Little meadowsweet
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Little meadowsweet ( Filipendula vulgaris ) |
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The little meadowsweet ( Filipendula vulgaris ), also called little meadowsweet or tuberous meadowsweet (other common names are tuberous goat's beard, meadow queen and filipendelwurz), is a species of meadowsweet ( Filipendula ) and belongs to the rose family (Rosaceae).
description
Appearance and leaf
The little meadowsweet is a summer green, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 80 centimeters. The roots are often spindle-shaped, more rarely swollen spherical, from which the German common name Knolliges meadowsweet results. The mostly upright and simple stem , less often branched in the upper area, is glabrous, in cross-section stalk-round to slightly angular or slightly grooved and less leafy towards the top.
The leaves are arranged in a basal rosette and alternately distributed on the stem. The short-stalked or sessile leaves are 15 to 25 cm long and 3 (rarely up to 4) cm wide and indistinctly double-pinnate. The 8 to 30 leaflets are elongated in outline and themselves again pinnately lobed or double-toothed and the larger ones are 10 to 25 mm long and 4 to 8 mm wide. The leaves are green on both sides, glabrous on top and roughly hairy on the underside.
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
The flowering period extends from May to July. Many flowers stand together in a compound, double-raced inflorescence , which has a length of 3 to 10 cm and different lengths and strong branches. The partly stalked, partly sessile flowers are radial symmetry . They usually have six sepals. The mostly six white petals, often reddish on the outside, are 5 to 9 mm long and oblong, obovate, and oval. Each flower has 20 to 40 stamens that are as long as or longer than the petals. The six to twelve carpels are hairy and have an umbrella-shaped scar at the tip.
The solitary, follicle-like achenes are 3 to 4 mm long and light brown.
Chromosome number and ingredients
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14, rarely 16.
The tubers contain starch and tannins .
Toxicity
The leaves of the little meadowsweet contain a poisonous hydrocyanic acid glycoside.
ecology
The little meadowsweet is a multi-stemmed perennial with partially thickened, sprout roots with storage and root functions. These also form leaf shoots for self-expansion. The germination takes place already in early spring .
The stylus of the flowers , which spread out radially, offer the pollinators a good place to sit on, which usually enables cross- pollination . If there is no flower visit, the innermost stamens curve towards the stigma and self-pollination occurs .
The hairy, straight fruits have a curved stylus that allows Velcro to spread .
Occurrence
The distribution area of the little meadowsweet extends from Europe and North Africa to Central Asia . There are sites in the United Kingdom, Ireland , Denmark , Sweden , Norway (up to almost 64 degrees north latitude), Finland , the Baltic States , Poland , Belarus , Ukraine , Orenburg , Altai , Sverdlovsk Oblast , Russia, Central Europe, Italy, France, Portugal , Spain, the former Yugoslavia , Hungary, Slovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, the Caucasus area of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Iran. In North America and the eastern Primorye region , the little meadowsweet occurs as a neophyte .
In Central Europe , the small meadowsweet occurs occasionally in the lowlands (for example on Fehmarn and on the Lower Elbe). It is rare in the low mountain ranges with calcareous rock and it is absent here in some areas. The Central European sites are on the western edge of the distribution area . In the Alps it rises to altitudes of around 900 meters, in the Jura up to 1000 meters. In Austria, the small meadowsweet occurs in all federal states and is considered endangered. In the Pannonian region this kind is common, otherwise it is scattered to very rare.
The little meadowsweet grows mainly on dry or alternately moist, low -nitrogen, humus-containing loam or clay soils in not too cold locations .
The tuberous meadowsweet in Central Europe occurs on poor grass , in semi- arid grass , in pipe grass meadows , in pine forests and at forest edges on calcareous, clayey, alternately dry subsoil. It occurs in Central Europe in societies of the Mesobromion, the Cirsio-Brachypodion, the Molinion, the Potentillo-albae-Quercion-petraeae and the Geranion sanguinei.
Taxonomy
It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Spiraea filipendula L. by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . Conrad Moench placed it in the genus Filipendula in 1794 and replaced Linné's name with the nomen novum Filipendula vulgaris Moench . Other synonyms Filipendula vulgaris Moench are: Filipendula hexapetala Gilib. ex Maxim. , Ulmaria filipendula (L.) Hill .
use
Root bulbs and young leaves can be prepared as a vegetable or salad. Their taste is sweet and bitter.
swell
- Little meadowsweet. In: FloraWeb.de. (Section description)
literature
- Gustav Hegi (first), Herbert Huber: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Volume IV, Part 2A ( Droseraceae to Rosaceae (1st part) ), Delivery 4, Carl Hanser, Munich 1964, pp. 272-274.
- Peter William Ball: Filipendula Miller . In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 6–7 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Little meadowsweet. In: FloraWeb.de. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
- ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 336 .
- ^ Arto Kurtto, Raino Lampinen, Leo Junikka: Atlas florae europaea . Volume 13. Rosaceae (Spiraea to Fragaria, excl. Rubus). Pages 34–35. Helsinki 2004. ISBN 951-9108-14-9
- ^ Heinrich E. Weber : Rosaceae. In Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe . 3rd edition Volume IV, Part 2 A, pages 280–283. Blackwell-Wissenschafts-Verlag Berlin 1995. ISBN 3-8263-3016-1 .
- ^ A b Filipendula vulgaris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
- ↑ a b c Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. Volumes 1-5. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
- ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 478 .
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 490, digitized
- ^ Conrad Moench: Methodus plantas horti botanici et agri Marburgensis: a staminum situ describendi. Volume 2, Officina nova libraria academiae, Marburg 1794, p. 663, digitized .
- ↑ Filipendula vulgaris at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 23, 2012.
Web links
- Filipendula vulgaris Moench, Little meadowsweet. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Little meadowsweet . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Filipendula vulgaris Moench In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved November 8, 2015.
- Distribution map for the northern hemisphere of Filipendula vulgaris on the Linnaeus.se website in jpg format.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
Map with all linked sites: 
