Whorled sage

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Whorled sage
Whorled sage (Salvia verticillata)

Whorled sage ( Salvia verticillata )

Systematics
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Nepetoideae
Tribe : Mentheae
Genre : Sage ( salvia )
Type : Whorled sage
Scientific name
Salvia verticillata
L.

The whorled sage ( Salvia verticillata ) is a species of the genus sage ( Salvia ) within the mint family (Lamiaceae). It originally comes from the Mediterranean area and is a naturalized neophyte in large areas of Europe .

description

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 19, 1893.
Section of an inflorescence with superimposed pseudo whorls and the stalked, zygomorphic flowers with calyx and crown, which is surmounted by the style, which ends in two stigma branches.

Vegetative characteristics

The whorled sage grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 60, rarely up to 80 centimeters. It forms a thin rhizome . The plant is almost odorless. The sturdy, square stem is mostly branched from the ground up, dense, bristly hairy, cloudy green and without glands.

Of the continuously arranged against the stem foliage leaves the lower stalked and the other sitting. The 2 to 8 cm long petioles have two auricles. The lower leaves are sometimes pinnate, can hibernate green and dry up until flowering . The leaf blades of the upper leaves are simple, broadly lanceolate to ovate or spear-shaped, reticulate, but not very wrinkled, usually heart-shaped at the base, irregularly serrated and hairy on both sides.

Whorled sage ( Salvia verticillata )

Generative characteristics

16 to 24 flowers each stand in four to ten pseudo whorls loosely arranged one above the other . The hermaphroditic flowers are zygomorphic with a length of 1 to 1.5 cm and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The vivid purple, rarely white corolla is 1 to 1.5 centimeters long. Your upper lip is narrowed and almost straight.

The basic chromosome number is n = 8 (according to Tischler 1950).

ecology

The whorled sage is a hemicryptophyte . The pollination is done by insects.

Occurrence

The whorled sage is a species originally distributed in the East Mediterranean . In Europe it occurs west and north and now to France, England and Scandinavia; there he is almost everywhere as a naturalized neophyte . In West Asia it occurs as far as Iran.

The whorled sage needs dry, calcareous, loosely sandy loam soils . It colonizes semi-arid grasslands , dams and embankments. It is rare in the lowlands and is absent in some areas; in the low mountain ranges and the Alps with calcareous rock and in the foothills of the Alps, it occurs scattered. Occasionally it rises to altitudes of around 1700 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part on the southern slope of the Heuberg near Häselgehr up to 1600 m above sea level. In Central Europe it occurs particularly in societies of the Onopordetalia order, but also in those of the Mesobromion Association or in thermophilic arrhenatheretes. In Eastern Europe it is a character species of the Cirsio-Brachypodion association.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Salvia verticillata subsp. amasiaca (Freyn & Bornm.) Bornm. : It occurs from Turkey to northwestern Iran.
  • Salvia verticillata subsp. verticillata : The distribution area extends from Central Europe to Iran.
The 'Purple Rain' variety

swell

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 5 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Buddlejaceae to Caprifoliaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3342-3 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Whorled sage. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Salvia verticillata. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 22, 2016.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 419.
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  810 .

Web links

Commons : Whorled Sage ( Salvia verticillata )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files