Steppe fennel

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Steppe fennel
Steppe fennel (Seseli annuum)

Steppe fennel ( Seseli annuum )

Systematics
Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Tribe : Selineae
Genre : Mountain fennel ( seseli )
Type : Steppe fennel
Scientific name
Seseli annuum
L.

The steppe fennel ( Seseli annuum ), also known as the steppe sesel , is a plant species within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae).

description

Illustration from storm

Vegetative characteristics

The steppe fennel is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of up to 60 centimeters. It dies after the fruit has ripened. The stem is mostly purple, leafed fairly evenly and only briefly hairy in the upper part below the umbels (as well as the umbel stalks ). The leaves are double to triple pinnate, the leaf tips are linear, about 1 centimeter long and less than 1 millimeter wide.

Generative characteristics

The umbel-shaped inflorescence has a diameter of up to 8 centimeters and 12 to 40 umbel rays. The flowers are white (to light purple). The fruit is 1 to 2.5 centimeters long, oblong-egg-shaped and has sharp edges. The flowering period begins in the second half of August and extends partly into November.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16 or 22.

ecology

The steppe armchair is a scleromorphic, mesomorphic hemicryptophyte .

The pollination is done by insects or self-pollination .

The diaspores spread by the wind or Velcro.

The steppe fennel can tolerate early mowing and still bloom.

Occurrence and endangerment

The steppe fennel occurs in the sub-Mediterranean and temperate zone of Europe, south to southern France , northern Italy , Yugoslavia and Bulgaria and north to northern France . In Russia it penetrates to around the 56th parallel north. The steppe fennel probably only immigrated to Central Europe with humans and is very rare in Central Europe.

Seseli annuum occurs quite rarely in eastern, central and southern Germany. The north-westerly occurrences in Germany are in North Rhine-Westphalia , in the poor grasslands of the Brilon plateau . The steppe fennel was classified in Germany in 1996 in the hazard category 3 = endangered.

The steppe chair occurs in Austria scattered or rarely in all federal states in the colline to montane altitude . It is considered endangered in Austria, but severely endangered in the western Alpine region and northern Alpine foothills .

Seseli annuum grows individually, but mostly gregarious in sunny, warm and dry, lime-rich and alkaline locations. It is characteristic of semi- arid grass . Occasionally it also occurs in the perennial communities of the forest edges. It is a species of the Festuco-Brometea class and occurs especially in societies of the Cirsio-Brachypodion, Mesobromion and Geranion sanguinei associations.

Systematics

The first publication of Seseli annuum was in 1753 by Carl von Linné .

Some authors have two subspecies of Seseli annuum :

  • Seseli annuum L. subsp. annuum : It occurs in Spain, France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, the Ukraine, Moldova, Russia and Belarus.
  • Seseli annuum subsp. carvifolium (Vill.) P. Fourn. (Syn .: Seseli carvifolium Vill. ): It occurs in France, Italy and Sardinia .

photos

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Seseli annuum L., Steppen-Sesel. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  713 .
  3. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 844 .
  4. ↑ a b c Ralf Hand, 2011: Apiaceae. Datasheet from Seseli annuum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Web links

Commons : Steppenfenchel ( Seseli annuum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files