Florentine hawkweed

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Florentine hawkweed
Florentine hawkweed (Pilosella piloselloides), illustration

Florentine hawkweed ( Pilosella piloselloides ), illustration

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Tribe : Cichorieae
Genre : Pilosella
Type : Florentine hawkweed
Scientific name
Pilosella piloselloides
( Vill. ) Soják
Inflorescence, wild habitat in the Sub-Adriatic Dinarides, Borovi do Bijela gora, 1450 m
Leaf rosette, wild habitat in the Sub-Adriatic Dinarides, Borovi do Bijela gora, 1450 m

The Florentine hawkweed ( Pilosella piloselloides ) is a plant of the genus ( Pilosella ) within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). The four or so subspecies are common in Europe .

description

The Florentine hawkweed grows as a wintering green, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches stature heights of 20 to mostly 25 to 80 centimeters. It does not form runners , but runners -like side shoots can sometimes be found. The stem is branched at most at the top. Most of the leaves are arranged in basal rosettes and usually only one to three, rarely four, are alternately distributed on the stem. The basal leaves are loosely hairy with stiff bristles, coarse, blue-green and spatulate to linear-lanceolate. During the flowering period, however, trichomes are only found on the edge and underneath the midrib. The underside of the leaf can be loosely star-haired or star-hairless.

The flowering period extends from May to June. The initially more or less crowded golden or rarely paniculate , later looser, branched total inflorescence usually contains 10 to 30 (5 to 80) cup-shaped partial inflorescences. The dark green to black bracts have a barely discernible to very broad light border and are bald, hairless to sparsely hairy; there are sparse to abundant glands and no to few flakes. The flower heads contain only ray florets. The five-lobed ray- flowers are pure yellow.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18, 27, 36 or 45.

Similar species

Similar are the meadow hawkweed ( Pilosella caespitosa (Dumort.) PDSell & C.West ), the hawkweed ( Pilosella cymosa (L.) FWSchultz & Sch. Bip. ) And especially the Hungarian hawkweed ( Pilosella bauhini (Schult.) Arv.-Touv. ). In contrast to the Florentine hawkweed, all three species form runners. The basal leaves of meadow and hawkweed are more or less grass green and hairy on both sides over the entire surface.

ecology

The Florentine hawkweed is a half-rosette plant and a hemicryptophyte . It is a full light plant ( light number 9) that only grows in fully sunlit places with no less than 50% relative lighting.

Occurrence

The Florentine hawkweed is an originally European-Near Eastern species with submeridional to boreal distribution. In submeridional to boreal eastern North America , it is a neophyte .

In Germany, the spread decreases from south to north. The Florentine hawkweed is widespread in southern and central Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg and southern North Rhine-Westphalia, in northern Bavaria, Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse, Thuringia, Saxony and in southern Saxony-Anhalt, Bremen and southeastern Lower Saxony, and in northern North Rhine-Westphalia -Westfalen, northern Saxony-Anhalt, north-eastern Lower Saxony and in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania rare. In Schleswig-Holstein the Florentine hawkweed seems to have died out.

The Florentine hawkweed thrives best in moderately warm to warm locations with dry to fresh, slightly alkaline to alkaline, low-nitrogen soils . It grows in gaps in xerothermal lawns , on dry shrubbery fringes , in sparse forests and on dry to moderately dry ruderal areas such as: railway embankments, gravel pits, quarries or opencast mines. In the foothills of the Alps, the hawkweed is found in alternately dry river gravel. Typical plant communities in which the Florentine hawkweed can be found are the associations Mesobromion (sub-Mediterranean limestone semi-arid lawns), Geranion sanguinei (Xerothermal Saum-Gesellschaft), Thero-Airion (Kleinschmielenrasen), Dauco-Melilotion (stone clover meadows) Convolvulo-Agropyrion repentis ) and Epilobion fleischeri (Alpine to montane river alluvion society).

Systematics

It was first published in 1779 under the name ( Basionym ) Hieracium piloselloides by Domínique Villars in Prospectus de l'Histoire des Plantes de Dauphiné , p. 34. The new combination to Pilosella piloselloides (Vill.) Soják was made in 1971 by Jiří Soják in Preslia , Volume 43 , P. 185.

Further synonyms for Pilosella piloselloides (Vill.) Soják are: Hieracium astolonum Vuk. nom. illeg., Hieracium bajevii Velen. , Hieracium cylindriceps (Nägeli & Peter) Üksip , Hieracium florentinum All. , Hieracium pseudeffusum Peter , Hieracium stupposipilum (Woronow & Zahn) Üksip , Pilosella cylindriceps (Nägeli & Peter) Schljakov , Pilosella florentina (All.) FWSchultz & Sch. Gdp. , Pilosella pseudeffusa (Peter) Holub , Pilosella stupposipila (Woronow & Zahn) Sennikov , Hieracium florentinum subsp. albobracteolatum Lengyel & Zahn , Hieracium florentinum subsp. argyrocalyx Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. argyrocephalum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. austroalpinum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. bajevii (Velen.) Zahn , Hieracium florentinum subsp. bellovense Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. cuneense Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. cylindriceps Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. efloccosum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. euganeum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. extraneum tooth nom. illeg., Hieracium florentinum subsp. florentiniform Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. genuense Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. glareicola Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. glareosum (WDJKoch) Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. gramineum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. guardianum tooth , Hieracium florentinum subsp. lancifolium Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. littoral Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. longiceps Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. meridional Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. michelii Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. mondoviense tooth , Hieracium florentinum subsp. nivigemmum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. obscuriform Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. parcifloccum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. polycephalum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. porrettanum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. rhodacron urum . & Zahn , Hieracium florentinum subsp. rhodanum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. rhododontum tooth nom. illeg., Hieracium florentinum subsp. senescens Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. squarrosiramum tooth nom. illeg., Hieracium florentinum subsp. squarrosum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. stupposipilum Voronow & Zahn , Hieracium florentinum subsp. subflorentinum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. sublanciferum tooth nom. illeg., Hieracium florentinum subsp. subobscurum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. subsenescens tooth nom. illeg., Hieracium florentinum subsp. turcicum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium florentinum subsp. zannichellii tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. adenocymanthum O.Behr & al. , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. argyrocalyx (Nägeli & Peter) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. argyrocephalum (Nägeli & Peter) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. austroalpinum (Nägeli & Peter) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. cuneense (Nägeli & Peter) Zahn , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. cylindriceps (Nägeli & Peter) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. efloccosum (Nägeli & Peter) Zahn , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. euganeum (Nägeli & Peter) Zahn , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. extraneum tooth nom. illeg., Hieracium piloselloides subsp. florentiniforme (Nägeli & Peter) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. florentinum (All.) P. Fourn. , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. genuense (Nägeli & Peter) Zahn , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. glareicola (Nägeli & Peter) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. glareosum (WDJKoch) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. gramineum (Nägeli & Peter) Zahn , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. guardianum (tooth) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. litorale (Nägeli & Peter) tooth, Hieracium piloselloides subsp. longiceps (Nägeli & Peter) Zahn , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. meridionale (Nägeli & Peter) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. michelii (Nägeli & Peter) Zahn , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. mondoviense (tooth) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. nivigemmum (Nägeli & Peter) Zahn , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. obscuriforme (Nägeli & Peter) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. parcifloccum (Nägeli & Peter) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. porrettanum (Nägeli & Peter) Zahn , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. rhodanum (Nägeli & Peter) Zahn , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. rhododontum tooth nom. illeg., Hieracium piloselloides subsp. squarrosiramum tooth nom. illeg., Hieracium piloselloides subsp. subflorentinum (Nägeli & Peter) Zahn , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. sublanciferum tooth nom. illeg., Hieracium piloselloides subsp. subobscurum (Nägeli & Peter) Zahn , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. subsenescens tooth nom. illeg., Hieracium piloselloides subsp. turcicum (Nägeli & Peter) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides subsp. zannichellii (tooth) tooth , Hieracium piloselloides var. glareosum W.DJKoch .

There are four accepted subspecies of the species Pilosella piloselloides in 2007/8 :

  • Pilosella piloselloides (Vill.) Soják subsp. piloselloides
  • Pilosella piloselloides subsp. floccosa (Nägeli & Peter) S.Bräut. & Greuter : It occurs in France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina.
  • Pilosella piloselloides subsp. praealta (Gochnat) S.Bräut. & Greuter (Syn .: Hieracium praealtum Gochnat ): It occurs in Europe.
  • Pilosella piloselloides subsp. rubrobauhini (Schelk. & Zahn) S.Bräut. & Greuter : It occurs in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia and in the Caucasus region.

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d Florentine hawkweed. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. a b c d e f g h i Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
  3. a b c d e Thomas Schauer, Claus Caspari: The great FSVO plant guide. Over 1500 flowering plants from Central Europe . 9th revised edition. blv, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 2004, ISBN 3-405-16014-6 .
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  1003 .
  5. Hieracium piloselloides at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. Pilosella piloselloides in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  7. a b c d e Siegfried Bräutigam, Werner Greuter: Pilosella. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Berlin, 2007–2009.
  8. a b Pilosella piloselloides (Vill.) Soják at Global Compositae Checklist .

Web links

Commons : Florentine hawkweed ( Pilosella piloselloides )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files