Rosoideae

Rosoideae
Clusius cinquefoil ( Potentilla clusiana )
Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons Rosids Eurosiden I Order : Rose-like (rosales) Family : Rose family (Rosaceae) Subfamily : Rosoideae
Scientific name
Rosoideae
( Juss. ) Arn.

The Rosoideae are a subfamily within the family of the rose family (Rosaceae).

description

Appearance and leaves

The representatives of the Rosoideae are perennial , rarely annual herbaceous plants , shrubs or, rarely, trees . The leaves are alternate and are usually composed. Stipules are present, but often obsolete.

blossoms

The different species of the Rosoideae are diverse and vary greatly in the number of flower organs and circles. Most species of the Rosoideae, however, have five-fold flowers , so that the individual flower organs (stamens, petals, sometimes carpels) appear as a multiple of 5. Accordingly, the display apparatus of the perianth usually shows a petal circle with consequently five petals, five sepals and a multiple of 5 (up to 200 in the case of the dog rose Rosa canina, for example ) for the stamen circles. On the other hand, the number of carpels is sometimes reduced to up to one, but like the raspberry ( Rubus idaeus ) it can also contain up to four carpel circles up to 20 carpels.

The carpels are usually not fused, but stand individually (apocarp) in the cup-like indented flower base ( hypanthium ). The hypanthium is regarded as an evolutionary innovation within the Rosoideae; it therefore does not occur in more original species such as meadowsweet ( Filipendula ulmaria ). If present, the flower cup (hypanthium) is sometimes enlarged, but never fused with the carpels .

Systematics

The taxon Rosoideae was in 1832 by George Arnott Walker Arnott in the 7th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica first published . Due to the morphological diversity of the Rosoideae and the Rosaceae as a whole, the classifications have been modified again and again. Accordingly, laypeople in particular can easily have problems with orientation in this group due to the historically determined different assignments and characterizations of the Rosoideae.

Molecular genetic systematization

The newer possibilities of extensive gene sequencing made it possible to analyze the genetic relationships between the individual species of Rosaceae. On this molecular basis, several proposals for regrouping the taxa have been made since 2008, but the Rosoideae were only marginally affected. The system is as follows:

• Meadowsweet ( Filipendula Mill. )
• Supertribus Rosodae T.Eriksson, Smedmark & ​​MSKerr : It comprises two separate genera and three tribes:
  • Roses ( Rosa L. )
  • Rubus L.
  • Tribus Sanguisorbeae:
    • Subtribe Agrimoniinae:
      • Ormennige ( Agrimonia L. )
      • Aremony ( Aremonia Necker ex DC. )
      • Hagenia J.F. Gmelin
      • Leucosidea Ecklon & Zeyher
      • Spenceria trimen
    • Subtribe Sanguisorbinae:
      • Barbed nuts ( Acaena Mutis ex L. )
      • Cliffortia L.
      • Margyricarpus Ruiz & Pavón ( incl.Tetraglochin Poeppig )
      • Polylepis Ruiz & Pavón
      • Wiesenknopf ( Sanguisorba L. )
      • Poteridium Spach
      • Poterium L. (including Bencomia Webb & Berth. , Marcetella Svent. (With Moquin's Marcetella ( Marcetella moquiniana )), Dendriopoterium Svent. , Sarcopoterium Spach )
  • Tribus Potentilleae:
    • Fingerkräuter ( Potentilla L. ) (incl. Argentina Hill , Comarella Rydb. , Duchesnea Sm. , Horkelia Cham. & Schltdl. , Horkeliella (Rydb.) Rydb. , Ivesia Torr. & A. Gray , Purpusia Brandegee , Stellariopsis (Baill. ) Rydb. )
    • Subtribe Fragariinae:
      • Comarum L. (including Farinopsis Chrtek & Soják )
      • Dasiphora Raf.
      • Drymocallis Fourr. ex Rydb.
      • Yellowlings ( Sibbaldia L. ); including the type:
        • Yellow fling ( Sibbaldia procumbens L. )
      • Sibbaldiopsis Rydb.
      • Chamaerhodos Bunge
      • Strawberries ( Fragaria L. )
      • Lady's mantle ( Alchemilla L. ) (incl. Aphanes ( Aphanes L. ), pool Milla (Focke) Rydb. , Zygalchemilla Rydb. )
      • Potaninia Maxim.
      • Sibbaldianthe Juz. (including Schistophyllidium (Juz. ex Fed.) Ikonn. )
  • Tribe Colurieae:
    • Clove root ( Geum L. ), including Acomastylis Greene , Novosieversia F.Bolle , Oncostylus (Schltdl.) F.Bolle , Orthurus Juz. , Taihangia T.T.Yu & CLLi , Coluria R.Br. , Waldsteinien ( Waldsteinia Willd. )
    • Sieversia Willd.
    • Fallugia Endl.

supporting documents

• D. Potter, T. Eriksson, RC Evans, S. Oh, JEE Smedmark, DR Morgan, M. Kerr, KR Robertson, M. Arsenault, TA Dickinson, CS Campbell: Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae . In: Plant Systematics and Evolution . tape 266 , 2007, p. 5-43 , doi : 10.1007 / s00606-007-0539-9 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ P. Leins: Blossom and Fruit. Morphology, history of development, phylogeny, function, ecology. Stuttgart: Nägele & Obermiller, 2000, p. 341, p. 252, p. 256f.
2. ^ S. Seybold: Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. 95th edition. Wiebelsheim: Quelle & Meyer, 2006, pp. 323–347.
3. ^ Heinrich E. Weber : Rosaceae . In: Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe . 3rd edition, Volume IV, Part 2 A, Blackwell-Wissenschafts-Verlag Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-8263-3016-1 , p. 657.

Web links

Commons : Rosoideae  - collection of images, videos and audio files