt Kormann: Toxic Plants, Plant Poisons. 6th edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86820-009-6 .