Purgier flax

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Purgier flax
Purgier flax (Linum catharticum), illustration

Purgier flax ( Linum catharticum ), illustration

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Flax Family (Linaceae)
Genre : Flax ( linum )
Type : Purgier flax
Scientific name
Linum catharticum
L.

The Purgier flax ( Linum catharticum ), also meadow flax , is a species from the genus flax ( Linum ).

description

The Purgier-Lein is an annual plant that can grow annually in summer or winter, and then has a thin, spindle-shaped root. More rarely it grows biennially to persistently and then forms a weakly woody rootstock. It reaches a height of 5 to 20 (to 30) centimeters. The stems are erect to ascending, thin and glabrous. They are branched or simple at the bottom. The stem is usually forked in the inflorescence area.

The leaves are - unusual in the genus Lein - opposite. In the upper parts of the stem, the leaves are sometimes alternate. The leaves are bare, with no glands at the base. The lower leaves are elliptical to obovate and are once or twice as long as they are wide. The middle and upper leaves are lanceolate and up to 1 centimeter long, two to six times as long as they are wide.

The inflorescences are dichasias . The flowers are 4 to 5 millimeters in diameter; before blooming they are nodding. The pedicels are longer than their bracts and glabrous. The flowers are five-fold. the sepals are 2 to 3 millimeters long, narrowly elliptical in shape, pointed at the end, single-nerved and ciliate on the edge. The petals are (3 to) 4 to 5 (to 6) millimeters long. Their color is white with a yellow background. The stamens are around 2 millimeters long. The ovary carries five ovate-kopfige scars to about 0.5 millimeters long styli .

The fruit stalks are upright. The capsule is spherical, 2 to 3 millimeters long. The false partitions inside are hairy. The seeds are elliptical, flattened and 1 to 1.5 millimeters long. Their surface is smooth and light brown.

The flowering period extends from June to August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

inflorescence
Opposite leaves
Capsule fruits with seeds
Seeds

ecology

The Purgier-Lein is a therophyte at lower altitudes , but in the mountains it becomes two-year to persistent.

The flowers are homogeneous to weakly proterogyne, odorless, nectar- bearing, somewhat funnel-shaped disc flowers; the anthers are at the same level as the scars , but initially relatively far away from them; later they approach the scars so that spontaneous self-pollination can occur. Pollination is mainly done by smaller two-winged birds . The seeds spread epizoochorically by sticky seeds.

distribution

The Purgier-Lein occurs in the meridional and boreal zone of the oceanic tinted areas of Eurasia : The distribution area extends in the north to the British Isles, Iceland and Scandinavia , in the south to the mountains of Morocco , Spain , Italy , the Balkan Peninsula , Anatolia , of the Caucasus and the Elbors Mountains in Iran. The species is naturalized in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States as well as New Zealand.

In Germany it occurs in all federal states. Nationwide it is not considered endangered, in some federal states it is classified as endangered. In Austria it is represented in all federal states and is not endangered. The same applies to Switzerland.

Purgier flax is often found in bog meadows and in spring meadows. It prefers moist, lime-rich, mostly dense soils. He is a clay pointer and a pioneer plant with endotrophic mycorrhiza . It is partially absent in mountains with silicate soils.

In the Alps in Germany it rises up to 2310 m, in the Allgäu Alps at the southern foot of the Widderstein it rises up to 2200 m.

According to Heinz Ellenberg , it is a half-light plant, a weak acid to weak base pointer and an order character of the wet meadows and brook banks (Molinietalia). But it also occurs in societies of the associations Caricion davallianae, Mesobromion, Arrhenatherion or Seslerion.

Systematics

The Purgier-Lein was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . The taxonomic value of the Linum catharticum subsp. suecicum (Murb.) Hayek's severed perennial forms is uncertain; it could just be site modifications.

Ingredients, application

In the past, the Purgier flax was used to make a laxative tea that would induce nausea in large quantities. Hence the plant got its name. It contains the poisonous bitter substance linin and is therefore no longer used in this form as a medicine.

swell

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  • Margot Spohn, Marianne Golte-Bechtle: What is blooming there? The encyclopedia: over 1000 flowering plants from Central Europe. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10326-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  630-631 .
  2. ↑ Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 283 .
  3. ↑ Werner Rothmaler (greeting), Rudolf Schubert, Walter Vent (ed.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Volume 4. Critical Volume. 7th edition. People and Knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012526-0 , p. 358.
  4. ↑ Werner Greuter, Hervé-Maurice Burdet, Guy Long (eds.): Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 4: Dicotyledones (Lauraceae - Rhamnaceae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1989, ISBN 2-8277-0154-5 , pp. 219 . (online) .
  5. ^ Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta. 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 1: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (1) (Linaceae - Violaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1966, ISBN 3-489-72021-0 , p. 6–8, 670 (unchanged reprint from 1925 with addendum).
  6. ↑ a b Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 4 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Haloragaceae to Apiaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3315-6 , pp. 165-166 .
  7. ↑ USDA: Plants Profile: Linum catharticum
  8. ^ CJ Webb, WR Sykes, PJ Garnock-Jones: Flora of New Zealand. Volume IV: Naturalized Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons. 1988. ISBN 0-477-02529-3 . on-line.
  9. ^ Purgier-Lein. In: FloraWeb.de.
  10. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  11. ^ D. Moser, A. Gygax, B. Bäumler, N. Wyler, R. Palese: Red list of endangered species in Switzerland: fern and flowering plants . Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, Bern; Center of the data network of the Swiss flora, Chambésy; Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Chambésy, 2002, p. 75 ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: PDF file (1194 kB) - also in InfoFlora ).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.bafu.admin.ch
  12. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 176.
  13. ↑ Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (=  UTB for science. Large series . Volume 8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 , pp. 1046 .
  14. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 281, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D281%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D .

Web links

Commons : Purgier-Lein ( Linum catharticum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files